30例重症SARS的影像学表现

目的：探讨重型严重呼吸综合征(SARS)的影像学表现。方法：回顾性分析临床确诊的30例重症SARS患的影像学资料，并进行分析。结果：30例重症SARS病人，占发病总数的29．3％，影像表现为肺纹理增多(占66．6％)；肺部实质性渗出影(100％)；弥漫性病变(20％)；实质间质混合渗出(40％)；双肺受累。30例中死亡7例，15例出院1．2m后做螺旋CT检查，5例完全恢复正常；8例见斑片状密度增高影；2例已出现部分纤维化。结论：大范围肺实变、弥漫性病变、双肺受累、病变进展快、病变吸收缓慢是诊断重症SARS的主要X线及CT表现。     

SARS流行期间肺炎患者的临床表现和胸部影像变化的探讨

目的 探讨SARS流行期间肺炎患者的临床表现和胸部影像变化特点。方法 对76例SARS流行期间发热留观室收治的肺炎患者的临床表现及胸部影像进行分析。结果 (1)此组肺炎患者多为青壮年(占60．53％)，无固定职业或职业性质流动性较大者居多(69．74％)；(2)临床特征主要是发热，以中高热为多见(80．26％)，发病早期部分患者呼吸道症状并不明显(67．10％)，外周血WBC在正常或低于正常范围(85．53％)，淋巴细胞比例减少(75．00％)；(3)肺部CT表现为不同程度的炎性浸润；病灶形态以斑片状和球形多见(77．63％)；病灶常位于肺周边，常出现支气管气像；动态观察病变影像大多无明显进展(88．16％％)，经治疗均完全吸收。结论 SARS流行期间普通肺炎与非典型肺炎有相似的临床及胸部影像表现；肺部CT扫描能早期发现肺炎患者的异常阴影，明显优于胸片，但无特异性。因此，在SARS流行期间发热诊室医务人员应加强肺部炎性改变的早期诊断和鉴别诊断水平。     

CT 与 X 线诊断慢阻肺合并肺间质纤维化的临床效果分析

目的：分析将 X 线和 CT 诊断应用于慢性阻塞性肺病伴肺间质纤维化患者诊断中的效果。方法：选择2015年10月份到2016年10月份期间于我院治疗的慢阻肺伴肺间质纤维化患者77例，全部患者都采取 X 线和 CT 诊断，对比两种诊断方式的诊断效果。结果：X 线诊断，50．65％患者是肺大疱的形成者；12．99％患者是支气管的扩张者；13．38％患者是毛玻璃样的高密度影患者；79．22％患者伴有不同程度的肺门阴影加深、增大与结构紊乱。通过 CT 诊断，58．44％患者是肺大疱患者；72．72％患者是小叶间隔的增厚者；18．18％患者表现出胸膜下线；20．78％患者是毛玻璃的高密度影患者；18．18％患者是支气管的扩张患者。结论：将 X 线和 CT 诊断应用于慢性阻塞性肺病伴肺间质纤维化患者诊断中，都有显著的效果，但是应对 X 线诊断进行规范，同时避免出现滥用 CT 诊断的情况。     

胸部创伤的CT及X线平片诊断结果的评价

【目的】探讨CT及X平片在胸部外伤诊断中的价值和地位。【方法】73例胸部外伤病例均行X线平片及CT检查。【结果】X平片发现肺挫伤3l例，肺撕裂伤6例，支气管撕裂伤2例，肺不张及肺萎陷8例；CT发现肺挫伤57例，肺撕裂伤14例，支气管撕裂伤2例，肺不张及肺萎陷14例。【结论】X线平片是胸部外伤的首选检查方法，对于严重胸部创伤、复合伤的患者，应采用CT检查。     

中医药为主治疗"非典"患者康复一年后影像学追踪

目的追踪中医药为主治疗“非典”患者康复出院一年后肺部及髋关节影像学表现。方法对我院治愈出院一年后的33例“非典”患者行胸部螺旋CT扫描及双髋关节X线、MRI扫描等检查。结果33例“非典”随访者中胸部CT扫描有21例（63．64％）无异常、12例（36．36％）异常；髋关节X线检查发现30例（90．91％）无异常、3例（9．09％）异常；双髋关节MRI提示26例（78．79％）无异常，7例（21．21％）异常。结论本组中医药为主治疗的“非典”患者康复出院一年后，髋关节影像学随访观察未见与SARS疾病或激素治疗后相关并发症或后遗症；肺部影像学随访大多数无异常，少部分异常表现多与有基础病史、年龄等有关，也不排除“非典”疾病本身发病后所残留的部分纤维化。我们认为中医药为主治疗“非典”不仅有较好的疗效，而且肺部残留的纤维化、股骨头缺血性坏死的发病率均明显较低。     

CT扫描对诊断支气管扩张的应用价值（附85例分析）

目的 探讨CT扫描在诊断支气管扩张中的应用价值。方法 对85例CT影像诊断支气管扩张进行回顾性分析。结果 本组85例中右肺中叶18例，占21．2％；右肺下叶26例，占30．6％；左肺上叶9例，占10．6％；左肺下叶-32例，占37.6％例。其中合并肺部感染、结核、阻塞性肺不张(肺膨胀不全)等其它疾病67例，占78．8％。结论 支气管扩张CT检查其诊断率高于其它检查项目，与临床诊断符合率达98．8％以上，对于不明原因咳血、咳痰病人、可疑支气管扩张患者CT为首选检查。     

SARS与细菌性典型肺炎的胸部CT特征对比分析

目的：探讨重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)与细菌性典型肺炎胸部CT特征的异同．方法：回顾性分析28例SARS胸部CT表现与细菌性典型肺炎做对比结果：本组28例患者肺部病变初期多为单发病灶，在右侧外带胸膜下常见。片状磨玻璃样密度病变影存在于各期，而细菌性典型肺炎未见、发病初期和进展期肺容积变小?而细菌性典型肺炎多无此特点。进展期大多数发展为双肺由下至上痛变、恢复期病变由最晚受侵部位消退，遗留纤维化多为最早发生病变部位?而典型肺炎多从近肺门侧开始吸收，进展期局限的肺段、肺叶发展至多个肺叶、肺段，进展较迅速。而细菌性典型肺炎多为单独的肺叶、肺段．恢复期由弥漫性多发病变转变为局限病变，部分病人有肺部纤维化发生，而细菌性典型肺炎大多数吸收较完全，不遗留肺纤维化。结论：SARS所存在的急性间质性肺炎和急性肺炎可利用CT动态检查较准确地与细菌性典型肺炙加以区别。     

胸部CT与纤维支气管镜检查诊断支气管病变的对比分析

目的：评价胸部CT与纤维支气管镜检查对支气管病变的诊断价值。方法：对51例根据临床表现和胸片诊断为支气管病变患者,行胸部CT与纤维支气管镜检查。结果：纤维支气管镜检查显示,51例患者支气管病变呈阳性,其中恶性病变41例,良性病变10例;胸部CT检查显示：46例患者CT检查发现异常,阳性率为90．1％：5例患者CT检查正常,属假阴性,阴性率为9．9％。结论：胸部CT在诊断支气管病变时,和纤维支气管镜检查相比,具有很好的相关性,可作为诊断支气管病变的一种补充。     

胸部结节病的CT诊断与分析

【目的】分析结节病的CT表现，以提高对本病的认识和诊断水平。【方法】回顾性分析经活检证实52例胸部结节病的CT表现。【结果】52例结节病中，肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大46例（88．5％），其中仅见肺门或／和纵隔淋巴结肿大16例（30．7％），肺门或／和纵隔淋巴结肿大伴有肺内改变30例（57．5％），仅见肺部侵润性改变而无淋巴结肿大2例（3．8％），肺纤维性改变4例（7．7％）。肺内主要表现为结节影（30例），支气管血管束增粗（14例），小叶间隔增厚（8例），实变影（2例），磨玻璃影（2例）。【结论】双侧肺门对称性淋巴结肿大和／或纵隔淋巴结肿大以及沿支气管血管束分布的结节影是胸部结节病的特征性表现；不典型者需密切结合临床检查及治疗后随访。     

SARS患者恢复期传染性的随访调查

目的：了解严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)恢复期患的传染性．方法：采用统一制定的流行病学随访调查表,在《北京市SARS流行病学个案调查数据库》中随机抽取300例2003-04／2003-05报告的SARS病例进行恢复期(出院后mo)电话随访调查,建立数据库进行统计学和流行病学分析．结果：随机抽取300例中,随访到133例(占44．3％)确诊SARS的恢复期患,失访167例(占55．7％),实际随访率为70．0％．133例SARS患中男女性别比为1：1．2,年龄在15—66yr之间．临床表现发热133例(100％),咳嗽96例(72．2％),X线胸片肺炎特征94例(70．7％),白细胞总数减少89例(66．9％),畏寒73例(54．9％),乏力47例(35．3％),头痛31例(23．3％),全身酸痛28例(21．1％),咳痰13例(9．8％)．出院后进行隔离125例(94．0％),隔离时间为14d98例(78．4％)．所采取的隔离措施可分为6种,措施组合共有11种．恢复期患的密切接触中被感染人数为0．结论：以卫生部颁发的《传染性非典型肺炎病例出院参考标准》为准出院的SARS患在恢复期无论是否采取相应的隔离措施均未发现有明显的传染性．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.