经导管介入治疗婴幼儿大型动脉导管未闭临床疗效

目的探讨应用导管介入治疗直径≥5mm婴幼儿大型动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus．PDA）的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析60例大型PDA（直径≥5mm）患儿的临床资料,着重分析手术方法、临床疗效和随访结果。结果56例PDA采用Amplatzer或国产先健动脉导管封堵器．3例采用膜部室间隔缺损封堵器,1例采用肌部室间隔缺损封堵器。封堵成功率为98．3％（59／60）,术后1d超声心动图显示15％（9／60）微量至少量残余分流,术后3月超声心动图复查未见残余分流：3例采用室间隔缺损封堵器患儿术后12月超声心动图示左肺动脉血流速度增快。结论应用导管介入治疗直径≥5mm婴幼儿大型PDA是安全、有效的方法。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥8mm动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭 （PDA）并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 2 6 .4± 2 3.2 （4.0～ 6 0 .0 ）岁。 PDA最窄处直径为 10 .2± 2 .3（8.0～ 15 .0 ） mm。封堵 10 m in后行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :47例 PDA采用Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,2例采用 Amplatzer ASD封堵器治疗 ,1例 PDA伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 min降主动脉造影显示 ,19例存在微～少量残余分流 ,30例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗直径≥ 8mm的大型动脉导管未闭是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭169例的随访结果

目的 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）术后随访。方法 :全组 16 9例。PDA最窄处直径为 4 .7± 3.8（2 .0～ 13.0 ） mm。封堵后 10 min行降主动脉造影 ,术后 2 4 h及 1,3,6月 ,1年行超声心动图检查随访。结果 :16 6例 PDA采用 Amplatzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,3例采用 Am platzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。 1例 PDA术中证实伴有阻力性肺动脉高压未行介入治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影示 ,5 4例存在微～少量残余分流 ,114例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4 h13例存在微～少量残余分流 ,余超声心动图未见残余分流及再通。 1例封堵术后 10h并发溶血 ,4 8h后行外科 PDA缝合术。术后 1月超声心动图检查 5例存在少量残余分流 ,术后 3月 4例存在少量残余分流 ,6月及 1年 3例存在少量残余分流 ,最后行 PFM弹簧圈治疗未再见残余分流。无并发症发生。结论 :应用 Am platzer封堵器治疗 PDA是一种安全有效的介入方法     

房间隔缺损封堵器封堵巨大动脉导管未闭后发生机械性溶血二例

动脉导管未闭(PDA)是一种常见的先天性心脏病,经导管封堵治疗已广泛应用于临床。Amplatzer封堵器可用于封堵各种类型PDA,效果佳、创伤小、安全性高。直径≥10 mm的巨大PDA术后易发生溶血、残余分流、封堵器脱落和封堵器脱位等严重并发症[1]。常规PDA封堵器最大直径为20 mm,若需更大直径的封堵器,多选择房间隔缺损封堵器(ASO)或肌部室间隔封堵器。中南大学湘雅二医院2011年     

第二代Amplatzer动脉导管未闭封堵器介入治疗小儿先天性心脏病

目的总结第二代Amplatzer动脉导管未闭封堵器(amplatzer duct occluderⅡ,ADO-Ⅱ)介入治疗小儿先天性心脏病的疗效和经验。方法对湖南省儿童医院2014年1月至2015年6月采用ADO-Ⅱ进行封堵的24例先天性心脏病患儿临床资料进行总结。其中动脉导管未闭18例、室间隔缺损(肌部)2例以及冠状动脉瘘4例。术前经临床以及经胸超声心动图筛选,术中心导管造影结合经胸超声心动图及术后即刻和随访,观察术后残余分流、封堵器位置以及并发症。结果 16例动脉导管未闭即刻封堵成功,无残余分流,无并发症;2例动脉导管未闭即刻封堵时有少许残余分流,无其他并发症。3例冠状动脉瘘封堵器无残余分流,1例冠状动脉瘘封堵处术后1个月少许线样分流。2例室间隔缺损均即刻封堵成功,无残余分流,心电图未见明显房室传导阻滞。结论 ADO-Ⅱ封堵器以其操作相对简便、成功率高以及并发症少的优点,在把握适应证的前提下值得临床推广。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭开胸术后再通的疗效评价

目的 :应用 Am platzer封堵器经导管治疗动脉导管未闭 （PDA）开胸术后再通并对其疗效进行评价。方法 :全组10例 ,年龄 11± 8（4～ 32 ）岁。PDA最窄处直径为 4± 4（2～ 13） mm。封堵后 10 m in行侧位降主动脉造影 ,术后 1d及 1月行超声心动图检查 ,观察有无残余分流及 PDA再通。结果 :9例 PDA采用 Am platzer PDA封堵器治疗 ,1例采用 Amplatzer房间隔缺损封堵器治疗。术后 10 m in降主动脉造影显示 ,3例存在微量～少量残余分流 ,7例封堵完全无残余分流。术后 2 4h、术后 1月超声心动图均未见残余分流及再通。结论 :应用 Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭外科术后再通是一种安全有效的介入方法。     

介入治疗先天性心脏病疗效评价

目的 探讨应用封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)、房间隔缺损(ASD)及室间隔缺损(VSD)方法 并评价其初步疗效.方法31例患者(PDA 12例、ASD 16例、VSD 3例)均在X线透视、造影和经胸超声心动图监测下经导管置入封堵器治疗PDA、ASD及VSD.结果 全组技术成功率100%.术后即刻有少量和微量残余分流者分别为3例和2例,24 h、1个月和6个月经胸超声心动图随访检查,残余分流消失.术后完全封堵率100%.结论 经导管置入国产封堵器是一种操作简便、技术成功率高、疗效可靠的PDA、ASD和VSD的介入治疗方法.     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭的即刻及短期疗效观察

目的:探讨应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性动脉导管未闭(PDA)的疗效。方法:5例FPA患者,男2例,女3例,年龄6～27(平均18.40±7.23)岁;经临床、X线、超声心动图及造影证实为PDA。测量PDA最窄处内径,选择合适的输送鞘及封堵器,封堵缺损处。术后即刻听诊杂音及24小时后作超声心动图复查以评价疗效。结果:造影测量PDA最窄直径为4～7(5.20±1.16)mm,选择封堵器直径为8～18(12.80±3.25)mm.手术全部获得成功。4例杂音完全消失,复查超声心动图亦未见分流:1例存留不足2-级的收缩期杂音,术后超声心动图见微量残存分流,1月后复查残存分流消失。结论:Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭安全、有效,创伤小,可避免开胸治疗。     

关于婴幼儿动脉导管未闭介入治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨Amplatzer法介入封堵治疗婴幼儿动脉导管未闭（PDA）的经验，治疗意义，操作技术及安全性。方法：回顾性分析32例婴幼儿PDA患儿资料，患儿年龄≤3岁，平均（13±5．5）月，体重（10．3±4．2）kg；做右心导管，实行封堵术，术后24h，1、3、6、12月复查超声心动图。结果：32例患儿中29例（90．6％）封堵成功，PDA最窄处直径（4．2±2．1）mm。失败者2例为PDA封堵器主动脉侧过大，导致降主动脉局部狭窄、迂曲变形而放弃封堵，1例封堵术后封堵器周围大量残余分流，行外科手术治疗。并发症包括术后残余分流、股动脉搏动减弱及伤口出血等。结论：在严格选择适应证的条件下，介入封堵婴幼儿动脉导管未闭较为安全，可行。     

动脉导管未闭封堵器在室间隔缺损介入治疗中的应用研究

目的探讨应用动脉导管未闭封堵器治疗室间隔缺损的疗效和安全性。方法分析我院2006年2月—2009年2月应用动脉导管未闭封堵器对27例室间隔缺损患者进行介入治疗的临床资料。结果 27例患者全部封堵成功;术后24h复查,经胸超声心动图显示11例存在少量残余分流,术后1个月复查显示11例残余分流消失;术后心电图显示3例有偶发房性期前收缩,27例均未发生室性心律失常、束支传导阻滞及房室传导阻滞。术后随访3、6、12个月结果显示,右心室流出道流速降低,未发生右室流出道梗阻,左心室舒张末内径下降。结论在管状室间隔缺损介入治疗中应用动脉导管未闭封堵器是安全、有效和可行的。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.