围脑干手术中体感诱发电位与心率监测的比较

目的：研究围脑干手术中体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）神经生理监测与ＨＲ监测的关系。方法：选择４３例全凭静脉麻醉的围脑干手术病例,对两侧正中神经分别进行刺激,记录相应ＳＥＰ的Ｎ２０波形,手术Ｎ２０发生明显变化（潜伏期延长超过１ｍｓ）或波辐降低超过５０％）,即通知术者调整操作,ＨＲ出现突然而明显的变化也及时通知术者。结果：３例术后出现神经病损者术中ＳＥＰ均表现为持续抑制,而其中１例ＨＲ并没有明显变化。术中ＳＥ     

异丙酚对上肢正中神经体感诱发电位的影响

麻醉药物对体感诱发电位(ＳＥＰ)波形存在不同程度的影响,以致干扰术中监测神经病变的效果。本研究通过观察单次静脉注射不同剂量异丙酸对上肢正中神经ＳＥＰ(ＭＮＳＥＰ)波形的变化,了解异丙酚对ＳＥＰ监测的影响情况,为术中进行ＳＥＰ监测时选择合理的麻醉药物及对波形的正确分析提供依据。资料与方法一般资料　30例择期行神经外科手术患者,术前ＭＮＳＥＰ检测无异常,ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级,男女性别不限,年龄16～68岁,随机分成三组,每组10人。麻醉方法　入室前30分钟肌注阿托品05ｍｇ、苯巴比妥钠01ｇ。入室后记录ＭＮＳＥＰ波形两次。于踝部大…     

体感诱发电位皮层成份在监测脊柱手术中的作用

目的：评价监测体感染诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）Ｎ２０、Ｐ４０波在脊柱手术时的方法及意义。方法：对２２例脊柱手术病人进行上肢或下肢ＳＥＰ监测并进行术后随访。结果：１０例病人的Ｎ２０、Ｐ４０波潜延长大于１ｍｓ,波幅降低大于５０％,３例波形完全消失,但只有１例术后神经症状加重。结论：脊柱手术时仅则上肢或下肢ＳＥＰ皮层成份意义较小,需做多形式监测;判断时除既往异常标准外,需注意ＳＥＰ异常持续的时间及潜伏期无明显变     

神经管闭合不全的手术疗效探讨

对手术治疗的４０例神经管闭合不全患者的神经功能状态做临床评价及胫后神经皮层体感诱发电位（ＣＳＥＰ）测量，发现手术前后神经缺陷的临床评分有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．００２）。行胫后神经ＣＳＥＰ检查的２０例患者，１６例手术后双下肢胫后神经ＣＳＥＰＰ４０峰潜伏期明显缩短（Ｐ＜０．０００５）；另４例手术前５根胫后神经ＣＳＥＰ波形消失而术后恢复（Ｐ＜０．０１）。说明手术是一有效的治疗方法，不仅可阻止神经缺陷的发展，而且使神经缺陷得到改善。     

胫后神经皮层体感诱发电位在脊髓纵裂中应用价值的探讨

对２９例脊髓纵裂患者（手术组２０例，非手术组９例）行胫后神经皮层体感诱发电位（ＰＴＮＣＳＥＰ）测量研究，２０例正常儿童为对照组，结果显示：患病组ＰＴＮＣＳＥＰ明显异常，两下肢间的ＰＴＮＣＳＥＰ有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；手术组患者手术后ＰＴＮＣＳＥＰ明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５），非手术组患者随访发现ＰＴ－ＮＣＳＥＰ无改善（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果表明：ＰＴＮＣＳＥＰ是一敏感、客观、可靠的诊断工具，可用来判断脊髓纵裂神经损害的程度及机理，评价手术效果，指导手术治疗     

脊髓纵裂手术前后胫后神经体感诱发电位分析

２０例脊髓纵裂患者手术前后进行了两下肢胫后神经皮层体感诱发电位（ＣＳＥＰ）检查，并选择了２０例正常人作为对照组，结果发现手术组与对照组ＣＳＥＰ有显著性差异，手术治疗后患者ＣＳＥＰ的Ｐ４０峰潜伏期及波幅明显改善，患者两下肢间的ＣＳＥＰ亦有明显差异。表明ＣＳＥＰ是一敏感、客观、可靠的诊断指标，可用来判断神经损害的程度，评价手术疗效。文中并讨论了神经缺陷的机理。     

咪唑安定对体感诱发电位的影响

目的：了解咪唑安定对体感诱发电位的影响。方法：选择３０例ＡＳＡＩ～Ⅱ级的脑外科手术病人，根据国际１０～２０系统，在Ｃ３或Ｃ４、ＦＰｚ（参考）和ＳＣ（第二颈椎棘突处）安放盘状记录电极，记录体感诱发电位。均分为三组按剂量（０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）静脉注射咪唑安定，连续观察皮层Ｎ２０、Ｐ２３和颈髓Ｎ１４电位的变化。结果：（１）用药后，皮层Ｎ２０和颈髓Ｎ１４电位的波幅降低，分别抑制到术前的６３．７５％和４８．７５％（Ｐ＜０．０５），苏醒后恢复到基础水平；（２）颈髓Ｎ１４、皮层Ｎ２０和Ｐ２３的潜伏期及中枢传导时间均无显著延长，（３）各剂量组间的ＳＥＰ变化无明显差别。结论：咪唑安定对ＳＥＰ一定程度的抑制作用临床意义不足，可用作ＳＥＰ监测时的静脉麻醉药。     

ERCP在腹腔镜胆囊切除围手术期的应用

目的 探讨内交易ＥＲＣＰ在腹腔镜胆囊切除围手术期的应用价值。方法 从１９９８年１月至１９９９年４月在１５００例ＬＣ病人中,有选择地进行术前３３例和术后２０例的ＥＲＣＰ及内镜治疗,包括ＥＳＴ,ＥＮＢＤ和网篮取石术。其指征为：近期有为发生或黄我,肝功能异常,碱性磷酸酶升高,Ｂ超或ＣＴ示胆总管扩张或有结石,术中造影有胆管结石,术后有临床症状。结果 在术前３３例ＥＲＣＰ中,除１例失败外,胆囊病变外的阳性发     

慢性颅内高压病人麻醉中与气管插管时的应激反应

目的 研究慢性颅内高压病人麻醉中与气管插管时的应激反应。方法 ４３例择期开颅手术病人。２５例慢性颅内高压（ＣＩＣＨＴ）１８例颅压正常（ＮＩＣＰ）。分别用荧光光度和放免法测定诱导前,诱导后,插管后,１,５,１０,１５,２５分钟血浆儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ：ＮＥ,Ｅ）和血清皮质醇（Ｃｏｒ）的水平,同时记录ＳＰ,ＤＰ,ＭＡＰ,ＨＲ及ＣＶＰ。结果 两组在插管时均有显著的心血管反应的持续时间明显短于ＮＩＣＰ组,且在插     

胸廓出口综合征的神经-肌电图诊断方法

目的介绍胸廓出口综合征（ｔｈｏｒａｃｉｃｏｕｔｌｅｔｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ,ＴＯＳ）的神经－肌电图诊断方法。方法对胸廓出口综合征病例,常规检测上肢肌电图（ＥＭＧ）,正中神经及尺神经运动传导速度（ＭＮＣＶ）,感觉神经动作电位（ＳＮＡＰ）和感觉传导速度（ＳＮＣＶ）,感觉神经干动作电位（ＮＡＰ）,Ｆ反应及前臂内侧皮神经ＳＮＡＰ。在运算数据时,进行双侧对比,并必须排除腕管综合征、肘管综合征或其它神经源性病变后,才能最后确诊为ＴＯＳ。结果用该法确诊为ＴＯＳ的４３例中有下述异常发现,（１）尺神经腋部以下的ＳＮＡＰ或ＮＡＰ消失,或两者波幅较健侧衰减２５％以上;（２）手内在肌有失神经改变;（３）Ｆ波消失或其潜伏期较健侧延长１ｍｓ以上;（４）前臂内侧皮神经的ＳＮＡＰ消失,或其波幅较健侧衰减２５％以上。结论神经－肌电图检测结果,凡出现上述发现中两项者,即可确诊为典型的下干型ＴＯＳ。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Comparison of University of Wisconsin and University of Pittsburgh solutions for heart transplantation

The effectiveness of University of Wisconsin (UW) and University of Pittsburgh (UP) solutions for the preservation of rat hearts was compared. Lewis rat hearts were preserved with UW (group A, n=45) or UP (group B, n=45) solution for 0 or 24 h and then transplanted heterotopically into the recipients' abdomen. Ten recipients in each group were observed to obtain 1-week graft survival rates. Tissue water content and tissue content of adenine nucleotides were measured 2 h after transplantation in six grafts from each group. Six hearts preserved for 0 h and seven hearts preserved for 24 h were taken from each group 24 h after grafting for histopathology. The 1-week graft survival rates of groups A24 and B24 were 60% and 10%, respectively. In the 24-h preserved grafts, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and energy charge [(ATP+adenosine diphosphate/2)/(ATP+adenosine diphosphate+adenosine monophosphate)] of groups A and B were 0.972±0.165 and 0.200±0.123 mg/g wet tissue (P<0.05) and 74.4% and 61.1% (P<0.05), respectively. The tissue water content of group A24 was 71.7%, whereas that of group B24 was 74.1% (P<0.05). Histopathology revealed more severe muscle edema and necrosis and infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in group B24 than in group A24. We conclude that UW solution is more appropriate for rat heart preservation than UP solution.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Long-term follow-up of callotasis lengthening of the capitate after resection of the lunate for the treatment of stage III lunate necrosis

The callotasis lengthening technique was used to gradually lengthen the capitate after resection of the lunate in stage IIIa necrosis in 23 patients. Results of ten patients with a follow-up of at least 5 years showed rapid and sufficient callus formation in every patient regardless of age. The callotasis lengthening modification of the Graner II operation provides all advantages and avoids the major inconvenience of the traditional Graner II operation. There was no increased rate of disturbed fracture healing. Results of the DTPA-gadolinium MRI study did not show any significant impairment of vascularization within the region of the capitate bone. With the “intrinsic bone formation,” contrary to every other intercarpal arthrodesis at the wrist, there is no need for an additional bone graft.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of rejection of a kindney allograft in the rat

Orthotopic DA (RT1^a) into Lewis (RT1¹) rat kidney allografts and control Lewis-into-Lewis grafts were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion measurement after intravenous injection of a superparamagnetic contrast agent. MRI anatomical scores (range 1–6) and perfusion rates were compared with graft histology (rank of rejection score 1–6). Not only acute rejection, but also chronic events were monitored after acute rejection was prevented by daily cyclosporine (Sandimmune) treatment during the first 2 weeks after transplantation. In acute allograft rejection (n=11), MRI scores reached the maximum value of 6 and perfusion rates were severely reduced within 5 days after transplantation; histology showed severe acute rejection (histologic score 5–6). In the chronic phase (100–130 days after transplantation), allografts (n=5) manifested rejection (in histology cellular rejection and vessel changes), accompanied by MRI scores of around 2–3 and reduced perfusion rates. Both in the acute and chronic phases, the MRI anatomical score correlated significantly with the histological score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r _s 0.89, n=30, P<0.01), and perfusion rates correlated significantly with the MRI score or histological score (r _s values between-0.60 and -0.87, n=23, P<0.01). It is concluded that MRI represents an interesting tool for assessing the anatomical and hemodynamical status of a kidney allograft in the acute and chronic phases after transplantation.     

Cost-effectiveness of three combinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Background. This study compares the cost-effectiveness of threecombinations of antiemetics in the prevention of postoperativenausea and vomiting (PONV). Methods. We conducted a prospective, double-blind study. NinetyASA I–II females, 18–65 yr, undergoing general anaesthesiafor major gynaecological surgery, with standardized postoperativeanalgesia (intrathecal 0.2 mg plus i.v. PCA morphine), wererandomly assigned to receive: ondansetron 4 mg plus droperidol1.25 mg after induction and droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group1); dexamethasone 8 mg plus droperidol 1.25 mg after inductionand droperidol 1.25 mg 12 h later (Group 2); ondansetron 4 mgplus dexamethasone 8 mg after induction and placebo 12 h later(Group 3). A decision analysis tree was used to divide eachgroup into nine mutually exclusive subgroups, depending on theincidence of PONV, need for rescue therapy, side effects andtheir treatment. Direct cost and probabilities were calculatedfor each subgroup, then a cost-effectiveness analysis was conductedfrom the hospital point of view. Results. Groups 1 and 3 were more effective (80 and 70%) thanGroup 2 (40%, P=0.004) in preventing PONV but also more expensive.Compared with Group 2, the incremental cost per extra patientwithout PONV was €6.99 (95% CI, –1.26 to 36.57) forGroup 1 and €13.55 (95% CI, 0.89–132.90) for Group3. Conclusion. Ondansetron+droperidol is cheaper and at least aseffective as ondansetron+ dexamethasone, and it is more effectivethan dexamethasone+droperidol with a reasonable extra cost. Br J Anaesth 2003; 91: 589–92     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.