探讨肝癌肝外供血的形成规律及介入治疗

目的探讨肝癌的肝外动脉供血规律,插管技术,旨在指导介入治疗。方法分析46例肝癌患者54条肝外动脉供血的特征,对肝外动脉供血支超选插管,并行动脉化疗栓塞术。结果肝外动脉供血与肿瘤部位、大小密切相关;RH、Cobra导管配合SP导管使用,肝外动脉供血支插管成功率为81%。4~6周复查,CT显示肿瘤缩小,碘油沉积致密完全。结论肝癌可有丰富的肝外动脉供血,明确肝癌肝外动脉供血的形成机制对临床准确和彻底阻断肝癌的动脉供血,提高肝癌介入治疗的效果具有重要的意义。     

大鼠肝癌门静脉血供的观察

分别经肝动脉和门静脉注射５１Ｃｒ－蛙红细胞及１２５Ｉ－碘化油，测定其在大鼠肝癌和肝组织中的放射性分布，证实了肝癌主要由肝动脉供血．门静脉在肝癌周边部位参与血供。肝动脉栓塞后肝癌内门静脉血供增加，肿瘤周边部位可见碘化油残留。     

TACE����PCV/E���ڸΰ����ƵĽ�չ

近年来在我国应用肝动脉化疗栓塞 (ｔｒａｎｓａｒｔｅｒｉａｌｃｈｅｍｏｅｍｂｏｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ,ＴＡＣＥ)联合门静脉化疗或化疗栓塞 (ｐｏｒｔａｌｖｅｉｎｃｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒａｐｙｏｒｃｈｅｍｏｅｍｂｏｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ,ＰＶＣ/Ｅ)治疗肝癌的报道较多 ,并显示较好疗效 ,而国外此类报道尚少。本文介绍该方法的治疗进展。1　ＴＡＣＥ联合ＰＶＣ/Ｅ的优点肝癌存在肝动脉及门静脉的双重血供 ,其中心部分以肝动脉供血为主 ,周边部分主要由门静脉供血 ,肝动脉系统与门静脉系统之间存在广泛的交通支 ,肝动脉栓塞后肿瘤可以从门静脉系统…     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型在介入治疗中的价值.方法 对42例原发性肝癌病人介入治疗前行螺旋CT增强扫描,利用选择性容积重建后处理技术建立仿真肝癌模型,观察仿真肝癌模型对肿瘤供血动脉、动静脉瘘和门脉癌栓的显示,并以此进行插管治疗,记录插管时间.结果 42例病人多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝癌供血动脉及其走行的显示有很好的一致性,其中肝动脉解剖变异5例,膈动脉参与血供3例,胃左动脉参与血供2例,肋间动脉参与血供2例,肾上腺下动脉参与供血2例;多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型和DSA对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓的显示无差别(P>0.05);TACE插管时间较常规缩短.结论 多层螺旋CT仿真肝癌模型可清晰显示肿瘤血管及其走行,用于指导肝癌TACE治疗,可明显缩短插管和手术时间,获得较完全的栓塞,具有较大的临床价值.     

Vascularization of small liver metastases

The portal vein contributes little to the blood supply of established liver metastases in the presence of a patent hepatic artery. However, its role in the perfusion of early metastatic liver disease remains controversial. We have quantified the relative contribution of the portal vein and hepatic artery to the internal circulation of small liver tumours. These studies were conducted in a new rat model of liver metastases generated by the intraportal injection of cultured tumour spheroids. A total of 633 lesions were studied in 18 animals using radioisotope tracer microspheres. Nodules ranged from 0.5 to 6.0 mm in diameter, 92 per cent being 3.0 mm or less. The ratio of radioactivity in tumour compared with normal tissue (T:N ratio) was determined after simultaneously injecting microspheres into the portal and arterial circulation of each animal. The mean hepatic artery T:N ratio was significantly greater than that of the portal vein for all tumour sizes studied (P less than 0.01). Nodules 0.5 mm in diameter had a mean (s.e.m.) hepatic artery T:N ratio of 1.50 (0.12) in comparison with a mean portal vein ratio of 0.13 (0.04). Tumour nodules 2.0 mm in diameter had a mean (s.e.m.) hepatic artery T:N ratio of 1.26 (0.11) in comparison with a mean portal vein ratio of 0.06 (0.01). The overall T:N ratio for both routes decreased with increasing tumour size. These results indicate that hepatic tumours as small as 0.5 mm already have an established internal vasculature perfused predominantly by the hepatic artery. In contrast, the portal vein contributes insignificantly to the internal perfusion of these lesions. These results have significant implications for adjuvant locoregional therapy in gastrointestinal cancer.     

保留半肝动脉血供肝血流安全阻断时限的研究

目的：探讨门静脉自然转流及非转流情况下保留半肝动脉血供肝血流阻断的安全时限。方法：将实验大鼠分为A、B、C组。A组保留肝左、肝中动脉血供及尾状叶动脉、门静脉血供（约占全肝5％）,夹闭肝左、肝中0tl＇]静脉,结扎肝右叶肝蒂,到预定阻断时相点,恢复肝脏灌流,切除肝右叶及尾状叶,24h后检测ALT、肝脏HE染色（细胞核）BSJI~面积的平均百分数及术后7d存活率。B组不保留尾状叶动脉、门静脉血供,其他与A组相同。C组完全阻断肝脏入肝血流,肝切除方式及检测指标与A组相同。结果：在A、B、C3组中,A组的阻断形式对肝脏的损害最轻,B组次之,C组最重。A/100、B／40与C／20损害程度相当。结论：大鼠门静脉转流下保留半肝动脉血供入肝曲流阻断的安全时限是100min,单纯保留半肝动脉血供入肝血流阻断组的安全时限是40min。     

Experimental study of partial arterialization of the portal vein on the dearterialized liver

The influence of hepatic arterial obstruction on the hepatic circulation and tissue metabolism was studied between animals with and without partial arterialization of the portal vein. Mongrel dogs were divided into these groups: a group in which the collaterals to the liver were obstructed and the hepatic artery was dissected (hepatic artery ligated group); two groups in which an extracorporeal femoral artery-portal vein shunt was produced, and blood was sent by a Biopump at a rate of 100 or 200 ml/min (100 ml/min and 200 ml/min portal arterialized groups). The hepatic artery ligated group showed CO2 accumulation and acidosis in hepatic venous blood, reduction of oxygen supply, increase of oxygen consumption and marked increase of GOT and GPT. In the portal arterialized groups, sufficient oxygenation of portal blood was noted, and the oxygen demand and supply and tissue metabolism were kept approximately normal. The optimum flow rate for partial arterialization of the portal vein seemed to be 100 ml/min. At the flow rate of 200 ml/min, the original portal blood was reduced, leading to portal hypertension and increase of GOT and GPT. These results indicate that partial arterialization of the portal vein effectively preserves the liver function during the operation and in the early period after dissection of the hepatic artery.     

间接门静脉造影判断肝血管瘤血供来源

探讨间接门静脉造影对判断肝血管瘤血供来源的临床价值。方法78例经临床和影像学资料证实的肝血管瘤患者,其中56例经肠系膜上动脉行间接门静脉造影,观察造影表现及对肿瘤供血情况,所有患者经动脉途径进行栓塞治疗,术后2～3个月CT、B超随访观察疗效。结果间接门静脉造影示门静脉显影清晰,未见异常扩张、畸形,且均未见向肿瘤供血;部分患者门静脉造影实质期瘤体呈低密度充盈缺损区,瘤体大者门静脉分支被推移。所有肝血管瘤都由肝动脉供血,栓塞术后随访有效率达84.6%。结论间接门静脉造影能在生理状态下对肝血管瘤患者门静脉进行观察,可为判断肝血管瘤血供来源及决定栓塞治疗方案提供帮助。     

Development of an in Situ Isolated Porcine Liver Perfusion Model for Tightly Controlled Physiologic and Pharmacologic Studies

Several types of isolated perfused porcine liver models have been proposed for the study of hepatic assist, preservation injury, and specific physiologic or pharmacologic mechanisms. The development of a more general in situ isolated perfused model applicable to a broad range of studies is presented. This model eliminates or minimizes the shortcomings of previous models including ischemic injury prior to perfusion, limited range of vascular pressures and flows, nonphysiologic sources of portal and hepatic artery perfusion, and coupling of the liver to uncontrolled whole-body homeostatic mechanisms. Essentially the model as presented can be described as an autologous transplanted liver without preservation or ischemic injury, functioning within an adrenalectomized, cardiac output and temperature-controlled animal. Independent control of the dual hepatic vascular supply is maintained with pulsatile perfusion of the hepatic artery from the left atrium and nonpulsatile perfusion of the portal vein via the portal system. Oxygenators are not required. Hepatic vein pressure can be controlled independently of hepatic blood flow and systemic hemodynamics. Pharmacologic studies are not restricted to drugs whose termination of action is limited to hepatic metabolism because normal routes of drug redistribution, metabolism, and excretion are present. The model exhibits normal oxygen metabolism and classic control of hepatic artery resistance by portal vein blood flow. There are rather obvious significant advantages inherent in this model for tightly controlled hepatic physiologic and pharmacologic studies.     

肝癌肝外动脉供血的形成机制与介入治疗的研究

目的研究肝癌肝外动脉供血的形成机制 ,旨在指导介入治疗。方法 10 38例肝癌经动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)前常规腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉造影 ,对癌灶临近膈肌的 10 2例加作选择性膈下动脉造影 ,分析肝癌肝外动脉供血特征。结果 14 7例肝外动脉供血来源于膈下及右肾上腺动脉 5 4例 (36 7% ) ,胃十二指肠及网膜动脉 5 0例 (34 0 % ) ,胃左动脉 2 2例 (15 0 % ) ,胰十二指肠动脉弓 18例 (12 2 % ) ,结肠右动脉 3例 (2 1% )。其中 ,97例为肝癌本身固有的寄生性供血(6 6 0 % ) ,37例为TACE后肝动脉闭塞所致的肝外侧枝循环 (2 5 2 % ) ,其余为肝切缘网膜粘附供血(8 8% )。肝外动脉供血与癌灶的部位和大小密切相关 ,肝外供血支的插管成功率为 82 3%。结论明确肝癌肝外动脉供血的形成机制对临床准确和彻底阻断肝癌多动脉供血 ,提高肝癌介入治疗的效果具有重要的意义。     

选择性肝血流双相化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌

为提高中晚期肝癌的治疗效果。方法 １９９３年１０月－１９９５年４月采取选择性化疗栓塞治疗手术无法切除的中晚期肝癌２８例,其中肝动脉及门静脉栓塞１３例,肝动脉栓塞,门静脉化疗１５例。结果 １,２,３年生存率分别为６４．３％,２８．６％,３．６％。结论选择性肝动脉门静脉化疗栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌是一种可供选择的有效方法。     

Beneficial effects of arterialization of the portal vein on extended hepatectomy

BACKGROUND: Extended hepatectomy may result in postoperative liver failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of arterialization of the portal vein on oxygen supply, hepatic energy metabolism and liver regeneration after extended hepatectomy. METHODS: Portal haemodynamics were evaluated 0 or 10 days after arterialization of the portal vein in three experimental groups: 85 per cent partial hepatectomy, 85 per cent partial hepatectomy 10 days after arterialization of the portal vein and 85 per cent partial hepatectomy 10 days after ligation of the hepatic artery. Survival rates, weight of the regenerating liver, levels of adenine nucleotides and hepatic energy charge were assessed. RESULTS: Arterialization of the portal vein caused a significant increase in partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation. Portal blood flow 10 days after arterialization was significantly increased. Survival rate and weight of the regenerating liver in the group with arterialization of the portal vein were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. The group with arterialization of the portal vein showed the highest levels of adenosine 5'-triphosphate. CONCLUSION: The increase in portal blood flow and oxygen supply produced by arterialization of the portal vein has beneficial effects on hepatic energy metabolism and liver regeneration, and leads to improved survival after experimental extended hepatectomy.     

彩色多普勒超声评价支架植入术治疗移植肝血管狭窄

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流显像技术（CDFI）在移植肝血管狭窄支架植入术疗效评估中的价值。方法13例肝动脉狭窄,1例门静脉狭窄,2例肝静脉狭窄。于支架植入术前、后行CDFI检查并每隔3～4个月随访复查,取多普勒参数肝内动脉血流阻力指数和加速度、门静脉吻合口管径及其两端血流速度比值、肝静脉狭窄处管径及肝静脉和下腔静脉肝下段血流频谱进行统计学分析。结果肝动脉狭窄者支架植入术后RI升高,SAT缩短,治疗前后差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。门静脉和肝静脉狭窄者支架植入术后狭窄段管径增宽,植入的支架呈并行相间的线样强回声,门静脉吻合口两端血流速度梯度下降,肝静脉和下腔静脉肝下段血流频谱由术前的平坦波恢复为两相或三相波。结论CDFI检查是评价移植肝血管狭窄支架植入术疗效的可靠方法。