Causes and effects of road traffic accidents in Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia the motor vehicle is the main means of transportation. Between 1971 and 1997; 564,762 people died or were injured in road traffic accidents, a figure equivalent to 3.5% of the total population in Saudi Arabia. During this period 66,914 people have died on the roads in Saudi Arabia due to road accidents, amounting to one person killed and four injured every hour. Over 65% of accidents occur because of vehicles travelling at excess speed and/or drivers disobeying traffic signals. Of deaths in Ministry of Health hospitals, 81% are due to road traffic accidents and 20% of their beds are occupied by traffic accidents victims. Also, 79.2% of patients admitted to Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital with spinal injuries has sustained their injuries as a result of a motor vehicle accident. We recommend compulsory use of safety seat belts in vehicles and the setting up of a new database to collect, store and analyse information relating to the road traffic accidents.     

Socioeconomic differences in road traffic injuries during childhood and youth: a closer look at different kinds of road user

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate if there are socioeconomic differences in road traffic injuries among Swedish children and adolescents, and if this applies to the same extent to all categories of road users. To assess the modification effect of gender of child. DESIGN: A closed population-based cohort study based on the Swedish Population and Housing Census of 1985. Individual census records are linked to Sweden's National Hospital Discharge Register (1987-1994). SETTING AND SUBJECTS: All children aged 0-15 years in 1985 (approximately 1.5 million subjects) were monitored for five categories of road traffic injuries over eight years, and divided into seven socioeconomic groups on the basis of parental socioeconomic status. Odds ratios and population attributable risks were computed using the children of intermediate and high level salaried employees as reference group. MAIN RESULTS: The injury risks of pedestrians and bicyclists are 20% to 30% higher among the children of manual workers than those of intermediate and high level salaried employees. Socioeconomic differences are greatest for injuries involving motorised vehicles-that is, moped, motorcycle and car. If all children had the same rate as children in the reference group, the rate for all groups would be 25% lower for moped riders and 37% lower for car drivers. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic differences in road traffic injuries are substantial for both boys and girls. Socioeconomic injury-risk differentials increase when young people use motorised vehicles.     

2006—2009年上海市自卸货车及全市交通事故特征分析

目的了解上海市2006—2009年自卸货车道路交通事故的特点,为重型货车道路交通伤害预防提供理论依据。方法分析上海市交警部门提供的全市道路交通伤害数据以及自卸货车道路交通伤害数据。结果 2006—2009年期间全市道路交通事故数以2006年最高,为6588次,2007年后逐步下降,分别为3952次、2745次和2831次,而同期自卸货车道路交通事故数呈现U型趋势,分别为177次、99次、86次和147次。自卸货车事故性质较为严重,98.1%的事故均有人员伤亡。全市道路交通事故一般以二三季度发生较多,且时间段集中在12—18时之间,而自卸货车以二季度发生较多,时间段集中在上午6—12时或12—18时两个时间段。无论是全市还是自卸货车道路交通事故均以年轻驾驶员为主。全市和自卸货车道路交通事故的首要责任认定均为机动车违法,分别占63.8%和73.0%,碰撞特点前3位均为侧面相撞(全市53.0%、自卸53.0%)、正面相撞(全市20.7%、自卸17.3%)和尾随相撞(全市8.8%、自卸8.1%)。结论自卸货车的交通伤害性质严重,必须从人、车、路3方面入手,采取综合性的干预措施才能有效地降低交通伤害的发生和死亡。     

Road-traffic-related mortality in Iran: a descriptive study

Road traffic accidents are considered to be the second highest cause of mortality in Iran. A study was conducted to describe road-traffic-related mortality data in Iran in a given period. All Iranian mortality data on road traffic accidents between March 1999 and 2000 (one complete Iranian calendar year) were obtained. The main variables studied were deceased's gender, age, education level, status (i.e. driver, car occupant, etc.), cause and place of death. A total of 15?482 individuals died from road traffic accidents in Iran in the study period. A disproportionate number of deceased individuals were male (79%), mostly aged 40 years or less (65%), and who were pedestrians or car occupants (62%). Head injury was the most common cause of road-traffic-related mortality (66%) in males and females of all ages. Following road traffic accidents, 57% of deaths occurred pre-hospital. Head injury is the most common single cause of mortality attributable to road traffic accidents in Iran, and since most deaths occur pre-hospital, it seems many are preventable. To overcome this major public health problem, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive injury control policy and strategy in Iran.     

上海市2013-2015年重特大交通事故及其伤亡信息的流行特征分析

目的 分析上海市2013-2015年重特大交通事故及其伤亡信息的流行特征,为开展道路交通伤害预防提供依据。方法 系统抽取上海市交警2013-2015年重特大道路交通事故信息,分析其主要事故原因、伤亡人员主要交通方式和临床特征。利用ArcMap 10.1软件分析交通事故面数据的全局和局部空间自相关,探索事故的空间聚集特征。结果 上海市2013-2015年重特大交通事故抽样数据共224起,伤亡人员258人,直接财产损失共计196.14万元。人员伤亡以上午时段（6:00~12:00）为主,占43.41%;事故认定原因以机动车违法为主,占56.98%;受伤人群以电动自行车骑乘人员为主,占33.33%;人群伤亡临床特征以头部损伤为主,总计占65.89%。交通事故空间分析显示,事故高发区域和人群伤亡区域主要聚集于本市西部地区与外省市交汇处国道附近,在本市东部地区人口相对较少的区域也呈现事故聚集。结论 道路交通事故的发生涉及到人、车、环境和道路;探测道路交通安全的重点区域和人群,开展有针对性的干预措施,有助于降低道路交通伤害的发生。     

2004-2009年上海市虹口区车祸死亡分析

目的了解2004-2009年上海市虹口区车祸的死亡情况,为预防道路交通伤害提供依据。方法根据上海市虹口区全死因登记监测系统收集的车祸死亡资料,用描述性方法分析车祸死亡率、死亡人员职业构成、减寿人年数(PYLL)等。结果虹口区2004-2009年车祸死亡率为6.08/10万,占伤害总死亡的14.22%,居伤害死亡的第一位。男性车祸死亡率高于女性,且6年中上海市虹口区居民车祸死亡率呈波动趋势。行人的死亡占交通事故总死亡的37.15%。摩托车驾驶员的死亡率为16.19/10万,远高于非机动车人员及其他机动车驾驶员的死亡率。6年来,交通事故总的减寿年数为4785.00人年,减寿最严重的是小汽车碰撞车祸所引起的人员死亡。结论车祸死亡是可以采取相应措施加以控制的。     

Road traffic accidents in a Swedish municipality

A continuous all embracing registration of acute, in-patient and out-patient visits at hospitals and primary health care centres, was conducted in Skaraborg County in western Sweden. A special focus was directed at accident cases which account for 20% of the total number of acute visits. The accidents were divided up by environment: home, work, traffic and other. Cases of road traffic accidents have been mapped out in more detail with the help of standardised and structured surveys via telephone interviews, information from hospital records, and death certificates. This study aimed at achieving an increased understanding and knowledge about the accident pattern in the traffic environment in a municipality. Road traffic accidents accounted for 6.5% of all accidents. Cyclists, car drivers, car passengers and pedestrians were the most common victims. Children showed a high frequency of bicycle accidents. There was an increased risk of injury for young car-drivers. Thirty-six per cent were single-accidents. Cars and bicycles dominated among injury-inducing vehicles. Head, arm and knee injuries were most common. Twenty-six per cent of the victims were hospitalized. Safety devices were not used in 10% of cases where they should have been used according to legislation. A comparison of our registration system for road traffic accidents with the official statistics of Sweden reveals a substantial under-reporting of road traffic accidents in the latter. Consequently, a need exists for the surveillance of injuries by the public health services as a basis of injury control.     

道路交通事故致颅脑损伤住院患者影响因素的研究

目的分析并探讨交通事故致颅脑损伤住院患者的影响因素。方法采用现场调查的方法,调查分析2012年10月-2013年7月期间因道路交通伤入住3家综合性医院的住院患者的伤害发生情况。结果本研究共调查388例道路交通伤住院患者,平均年龄为（40．20±18．38）岁,男女性别比为2．15：1。19—64岁年龄段为交通伤的主要年龄段。在交通伤住院患者中,颅脑损伤患者共225例,占调查人数的58．O％,其中男性166名（73．8％）,女性59名（26．2％）。摩托车驾驶员为主要的道路使用者类型,其次为行人及摩托车乘客。患者平均年龄为（39．18±18．68）岁。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,性别、职业、道路使用者类型、交通控制方式为交通事故致颅脑损伤的危险因素。结论男性、军人、无业或退休人员、机动车驾驶员、标志标线的交通控制方式为交通事故致颅脑损伤的影响因素。     

Spatial Distribution of Road Traffic Accident at Hawassa City Administration,Ethiopia

BackgroundGlobally, road traffic accidents (RTAs) are the leading killer of young people and are projected to be the 7^th leading cause of death by 2030. This study is aimed at analyzing the spatial distribution of road traffic accident and identifying hotspot areas across Kebeles (smallest administrative division in Ethiopia) of Hawassa city administration in Ethiopia.MethodSecondary data on daily traffic accident record from October 2013 to June 2018 was obtained from Hawassa city administration police department. The spatial clustering and hotspots identification were carried through Moran''s I and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. Data analysis was conducted using GeoDa 1.16.0.0 and ArcGIS 10.2 softwares.ResultsDrivers within age group of 18–30 years, who were hired by private business owners and who had no driving license committed the highest number of traffic accidents. The majority of traffic accidents were caused due to careless driving, failure to give priority for pedestrian, high speed and driver failure to give priority for each other. In addition, about 82.01% of traffic accidents were recorded on asphalts road and 11.51% by gravel road. Spatial clustering of road traffic accidents for accidents occurred on gravel road and in sunny weather conditions found to be significant. Different hotspot areas were identified for gravel type of road and sunny weather condition.ConclusionThe concerned government bodies involved in policymaking are recommended to give special attention to young driver who were hired by private business owners. Interventions to mitigate the occurrence of traffic accident would take in to account the identified hotspot areas.     

桂林市机动车驾驶员道路交通伤害影响因素分析

目的探讨机动车驾驶员道路交通伤害(RTI)的影响因素,为预防和减少RTI的发生提供科学依据。方法通过广西省公安厅交警总队收集2000—2009年桂林市区的RTI数据,对机动车驾驶员RTI影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果 2000—2009年桂林市发生RTI共3603起,造成506人死亡,2 911人受伤,男女死亡比例为2.54∶1;RTI的伤亡主要发生在21～45岁青年;由机动车驾驶员造成的RTI共3 208起,占总数的89.04%;疲劳驾车(P=0.000,OR=4.280,95% CI=2.055～8.916)、超速行驶(P=0.000,OR=0.269,95% CI=0.125～0.578)、纵向间距不够(P=0.001,OR=1.606,95% CI=1.815～3.164)及违反交通信号(P=0.000,OR=2.118,95% CI=1.524～2.945)等4个因素进入多因素非条件Logistic回归分析模型。结论疲劳驾车、超速行驶、纵向间距不够及违反交通信号与RTI的发生密切相关。     

珠海市交通事故意外伤害人群分析

目的分析交通事故意外伤害人群特点,为健康教育提供参考.方法从珠海市公安交通警察支队获取近4 a的交通意外伤害资料,进行统计分析.结果在交通意外伤害中,男性的死伤百分比是女性的2～3倍;16～40岁之间的5个年龄组段,车祸死伤百分比较高,超过了10%;机动车司机死伤人员中,二轮摩拖车司机占的百分比最高;非机动车驾驶者死伤人员中,以骑自行车所占百分比最高;在交通事故中,马路上步行者比乘车者更易引起死亡;以外来工为主的外地人在交通事故中的死伤百分比和死伤率(每10万)均高于本地人.结论应根据珠海市交通事故死亡人员的人群特点有针对性的加强健康教育.     

The elderly and street safety: analysis of geographical differences in the province of Modena

The progressive ageing of the population and the increasing importance of road traffic in our society renders the relationships between elderly people and road traffic an increasingly important problem. In the province of Modena elderly people are not equally distributed over the area, in fact they are concentrated mainly in small towns situated in hill/mountain areas. This study aims to verify the risk conditions for elderly people in relation to road accidents in different areas in the province of Modena. The time-series analyses of road accidents involving elderly people, from 1991 to 1996, in the province of Modena were carried out on 2,291 cases out of 16,267 total accidents. The results of the analysis showed statistically significant differences for the ratio of fatalities according to the geographical area, divided into low plain, urban and hill/mountain areas (p = 0.015 urban and hill/mountain areas). No statistically significant differences were obtained for the division into small, medium and big towns, however such analysis indicated an increased risk for elderly people living in small towns, regardless of the means of transport involved in the accident (p = 0.052). The relationship between old people and road traffic seems to be worse in the small towns situated in hill/mountain areas, where there is a higher number of elderly people, and where the facilities probably have not adapted themselves to the social-cultural changes that take place.     

Deaths from injury and poisoning of children in Liverpool: a ten-year survey 1978-1987.

Deaths of children in Liverpool under 16 years of age from injury and poisoning were examined for the period 1978-1987: 174 deaths occurred during the 10-year period. The commonest causes of death were road traffic accidents: 103 cases (60%). Of these 87 were of pedestrians struck by vehicles. Many of these children were very young and were unsupervised, or poorly supervised by other children. Drivers of vehicles were largely responsible for the accidents in 20 cases. The ability of children to cope in various traffic situations is discussed and responsibilities of parents and drivers are considered in relation to matters of accident prevention.     

2005年湖北省中重度伤害住院患者伤害状况

目的了解湖北省中重度伤害住院患者的发生水平和分布特征,为制定全省伤害防制规划及全面开展伤害预防与控制工作提供科学依据。方法在全省随机抽取10个市、县,兼顾地理位置和农村、城市等经济类别。每个市、县随机选取一、二、三级医院各1家作为调查医院。凡2005年1月1日-12月31日期间因伤害住院者均为调查对象,填写统一的调查表。结果共报告病例9393例,男、女性别比为2．33：1。伤害的构成以18～44岁年龄段最高（50．38％）;职业分布中,以农牧渔水利业生产人员比例最高,其次为家务人员、生产运输操作人员和在校学生。伤害发生前3位依次为交通事故伤害（40．37％）、跌落坠落（26．82％）、中毒（7．70％）,导致骨折（40．26％）、挫伤与擦伤（19．58％）、脑震荡与脑戳裂伤（14．64％）;损伤部位以头部、下肢、上肢损伤为主,主要以非故意伤害（意外事故）为主,但女性自我伤害的比例高于男性。伤害导致住院时间短至1d,长至747d;平均每例伤害患者的住院费用为3914．16元,高达77．53％的患者是自费医疗。89．41％的患者经住院治疗后痊愈或好转出院,有1．32％的患者需转院治疗,1．09％的患者因伤害而导致死亡。结论2005年湖北省中重度伤害住院患者男性多于女性;年龄以中青年为主;伤害类型以交通事故为主。     

1999～2002年成都市道路交通事故的流行病学分析

目的 探讨道路交通事故的流行病学特征，为道路交通事故的预防和控制提供依据。方法 采用描述性研究方法进行描述和统计分析，事故时间分布采用圆形分布法分析，并计算事故死亡者的潜在减寿年数和平均减寿年数。结果 4年共发生交通事故22698起。事故发生率逐年递增；11月为高发月，9：03～22：07为事故高发时段；第一事故责任人中，男性是女性的11．26倍，且以20～39岁青壮年居多(73．01％)；事故主要原因中，人的因素是最主要的(97．76％)。其中最主要的是驾驶员(86．34％)，驾驶员驾龄不超过5a占66．62％；22698起事故中共死亡4479人。PYIL为126013，AYLL为28．13。结论 道路交通事故危害严重，应在人群中普及道路交通安全知识和法规。同时应该加强交通管理，完善道路交通设施，确保良好的交通环境。     

Epidemiologic study of traffic accidents occurring among the inhabitants of Algeria

An observation area was created in Algiers to improve both epidemiological knowledge of traffic accidents and the national information system. Carried out cooperatively by the police and the hospitals of the area, our cohort study revealed a high annual incidence (700 per 100,000) of traffic accidents among residents of Algiers. Children between 5 and 9, adolescents, young adults and people over 60 are the most vulnerable. Older persons and children are for the most part pedestrians. Fractures of lower limbs are relatively numerous and account for 10% of all registered injuries. Moreover, 92.1% of injuries, corresponding to the highest AIS in each part of the body affected, are either minor or moderate. The severity of injuries seems to be independent of age, sex and category (pedestrians, motorcyclists, etc.) of the road user. The ISS, which is correlated to the duration of hospital stay, gives much the same results. Only by linking the data from the different information sources can one perceive the various facets of the problem in an overall manner. However, even before accumulating highly refined data certain actions are manifestly urgent. One of them is an improved organization of traumatology in order to reduce lethality of injuries.     

25家综合性医院急诊伤害调查

目的 探讨急诊科伤害的流行特征。方法 有条件地选择全国25家综合性医院急诊科作为调查点,在2001年7月至2002年6月进行伤害现况调查,对急性损伤仅做抽样调查。结果全国25家医院抽样调查伤害病例共25 019例,占急诊总就诊量的17.46％。81.67％为意外伤害;男女性别比为2:1;15～34岁占50.63％;前3位伤害种类依次为意外的机械性损伤、运输事故、跌倒;前三位伤害的职业依次为工人、农民和学生;病死率为5.12‰,青壮年死亡人数占总死亡数的79.69％。首位死因是交通事故,占46.88％。进一步分析了机械性等损伤和11 151例中毒的特点。结论 建立以医院急诊科为基础的伤害监测,有其必要性、迫切性和可行性。     

2015—2019年宁波市海曙区道路交通伤害住院病例流行病学特征分析

[目的]分析宁波市海曙区道路交通伤害所致住院病例的流行病学特征,为相关部门采取有效防控措施提供依据.[方法]通过《宁波市住院伤害监测报告卡》收集海曙区2015—2019年报告的道路交通伤害所致住院病例,分析其流行病学特征和住院费用的影响因素.[结果]2015—2019年共报告道路交通伤害住院病例8 543例,其中男女性...     

2006—2010年乌鲁木齐市伤害监测结果分析

目的掌握乌鲁木齐市伤害的流行特征,为制订伤害预防与控制措施提供科学依据。方法在乌鲁木齐市选择三级甲等医院1家,二级医院2家,作为伤害监测哨点医院,所有在哨点医院就诊的首诊伤害患者为监测对象。结果伤害发生前5位原因依次为跌倒/坠落(38.92%),机动车车祸(18.11%),钝器伤(14.93%),刀/锐器伤(12.00%),其他(4.68%);伤害性质以挫伤/擦伤(40.43%)为主,其次为骨折(21.53%),和锐器伤/咬伤/开放伤(15.52%);伤害发生地点主要是公路/街道(30.28%),其次是家中(21.90%)和公共居住场所(21.29%);以休闲活动时发生伤害为主(62.54%);非故意伤害占81.70%;50.42%的伤害病例经治疗后回家,观察/住院和死亡分别占47.95%和0.29%。结论乌鲁木齐市0～14岁和65岁以上居民伤害以跌落为主,男性青壮年以交通事故伤害为主。提高中小学生和老年人的安全防范意识,完善交通安全管理,培养良好的交通安全行为是主要的预防措施。     

华东地区颅脑交通伤住院费用调查

目的:对华东地区颅脑交通伤住院患者的住院费用及相关影响因素进行分析,掌握颅脑交通伤住院患者的疾病负担。方法:整群抽取2004年华东地区颅脑创伤住院患者数据库中颅脑交通伤患者7 369例,用SPSS 15.0统计软件包分析。结果:7 369例患者住院费用平均16 158.90元,中位住院费用8 402.50元。日住院费用平均1 121.47元,中位日住院费用692.28元。COX回归模型显示省份、性别、居住状态、手术、GCS评分、费用支付方式、病房类型、年龄、医院级别、交通伤发生时间及多发伤都可能是造成颅脑交通伤患者住院费用高低的重要影响因素。结论:颅脑交通伤住院患者疾病负担重,加强对25～44岁以及高龄男性人群交通伤害的健康教育以及0时—7时的交通伤救护,可有效减低颅脑交通伤患者的住院费用。