脑脊液置换联合地塞米松防治蛛网膜下腔出血后脑积水临床分析

目的探讨脑脊液置换联合地塞米松防治蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)后脑积水的临床疗效。方法将78例SAH患者随机分为两组,对照组给予常规内科治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上行腰穿脑脊液置换联合静脉应用地塞米松,观察临床症状及头颅CT变化,评价其疗效。结果治疗组患者头痛持续时间较对照组明显缩短,治疗后脑积水发生率低,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论腰穿脑脊液置换联合地塞米松可有效缩短SAH后头痛持续时间,在防治SAH后继发脑积水方面疗效肯定。     

大剂量脑脊液等量置换及椎管内尿激酶注射救治蛛网膜下腔出血的临床研究

目的　探索救治蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)患者的有效方法。方法　对经头颅螺旋CT或磁共振成像及腰穿确定 ,有剧烈头痛、恶心、呕吐 ,应用常规降颅压及止痛无效的 2 8例SAH患者 ,用大剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液和椎管内尿激酶注射治疗 ,并与对照 1组单纯大剂量脑脊液置换 10例和对照 2组单纯小剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液 12例进行比较。结果　治疗组 18例即刻 (1h)、2 4h、72h、5d症状明显减轻至消失 ,72h缓解 2 7例 (96 .4 %) ,所有患者均未出现速发或迟发性脑血管痉挛 (CVS)现象。对照 1组 10例 72h缓解 6例 (6 0 %) ,1例发生迟发性CVS征象 ,与治疗组比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照 2组 2例 2 4h内症状明显减轻 ,72h基本缓解 ,其他患者症状持续时间均在 72h以上 ,最长持续达 1周 ,4例 (33%)发生迟发性CVS ,死亡 2例。结论　应用大剂量生理盐水置换脑脊液可快速消除SAH患者之急性症状 ,对CVS也有较好治疗和预防作用 ,而早期加用小剂量尿激酶椎管内注射 ,可以明显提高以上疗效 ,同时又不会增加再出血的危险     

腰穿脑脊液置换术治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的临床研究

目的探讨腰穿脑脊液置换术在蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者治疗中的作用。方法将120例SAH患者随机分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=60),对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用脑脊液置换术治疗。观察比较两组患者头痛、颈项强直消失时间,脑脊液血红蛋白(Hb)清除时间,平均住院时间,并发症发生率及临床疗效等。结果观察组患者头痛、颈项强直消失时间,脑脊液Hb清除时间,平均住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.001),并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论脑脊液腰穿置换术是一种操作简单、安全有效的治疗方法,对SAH疗效确切,有利于缩短患者治疗时间,降低并发症发生率。     

老年蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑脊液中溶血磷脂酸含量的动态变化

目的观察老年蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者脑脊液中溶血磷脂酸(LPA)含量动态变化的特点与脑血管痉挛(CVS)的关系。方法选择经临床和辅助检查确诊的SAH患者67例为SAH组,另选同期住院的非SAH患者55例为对照组,分别于发病后1、7、14及28天测定脑脊液中LPA的含量,又将SAH组患者经脑血管造影和经颅多普勒超声确诊后分为CVS组(21例)和无CVS组(46例)。结果SAH组患者发病1天时脑脊液中LPA含量与对照组比较差异无显著性意义;SAH组患者发病7天时明显升高(P<0.01);14天时仍高(P<0.01),28天降至基线水平。CVS组患者发病1天时脑脊液中LPA含量与无CVS组比较差异无显著性意义;CVS组患者发病7天时明显升高(P<0.01);14天时仍高(P<0.01),28天降至基线水平。结论SAH后7和14天脑脊液中LPA含量与CVS的发生明显关联。检测脑脊液中LPA含量对预测CVS的发生可能具有重要意义。     

腰椎穿刺置管引流与反复腰穿辅助治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的疗效对比

目的比较腰椎穿刺(腰穿)置管持续引流术与反复单纯腰穿释放脑脊液辅助治疗蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的临床疗效。方法将98例手术治疗后的SAH患者随机分成腰穿置管引流组与反复单纯腰穿组,各49例,采用相应方法治疗。比较两组患者头痛缓解时间、颅内压恢复正常时间、脑脊液转为清亮时间、住院时间、脑积水发生率、继发脑血管痉挛发生率、继发颅内感染发生率、病死率。结果腰穿置管引流组患者的头痛缓解时间、颅内压恢复正常时间、脑脊液转为清亮时间、治疗时间短于反复单纯腰穿组(P均<0.01);脑积水发生率、继发脑血管痉挛发生率、继发颅内感染发生率低于反复单纯腰穿组(P均<0.05)。结论腰穿置管持续引流较反复单纯腰穿辅助治疗SAH更为安全、有效。     

腰穿放脑脊液佐治蛛网膜下腔出血100例疗效观察

蛛网膜下腔出血 ( SAH)临床表现严重 ,预后差 ,病死率高 ,易并发脑积水致残。 1 994～ 1 999年 ,我们采用内科常规治疗加腰穿放脑脊液 ( CFS)治疗 1 0 0例 SAH患者 ,效果良好。报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　取同期 SAH住院患者 2 0 0例 ,随机平分为两组 :1内科常规治疗 ( A)组 :男 62例 ,女38例 ;年龄 1 7～ 72岁 ,平均 45岁。 2内科常规治疗加腰穿放脑脊液 ( B组 ) :男 64例 ,女 36例 ;年龄 1 7～ 68岁 ,平均 43岁。两组中不包括入院时即形成脑疝及血液病患者所致 SAH者。两组病情等临床资料无明显差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,…     

脑脊液置换治疗蛛网膜下腔出血44例分析

1996年 3月～ 1999年 3月 ,我们采用脑脊液 (CSF)置换治疗蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH )患者 44例 ,取得显著疗效。现报告如下。一般资料 :44例均为 SAH住院病例 ,并经颅脑 CT平扫和腰穿证实。其中男 2 5例 ,女 19例 ;年龄 16～ 71岁 ,平均45 .6岁。单纯 SAH 13例 ,原发脑室出血 9例 ,脑实质出血破入脑室 2 2例。临床上均表现有剧烈头痛、呕吐及颈项强直等脑膜刺激征 ,其中 2例伴有中度昏迷、抽搐。除 13例单纯SAH外 ,余 31例均有不同程度的躯体运动感觉障碍。治疗方法 :本组 44例 SAH患者除维持营养、加强护理、防治并发症外 ,均未应用镇…     

脑脊液溶血磷脂酸含量与蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的关系

目的:观察蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者脑脊液溶血磷脂酸(LPA)含量动态变化的特点及其与脑血管痉挛(CVS)的关系,探索CVS的发病机制.方法:选取经临床和辅助检查确诊的SAH患者67例,分别于发病后24 h、7 d、14 d和28 d测定脑脊液LPA含量,并与对照组进行比较,同时观察LPA含量与CVS在时程上的相关性.结果:67例SAH患者中共有29例(43.3%)发生CVS,平均发生时间为6.6 d.发病24 h时,SAH患者脑脊液LPA含量与对照组无显著差异;发病7 d时显著高于对照组(P＜0.001);发病14 d时显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),但显著低于发病7 d时(P＜0.01);发病28 d时降至基线水平,与对照组无显著差异.发病24 h时,CVS组脑脊液LPA含量与无CVS组无显著差异,发病7 d时显著高于无CVs组(P＜0.001),发病14 d时仍显著高于无CVS组(P＜0.01);发病28 d时两组之间无显著差异.结论:SAH患者脑脊液LPA水平在发病后7～14 d显著升高,并且在时程上与CVS发生显著关联.检测脑脊液12A含量对预测CVS的发生可能具有重要意义.     

老年蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑脊液和血清中细胞因子水平的变化

目的 探讨老年蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者脑脊液和血清中细胞因子的表达及关系.方法 选择53例老年SAH患者作为病例组并按病情及是否发生CVS分组,选择同期老年健康体检者50例作为对照组,EHSA法检测脑脊液和血清中细胞因子包括白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达.结果 病例组脑脊液和血清中1L-6和TNF-α表达明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),且随着病情恶化,其表达也有升高趋势；细胞因子在SAH后CVS组的表达显著高于非CVS组(P＜0.05)；病例组血清1L-6和TNF-α表达分别与脑脊液呈明显正相关(P＜0.05).结论 老年SAH发生时,患者脑脊液和血清细胞因子的表达显著增高,并且二者表达有密切的关系,共同参与SAH的发生发展.     

脑脊液置换术治疗蛛网膜下腔出血160例疗效观察

目的观察脑脊液置换术治疗蛛网膜下腔出血（以下简称SAH）的疗效。方法将蛛网膜下腔出血患者,采用随机数字分配法分为置换组（160例）和对照组（150例）,置换组行脑脊液置换术,隔日1次,共置换3~5次,每次腰穿放出血性脑脊液5~10 m l,以等量生理盐水进行缓慢置换,重复2次,间隔5 m in,最后1次加地塞米松5 mg鞘内注射。对照组按SAH传统方法治疗。结果 160例经置换脑脊液后头痛能迅速缓解,平均为4.6 d,而对照组150例头痛缓解时间平均为13.2 d,置换组神志不清恢复正常的时间及头痛缓解时间均较对照组缩短（P〈0.05）。脑血管痉挛致脑梗死的发生,置换组0例,而对照组20例,置换组无脑积水的病例发生,而对照组发生脑积水25例。结论应用脑脊液置换术治疗SAH是一种缓解头痛,减少脑血管痉挛、梗阻性脑积水的有效方法。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.