鱼腥草素对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响

目的研究不同浓度鱼腥草素对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖的影响,旨在为未来抑制成骨细胞增殖的治疗提供参考。方法在新生SD大鼠颅骨成骨细胞培养液中分别加入0(空白对照组)、1、10、20、30、40μmol/L浓度的鱼腥草素,采用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK)-8测定不同浓度鱼腥草素对大鼠成骨细胞的增殖能力,采用茜素红染色法评价矿化结节情况,采用Western印迹法测定碱性磷酸酶蛋白(ALP)表达活性。结果经CCK-8法检测成骨细胞增殖结果显示,鱼腥草素作用2、7 d后,空白对照组、1、10、20、30、40μmol/L组吸光度值随着浓度增加均呈下降趋势,各时点各组吸光度值差异有统计学意义(P0.05);成骨诱导培养7、14 d后,茜素红染色结果显示,10、20μmol/L组矿化结节数多于其他各组,40μmol/L组培养各时点矿化结节数最少,后由少至多依次为空白对照组、30μmol/L组、1μmol/L组,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各时间点,10、20μmol/L组ALP活性最高,30、40μmol/L组ALP活性抑制,随培养时间延长,这种活性促进与抑制的情况继续增强,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论鱼腥草素对成骨细胞增殖、分化、矿化有抑制功效,可调节骨代谢,可能对骨质疏松的防治有积极意义。     

阿托伐他汀钙对体外培养成骨细胞增殖、分化和矿化的影响研究

目的 研究阿托伐他汀钙对体外培养SD大鼠成骨细胞（osteoblast,OB）的增殖、分化、矿化能力的影响.方法 取出生24 h内SD大鼠颅骨,混合酶消化法培养OB,以细胞形态学和碱性磷酸酶染色鉴定.取第2代OB给予10^-5 mol/L、10^-6 mol/L、10^-7 mol/L三种不同浓度的阿托伐他汀钙,并设空白对照组、雌激素（E2）10^-8 mol/L对照组,培养72 hr,观察OB的增殖能力（MTT法）、碱性磷酸酶活性（ALP）（对-硝基苯磷酸盐即PNPP法）,培养1个月后观察OB矿化结节形成功能（茜素红染色）.结果 1个月后,在OB形成的矿化结节数量上,阿托伐他汀钙10^-5 mol/L组与空白对照组比较,其促进作用有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在面积上有增加作用.在经阿托伐他汀钙处理3 d后OB的增殖率和ALP活性有一定促进作用,但无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 阿托伐他汀钙对OB的增殖和分化有促进作用.高浓度阿托伐他汀钙能使OB形成矿化结节数量和面积有提高作用.     

蛇床子素骨靶向药物对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞护骨素、核因子-κB受体活化因子配基表达的影响

目的观察蛇床子素骨靶向药物(NSC-OST)对体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞(OB)护骨素(OPG)及核因子κB受体活化因子配基(RANKL)表达的影响。方法不同浓度的NSC-OST作用于成骨细胞7 d,采用ELISA法检测成骨细胞OPG、RANKL的表达。结果终浓度为10-6mmol/L和10-5mmol/L组促进成骨细胞OPG的表达作用高于空白对照组(P<0.01);10-7、10-6mmol/L和10-5mmol/L组具有抑制大鼠成骨细胞表达RANKL的作用(P<0.01);终浓度为10-6、10-5mmol/L的NSC-OST可显著上调OPG/RANKL的比值(P<0.01)。结论适当浓度的NSC-OST可促进成骨细胞OPG的表达,抑制RANKL分泌,上调OPG/RANKL的比值。     

依普拉芬对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化及一氧化氮合成的影响

目的研究依普拉芬对新生大鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞增殖分化以及一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)合成的影响。方法体外分离培养新生大鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞,将不同浓度的依普拉芬加入培养液,测定细胞增殖情况、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及钙化结节以及培养基中NO浓度。结果与阴性对照组相比,依普拉芬可增加成骨细胞数量(P<0.01),提高细胞的ALP活性和促进钙化结节形成,增加培养液中NO浓度(P<0.01)。其中,依普拉芬浓度在10~8~10~5mol/L之间作用最为显著。结论一定浓度的依普拉芬可以促进体外培养成骨细胞的增殖、分化的作用,这种作用可能是通过增加细胞内NO合成进行调控的。     

脱氢表雄酮通过丝裂活化蛋白激酶途径促进成骨细胞增殖的研究

目的研究脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)促进成骨细胞增殖的作用和机制。方法取新生2～4d的BALB/c小鼠颅骨,用酶消化法进行成骨细胞原代培养,以细胞形态学和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色鉴定。取传1代成骨细胞给予不同浓度DHEA,在不同培养时间后,应用光镜、电镜、四唑盐(MTT)法及流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞的生长和增殖;同时用免疫印迹法检测磷酸化细胞外信号调控激酶(p44/42)的表达。结果10-8～10-6mol/L的DHEA可明显促进小鼠成骨细胞的生长和增殖,经10-7mol/LDHEA处理3d后的细胞,增殖指数明显增加(P<001);在10-9～10-6mol/L浓度范围内,DHEA能明显提高p44/42的表达,以10-8mol/L浓度的作用最佳(P<001),该作用可被U0126阻断。结论DHEA能够促进小鼠成骨细胞生长和增殖,其作用与激活丝裂活化蛋白激酶信号途径有关。     

雷洛昔芬对大鼠成骨细胞的增殖、分化和矿化的影响

目的初步探讨雷洛昔芬对成骨细胞骨形成作用机制。方法采用新生大鼠颅盖骨酶消化法体外培养成骨细胞,在培养液中加入不同浓度雷洛昔芬（0、10^-8、10^-7、10^-6mol/L）,在共同条件下培养。测定各项骨形成指标（增殖测定、碱性磷酸酶活性定量和矿化结节形态计量）。结果雷洛昔芬（10^-8mol/L组和10^-7mol/L组）的MTT、ALP测试结果及矿化结节形态计量高于对照组,且有统计学意义,P〈0.05。结论雷洛昔芬能够促进大鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞的增殖、分化及矿化,与雌激素作用类似。     

四种骨质疏松治疗药物对原代SD大鼠成骨细胞MGP表达的影响

目的 观察4种常用骨质疏松治疗药物(维生素K2、PTH、活性维生素D3、阿仑膦酸盐)对原代SD大鼠成骨细胞基质gla蛋白(MGP) mRNA表达的影响,探讨MGP在骨质疏松发病中的可能作用.方法 采用胰酶-胶原酶序贯消化法获得新生1～3天内SD大鼠颅盖骨成骨细胞,进行原代培养.第二代细胞经Ⅰ型胶原、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、矿化结节染色进行成骨细胞表型鉴定后给予不同浓度的维生素K2、PTH、活性维生素D3、阿仑膦酸盐干预培养24 h后抽提成骨细胞总RNA,采用荧光实时定量RT-PCR检测成骨细胞MGP基因mRNA的表达.结果 (1)原代成骨细胞Ⅰ型胶原染色呈棕红色,ALP染色显示细胞内棕黑细微颗粒,可形成矿化结节.(2)4种常见骨质疏松药物均上调成骨细胞MGP mRNA的表达,维生素K2浓度为10-5、10-6、10-7 mol/L时成骨细胞MGP mRNA的表达量分别是空白对照组的2.56、2.12、1.57倍,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PTH(1-34)浓度为10-7、10-8、10-9 mol/L时,升高成骨细胞MGPmRNA的表达量分别是空白对照组的6.78、5.31、2.23倍,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).活性维生素D3浓度为10-8、10-9和10-m mol/L时成骨细胞MGP mRNA的表达量分别是空白对照组的8.93、6.95、3.47倍,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)阿仑膦酸盐为10-4、10-5、10-6 mol/L时成骨细胞MGP mRNA的表达量是空白对照组的3.47、2.49、1.98倍,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 骨质疏松治疗药物维生素K2、PTH、活性维生素D3、阿仑膦酸盐均可促进原代培养SD大鼠成骨细胞MGP mRNA的表达,且呈剂量依赖性.MGP可能为骨质疏松治疗药物作用的共同靶点,参与了骨质疏松的发病机制.     

亚麻木酚素促进绝经期妇女种植体骨结合机制

目的观察亚麻木酚素(SDG)对成骨细胞的增殖分化及护骨素(OPG) mRNA表达的影响。方法将成骨细胞在不同浓度的SDG环境下进行培养,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测法检测细胞增殖情况及ALP活性;利用SDG培养成骨细胞24 h后,Phalloielin染色观察细胞骨架的形态变化;利用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测OPG mRNA的表达水平。结果高浓度SDG抑制成骨细胞增殖(P0.05),低浓度SDG促进成骨细胞增殖(P0.05)。与空白组相比,低浓度SDG组ALP活性高(P0.05),高浓度SDG浓度组ALP活性明显下降(P0.05)。在SDG浓度10~(-9)～10~(-7) mol/L范围内,随浓度的增高细胞铺展面积增大且内部框架结构更加清晰,而10~(-5) mol/L组细胞内部结构不清晰。SDG浓度为10~(-6)、10~(-7) mol/L时,OPG mRNA的表达明显增加(P0.05)。结论 SDG在成骨细胞增殖、分化的促进上具有一定效果。     

地拉罗司对小鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1生物学活性的影响

目的探讨铁鳌合剂地拉罗司(deferasirox,DFS)体外对成骨细胞增生、分化、矿化和细胞内铁离子的影响。方法小鼠前成骨样细胞MC3T3-E1在37℃条件下体外培养,在10 mmol/Lβ-甘油磷酸和50 mg/L抗坏血酸的诱导作用下,分化为成骨细胞,同时用不同浓度(10、20、40μmol/L)DFS干预,用CCK-8法检测细胞的增生,碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性试剂盒检测细胞ALP活性,Von kossa染色法行细胞钙结节染色,实时定量PCR检测细胞膜转铁蛋白受体(transferrin receptor,TfR)mRNA的表达。结果 MC3T3-E1细胞增生结果显示,DMSO溶剂组、对照组(0μmol/L)、10、20、40μmol/L组A值分别为1.41±0.09、1.41±0.09、1.01±0.01、0.79±0.04、0.67±0.04;ALP活性检测结果显示,对照组(0μmol/L)、10、20、40μmol/L组ALP活性值分别为0.73±0.03、0.65±0.02、0.54±0.03、0.35±0.04;钙结节检测结果显示,对照组(0μmol/L)、10、20、40μmol/L组TfR mRNA钙化面积比值分别为4.22±0.12、3.29±0.14、1.40±0.20、0.86±0.21;TfR mRNA表达检测结果显示,对照组(0μmol/L)、10、20、40μmol/L组TfR mRNA表达比分别为1、1.52±0.23、1.91±0.17、2.98±0.14。MC3T3-E1细胞的增生、ALP活性、钙结节和钙化面积随DFS干预浓度的增加呈剂量依赖性降低(P0.05),TfR mRNA的表达随DFS干预浓度的增加呈剂量依赖性升高(P0.05)。结论 DFS可能通过螯合成骨细胞内的铁离子抑制其增生、分化和矿化。     

铁调素对人成骨细胞增殖、凋亡、钙化功能的影响

目的 探讨铁调素(Hepcidin)对人成骨细胞hFOB1.19的增殖、凋亡和钙化等成骨功能指标的影响.方法 取购自中国科学院上海细胞库的人成骨细胞hFOB1.19细胞株进行体外实验:分为空白对照组、100 nmol/L铁调素组、200 nmol/L铁调素组.采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)观察铁调素作用48 h对成骨细胞的增殖的影响,Annexin V/PI染色和流式细胞仪检测铁调素作用48 h对成骨细胞凋亡变化的影响,von Kossa 钙化染色法检测铁调素作用15 d对成骨细胞矿化能力的影响.结果 MTT显示铁调素干预对成骨细胞的增殖与空白对照组相比无明显变化(P>0.05),在实验剂量范围内,铁调素对成骨细胞具有显著的抗凋亡作用(P<0.01),钙结节的产生数量可随铁调素剂量增加而增加(P<0.01).结论 铁调素对成骨细胞的增殖无明显影响,但可显著降低成骨细胞hFOB1.19的凋亡率,增强成骨细胞的钙化功能.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.