糖尿病肾病与载脂蛋白E基因多态性相关性的Meta分析

目的 评价载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者发生糖尿病肾病(DN)的相关性,为DN的早期基因诊断提供循证医学的证据.方法 查阅有关我国T2DM人群与ApoE基因多态性研究的相关文献,利用Meta分析系统性评价T2DM患者中并发DN(DN组)与未并发DN(对照组)患者的ApoE基因型分布和等位基因频率进行分析和比较,计算比值比(OR值).结果 实际纳入文献14篇,总计2 730例T2DM患者,其中DN组1 528例,对照组1 202例.Meta分析结果显示:与E3/3基因型相比,E2/3(OR=1.776,P=0.000)和E3/4(OR=1.417,P=0.003)基因型患者更容易发生DN;与等位基因ε3相比,等位基因ε2(OR=1.678,P=0.000)和ε4(OR=1.219,P=0.048)携带患者更容易发生DN.结论 ApoE基因多态性与T2DM患者DN的发生相关.基因型E2/3、E3/4和等位基因ε2、ε4可能是我国T2DM患者并发DN的危险因子.     

糖尿病肾病与载脂蛋白E基因多态性相关性的Meta分析

目的评价载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者发生糖尿病肾病(DN)的相关性,为DN的早期基因诊断提供循证医学的证据。方法查阅有关我国T2DM人群与ApoE基因多态性研究的相关文献,利用Meta分析系统性评价T2DM患者中并发DN(DN组)与未并发DN(对照组)患者的ApoE基因型分布和等位基因频率进行分析和比较,计算比值比(OR值)。结果实际纳入文献14篇,总计2 730例T2DM患者,其中DN组1 528例,对照组1 202例。Meta分析结果显示:与E3/3基因型相比,E2/3(OR=1.776,P=0.000)和E3/4(OR=1.417,P=0.003)基因型患者更容易发生DN;与等位基因ε3相比,等位基因ε2(OR=1.678,P=0.000)和ε4(OR=1.219,P=0.048)携带患者更容易发生DN。结论 ApoE基因多态性与T2DM患者DN的发生相关。基因型E2/3、E3/4和等位基因ε2、ε4可能是我国T2DM患者并发DN的危险因子。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与2型糖尿病合并冠心病的关系

【目的】探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与2型糖尿病合并冠心病的关系。【方法】采用以医院为基础的配对病例对照研究方法,对100对研究对象进行了研究。应用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术进行ApoE基因多态性分析。【结果】ApoE基因多态性与2型糖尿病合并冠心病之间存在统计学关联,携带ApoEε4等位基因的2型糖尿病患者合并冠心病的危险性高于不携带ApoEε4等位基因的患者,OR及其95%可信区间为2.800(1.360~5.764),经糖尿病病程调整后此种关联仍然存在。未发现ApoEε2和ε3等位基因与2型糖尿病合并冠心病之间有统计学关联。【结论】携带ApoE基因ε4等位基因增加2型糖尿病合并冠心病的危险性。     

2型糖尿病患者脂蛋白脂酶基因S447X和载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者脂蛋白酯酶(LpL)及载脂蛋白E基因(ApoE)与冠心病的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-PFLP)技术分别检测2型糖尿病并冠心病组(110例)及对照组(116例)LpL、ApoE基因型。结果2型糖尿病并冠心病组LpL/S447XX突变频率低于对照组(P<0.05);2型糖尿病并冠心病组ε3/3和ε4/3频率分别为41.2%和37.3%,分别明显低于对照组ε3/3(频率70.7%)和高于对照组ε4/3(频率21.6%),P均<0.01。ε4等位基因频率为28.2%,明显高于对照组(13.4%,P<0.01)。结论LpL/S447XX突变降低2型糖尿病并发冠心病患者的遗传易感性,而ApoE/ε4等位基因增高2型糖尿病并发冠心病患者的遗传易感性。     

PAI-1基因多态与中国人2型糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1(PAI-1)基因多态与上海地区中国人2型糖尿病肾病的相关性。方法选取2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者247例组成T2DM组,其进一步分为糖尿病无肾病组(n=80)和糖尿病肾病组(n=167),后者又分为微量蛋白尿肾病组(n=129)和显著蛋白尿肾病组(n=38);同时设立非糖尿病对照组(n=87)。应用等位基因特异性PCR法(ASP法)检测PAI-1基因启动子区——675 bp处的4G/5G多态,确定各组PAI-1基因的基因型。采用χ2检验对组间各基因型频率及等位基因频率进行比较,并比较组间携带纯合子风险等位基因4G/4G的基因型频率差异。结果T2DM组与非糖尿病对照组相比,4G/4G基因型及4G等位基因频率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与糖尿病无肾病组相比,糖尿病肾病组4G/4G基因型频率显著增加(P<0.01,OR=2.4,95%C I=1.3～4.4),4G等位基因频率亦显著增加(P<0.05,OR=1.6,95%C I=1.1～2.3)。结论PAI-1基因多态与中国人T2DM无肾病患者进展为糖尿病肾病显著相关;携带PAI-1基因的4G/4G纯合子基因型的糖尿病患者,其进展为糖尿病蛋白尿肾病的风险增加2.4倍。     

中国人群ApoE基因多态性与2型糖尿病相关性的Meta分析

目的运用循证医学的方法评价中国人群载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的相关性。方法全面检索和筛选相关文献,按照循证医学原理对各研究结果进行数据合并,并评价其发表偏倚,运用敏感性分析评价结果的可靠性。结果检索到相关文献22篇,共4 452例。ApoE基因的等位基因E3和基因型E3/E3在各研究T2DM组和正常对照(NGT)组间存在异质性(P<0.01)。ApoE基因的等位基因E2和E4、基因型E2/E3和E3/E4在中国人群T2DM的分布频率显著高于NGT组,其合并OR值及95%CI分别为1.48(1.25,1.75)、1.26(1.08,1.47)、1.53(1.26,1.87)和1.32(1.10,1.58)(P<0.01);ApoE基因的等位基因E3和基因型E3/E3在中国人群T2DM的分布频率显著低于NGT组,其合并OR值及95%CI分别为0.72(0.62,0.83)和0.66(0.58,0.79)(P<0.01)。发表偏倚分析和敏感性分析结果显示Meta分析结果是稳定和可靠的。结论中国人群T2DM与ApoE基因多态性密切相关,ApoE等位基因E2和E4是T2DM的危险因子,基因...     

阿尔茨海默病与ApoE基因多态性研究

目的:探讨新疆汉族人群载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的关系。方法:选择98例诊断很可能是AD的汉族患者(AD组)及103例正常对照者(对照组),应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)方法测定ApoE基因型和等位基因频率。结果:(1)AD组ε3/4基因型频率为25.51%,高于对照组的11.65%(P<0.05),2组ε3/3和ε2/3基因型分布差异无统计学意义。AD组和对照组ApoEε4等位基因频率分别为13.78%和6.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)AD组和对照组女性ApoEε4等位基因频率分别为14.52%和6.92%,差异亦具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ApoEε4等位基因是AD的危险因素,尤在女性AD患者的发病中起重要作用。     

ApoE基因多态性与血脂、氧化低密度脂蛋白、糖尿病足的相关性分析

目的:评价载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与血脂、氧化低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)及2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者发生糖尿病足(DF)的相关性,为DF的早期基因诊断提供循证医学的证据。方法应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测70例T2DM患者(40例DF患者,30例无慢性并发症患者)和48例健康对照者的ApoE基因多态性,比较T2DM患者中并发DF(DF组)与无慢性并发症DM(DM对照组)患者及健康组的Apo E基因型分布和等位基因频率,并利用Logisitic回归分析ApoE基因多态性与DF之间的相关性。结果:DF组ε3/4基因型和ε4等位基因均高于其他两组;ε2/4、ε3/4两组TCH、LDL、oxLDL、HbA1C均明显高于ε2/3、ε3/3两组,HDL则低于上述两组;各等位基因之间比较:ε4组TCH、LDL、oxLDL、HbA1C均显著高于ε2、ε3两组,ε2组TG明显高于ε3、ε4两组;ε3/4基因型和ε4等位基因与发生DF明显相关。结论 ApoE基因多态性与T2DM患者DF的发生相关,基因型ε3/4和等位基因ε4可能是T2DM患者并发DF的危险因子,其机制可能通过血脂代谢紊乱及促进脂质氧化而影响DF的发生。     

PAI-1基因多态与中国人2型糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的 探讨纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子-1(PAI-1)基因多态与上海地区中国人2型糖尿病肾病的相关性.方法 选取2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者247例组成T2DM组,其进一步分为糖尿病无肾病组(n=80)和糖尿病肾病组(n=167),后者又分为微量蛋白尿肾病组(n=129)和显著蛋白尿肾病组(n=38);同时设立非糖尿病对照组(n=87).应用等位基因特异性PCR法(ASP法)检测PAI-1基因启动子区--675 bp处的4G/5G多态,确定各组PAI-1基因的基因型.采用χ2检验对组间各基因型频率及等位基因频率进行比较,并比较组间携带纯合子风险等位基因4G/4G的基因型频率差异.结果 T2DM组与非糖尿病对照组相比,4G/4G基因型及4G等位基因频率无统计学差异(P＞0.05).与糖尿病无肾病组相比,糖尿病肾病组4G/4G基因型频率显著增加(P＜0.01,OR=2.4,95%CI=1.3～4.4),4G等位基因频率亦显著增加(P＜0.05,OR=1.6,95%CI=1.1～2.3).结论 PAI-1基因多态与中国人T2DM无肾病患者进展为糖尿病肾病显著相关;携带PAI-1基因的4G/4G纯合子基因型的糖尿病患者,其进展为糖尿病蛋白尿肾病的风险增加2.4倍.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾脏疾病的相关性研究

目的:探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因多态性与2型糖尿病肾脏疾病的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测28例糖尿病肾病患者(DN组)、30例非糖尿病性肾脏疾病患者(MD+NDRD组)、18例DN合并NDRD患者(DN+NDRD组)和30例健康体检者(正常对照组)的ACE I/D基因多态性。结果:1DN组和DN+NDRD组ACE-DD基因型频率明显高于DM+NDRD组和正常对照组(P<0.05),D等位基因频率明显高于DM+NDRD组(P<0.05)和正常对照组(P<0.01),DM+NDRD组和正常对照组比较以及DN组和DN+NDRD组比较ACE-DD基因型和D等位基因频率均无明显差异(P>0.05)。2ACE-DD基因型为2型糖尿病肾脏疾病患者eGFR下降的危险因素。结论:1ACE-DD基因型以及D等位基因与2型糖尿病患者DN和DN+NDRD的发生有关,与DM+NDRD的发生无关。2ACE-DD基因型是2型糖尿病肾脏疾病患者肾功能减退的易感因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.