老年结肠黑变病2例

例1女，63岁。便秘15年。长期口服泻剂，大便每周一次。纤维结肠镜见直肠至盲肠粘膜下广泛变黑呈虎皮状。肠镜诊断：结肠黑变病。病理报告：结肠粘膜固有层中有大量黑色素沉着。诊断为结肠黑变病。     

结肠黑变病34例临床分析

结肠黑变病（Melanosiscoli，MC）是一种原因未明的以大肠粘膜色素沉着为特征的病变，以往认为在我国属少见病，发病率约为0．5—1．4％，近年来随着肠镜的广泛应用，本病的检出率逐渐增加，表明该病并非少见。我院2003年5月-2008年5月行结肠镜1860例，共检出结肠黑变病34例，发病率约1．83％。现报告如下：     

结肠黑变病内镜资料分析

结肠黑变病 (ｍｅｌａｎｏｓｉｓｃｏｌｉ,ＭＣ)是指结肠固有膜内巨噬细胞含有脂褐素物质的一种黏膜色素沉着性病变。随着大肠镜技术的广泛应用 ,本病在我国人群中检出率日渐增多。 1995年 5月至多 2 0 0 1年 9月 ,我院 6 12 4例大肠镜检查中检出大肠黑变病 80例 ,检出率 1.31%     

大肠黑变病63例内镜特征与病因探讨

目的探讨大肠黑变病的病因、内镜特征与发病率上升的原因。方法回顾性分析63例大肠黑便病患者的内镜检查资料。结果4825例常规大肠镜检查患者中发现大肠黑变病63例,其中病理证实45例。结论大肠黑变病主要由慢性便秘长期口服葸醌类泻剂引起,病变肠断多集中于近端结肠,偶累及全结肠。     

结肠黑变病12例分析

结肠黑变病(melanosis coli,MC)是指结肠粘膜固有层内巨噬细胞含有脂褐素样物质的一种粘膜色素沉着性病变.     

结、直肠黑变病的诊断与治疗

结、直肠黑变病是一种少见病．但近年来随着人民生活水平的提高．高蛋白，高脂肪饮食增加，纤维素摄入不足，该病的发病率有增高趋势。该病患者大肠粘膜的色素沉着可分为Ⅲ度：Ⅰ度浅褐色，类似豹皮；Ⅱ度暗黑褐色：Ⅲ度深黑褐色。组织学检查见粘膜固有层内有大量含色素颗粒的巨噬细胞或散在的色素颗粒。电镜见巨噬细胞的数量及体积显著增加，胞质内含大量脂褐素，系次级溶酶体一类，形态及电子致密度不一。在周围的结缔组织中及肠壁神经丛的无髓神经纤维周围可见大量色素颗粒及巨噬细胞片断。患者多有腹痛、腹胀及排粪困难。并且结直肠黑变病患者大肠癌及息肉的发生率高，而息内及肿瘤无色素沉着。少数患者可出现低钾、低钙、低钠和假性肠狭窄而误行剖腹术。引起该病的病因与长期滥用蒽醌类泻剂有关。并且直肠前突、直肠内套叠、耻骨直肠肌综合征等也是引起结、直肠黑变病的重要原因．祛除了致黑变病的因素．避免泻剂的长期滥用等，可使黑变病得以减轻甚至消逝，并有可能减少部分大肠新生物的发生。     

大肠黑变病60例临床及内镜资料分析

大肠黑变病（MC）是指结肠固有膜内巨噬细胞含有脂褐素样物质的一种黏膜色素沉着性病变。1852年Billiard首先描述了结肠黏膜的黑色素沉着现象,     

96例大肠黑变病的临床观察与研究

目的:通过大肠镜检查,观察与研究大肠黑变病的病变情况及病因探讨。方法:用Olyrnpus公司生产的电子肠镜对2003年1月至2007年3月期间在三家医院行肠镜检查患者进行全大肠检查,发现大肠黑变病病灶均取活检,做病理组织学诊断分析。结果:在9863例常规大肠镜检查患者中发现118例大肠黑变病,其中96例获得病例报告证实。结论:大肠黑变病的病因首先是便秘,其次是使用导泻剂;发病年龄有提前趋势,也许与患者自行使用导泻剂有关;该病主要发病肠段是盲肠、横结肠、降结肠和乙状结肠,但近年全大肠黑变病患者例数增加,亦考虑与患者自行使用导泻剂相关;还会伴发其他肠道疾病,并且有贫血、营养不良、恶变的可能。     

大肠黑变病17例分析

肠黑变病是以结肠粘膜色素沉着为特征的非炎症性良性可逆性疾病。近几年来，随着结肠镜的广泛应用，该病的人群检出率呈明显上升趋势，一些文献报道大肠黑变病是大肠癌的一种危险因素，该病逐渐引起关注，现就我院从2000年-2005年结肠镜下发现的17例报告如下：[第一段]     

结肠黑变病20例分析

结肠黑变病是结肠固有膜内巨噬细胞含有脂褐素样物质的一种粘膜色素沉着性病变，以往临床报告较少。目前，随着结肠镜检查的广泛开展，其检出率不断增高。现将我们诊断的20例报告如下。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.