显微手术切除矢状窦旁脑膜瘤(附35例报告)

目的探讨矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的诊断和治疗方法.方法根据肿瘤的临床特点,术前行CT 、MR、血管造影检查,使用显微手术,根据肿瘤大小,位置决定整块或分块切除,术中妥善处理供血动脉,保护矢状窦及中央静脉,以避免不良后果.结果本组主要表现为大脑半球损害的症状和体征,经MR确诊后均行手术治疗.肿瘤全切除33例,次全切除2例.因2例术中未能保留中央静脉而造成偏瘫,2例因脑血管病、肺炎死亡.余31例恢复良好.门诊随访2～6年无复发.结论矢状窦旁脑膜瘤行CT、MRI检查可明确诊断,显微手术是最佳的治疗方法,切除肿瘤避免功能区损伤是取得手术成功的关键.     

横纹肌样脑膜瘤的临床诊疗特征(附二例报道)

目的 分析并探讨横纹肌样脑膜瘤的临床诊疗特点及预后. 方法 回顾性分析广州医学院第二附属医院神经外科收治的2例横纹肌样脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献报道. 结果 2例患者均行肉眼全切除(Simpson Ⅰ级),术后未行放化疗,随访期限分别为2年和2个月.第1例于术后第2年复发,因未行再次手术而死亡.另1例术后2月因颅内感染死于全身并发症. 结论 横纹肌样脑膜瘤术前诊断困难,手术为治疗的首选,术后常于短期内复发,患者预后不佳.     

多发性脑膜瘤的临床特征(附15例报告)

目的 本文通过对15例多发性脑膜瘤的回顾性分析,以探讨其合理有效的治疗方法 .方法 我科1992～2008年共确诊多发性脑膜瘤15例.15例肿瘤采用显微外科手术切除,其中8例辅以伽玛刀放疗.本文对其临床特征进行了总结分析.结果手术全切除7例;6例手术全切除大部分肿瘤,不能手术者用伽玛刀治疗;部分切除加伽玛刀治疗2例.患者术后症状均有明显改善.平均随访7.3年,有13例者存活.而2例非典型脑膜瘤死于术后复发,平均存活15个月.结论 多发性脑膜瘤应尽量追求显微外科手术全切除,对不能全切除或无法手术者,伽玛刀是一种有效的治疗方法 .     

儿童鞍区肿瘤的外科治疗

目的 探索儿童鞍区肿瘤的有效手术治疗方法 .方法 回顾性分析45例儿童鞍区肿瘤患者的临床资料.结果 肿瘤全切除29例,次全切除9例,大部切除7例.术中16例可见垂体柄,均予保留.术后出现多饮多尿21例,其中17例在术后2周内恢复正常;出现高钠血症5例,低钠血症3例,均在2周内恢复正常,术后死亡1例.随访33例患者1～3年(平均1.5年),其中2例术后1年内复发而再次手术,13例行γ-刀治疗,31例患儿术后可参加正常学习.结论 严格把握手术适应证,选择合适的手术入路,并注意保护下丘脑结构,防止供血动脉损伤,是儿童鞍区肿瘤手术治疗的原则和取得较好效果的关键.     

外侧型天幕脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗策略

目的探讨外侧型天幕脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2013年4月~2016年11月安徽省立医院神经外科显微手术切除32例外侧型天幕脑膜瘤患者的临床资料、手术方法、肿瘤切除程度、术后并发症及随访情况。结果评价肿瘤切除程度按照Simpson分级标准,I级切除5例,II级切除13例,IV级切除14例。术后病理都是WHO I级,其中过渡型脑膜瘤8例,纤维型脑膜瘤24例。术后出现颅内感染5例;肺部感染1例;术后出血2例,1例为脑内血肿,1例为硬膜外血肿;骨瓣下积液1例;硬膜下积液1例;无术后死亡或重残病例。术后随访患者25例,随访时间2~38个月,10例行伽玛刀治疗,无肿瘤复发。结论充分的术前评估,合理的手术体位、切口和手术入路,娴熟的显微手术技巧特别是对受累静脉窦的处理,术后密切随访及伽玛刀治疗,可以提高外侧型天幕脑膜瘤的疗效,降低治疗风险和复发率。     

儿童颅内脑膜瘤

目的探讨儿童颅内脑膜瘤的临床与病理特点。方法回顾性分析24例年龄在15岁以下的儿童颅内脑膜瘤的临床与病理资料以及随访情况。结果24例儿童颅内脑膜瘤,占同期收治的颅内脑膜瘤总数的2.3%。其中,男14例,女10例,男女比例为1.41,平均年龄为9.5岁（2～15岁）。绝大多数肿瘤位于幕上,其中大脑凸面11例（45.8%),脑室内3例（12.5%),多发性脑膜瘤2例。手术全切肿瘤16例（66.7%）,术后死亡2例（8.3%),病检主要清理类型为合作细胞型、纤维型和过渡细胞型,有7例为恶性脑膜瘤（29.2%）。随访14例,6例复发。结论儿童脑膜瘤发病率低,男多于女,脑室内脑膜瘤较多见,肿瘤生长快速,恶性脑膜瘤发生率较高,易复发,预后差。     

窦镰旁脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨窦镰旁脑膜瘤显微手术切除方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析36例窦镰旁脑膜瘤患者的临床资料。结果术后按Simpson标准,肿瘤Ⅰ级切除27例,Ⅱ级切除9例,无手术死亡病例。术后29例获得随访,时间6月～9年,其中25例恢复正常生活、工作,4例术后6月-9年因肿瘤复发而再手术,其中1例9年内因多次肿瘤复发而再手术切除达6次和行γ刀等放疗。结论熟练的显微外科技术可以有效的控制术中出血、有效保护中央沟静脉、明显提高窦镰旁脑膜瘤的全切除率、降低复发率、减少致残及死亡率。     

成人松果体区肿瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨成人松果体区肿瘤的临床特点和显微手术治疗方法及效果。方法对21例成人(20岁以上)松果体区肿瘤,包括胶质瘤11例,脑膜瘤4例,生殖细胞瘤3例,胆脂瘤2例,胶质增生1例,分别采用侧脑室入路(2例)、Poppen入路(12例)和Krause入路(7例)进行显微手术治疗。结果肿瘤全切除16例,次全切除4例,仅行肿瘤活检1例,无手术死亡病例。术后随访3月～8年,其中15例恢复良好;1例较术前加重,出现中度残疾;1例肿瘤复发后放弃治疗;4例死亡。结论成人松果体区肿瘤以胶质瘤和脑膜瘤常见,肿瘤全切除是其治疗的根本方法,合理的手术入路及血管保护是手术成功的关键。     

手术联合伽玛刀治疗矢状窦旁中后1/3脑膜瘤

目的 探讨手术联合伽玛刀治疗矢状窦旁中后1/3脑膜瘤的方法和配合技巧.方法 回顾性分析通过伽玛刀联合手术治疗的126例矢状窦旁中后1/3脑膜瘤病人的临床资料,肿瘤均在显微镜下进行手术切除,术后2个月复查MRI后辅助伽玛刀治疗.结果 126例病人均进行显微镜下手术全切除,其中SimpsonⅡ级切除97例,辅助伽玛刀治疗后5例(5％)复发;SimpsonⅢ级切除29例,辅助伽玛刀治疗后4例(14％)复发.随访5～10年,肿瘤5年控制率为93％,无死亡病例.结论 矢状窦旁脑膜瘤应力争全切除,术后残留的脑膜瘤应辅助伽玛刀治疗,可提高治疗效果,降低复发率,减少并发症.     

锁孔手术切除鞍区肿瘤及垂体柄的保护

目的 探讨锁孔手术切除鞍区肿瘤的效果,以及术中垂体柄的保护方法。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2017年3月采用锁孔手术切除的36例鞍区肿瘤临床资料,采用眶上锁孔入路和翼点锁孔入路。结果 术后病理证实,垂体腺瘤13例,脑膜瘤14例,颅咽管瘤9例。肿瘤全切除33例,近全切除3例。垂体柄全保留32例,部分保留3例,术中未发现垂体柄1例。近全切除3例术后行伽玛刀治疗。所有病例术后随访3个月~2年,均未见肿瘤复发。结论 锁孔手术治疗鞍区肿瘤,既安全、便捷、微创,又能达到切除肿瘤、保护垂体柄等重要结构的目的。     

Pediatric meningiomas in The Netherlands 1974–2010: a descriptive epidemiological case study

Objective

The purpose of this study was to review the epidemiology and the clinical, radiological, pathological, and follow-up data of all surgically treated pediatric meningiomas during the last 35?years in The Netherlands.

Methods

Patients were identified in the Pathological and Anatomical Nationwide Computerized Archive database, the nationwide network and registry of histopathology and cytopathology in The Netherlands. Pediatric patients of 18?years or younger at first operation in 1974–2009 with the diagnosis meningioma were included. Clinical records, follow-up data, radiological findings, operative reports, and pathological examinations were reviewed.

Results

In total, 72 patients (39 boys) were identified. The incidence of operated meningiomas in the Dutch pediatric population is 1:1,767,715 children per year. Median age at diagnosis was 13?years (range 0–18?years). Raised intracranial pressure and seizures were the most frequent signs at presentation. Thirteen (18?%) patients had neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Fifty-three (74?%) patients had a meningioma World Health Organization grade I. Total resection was achieved in 35 of 64 patients. Fifteen patients received radiotherapy postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 4.8?years (range 0–27.8?years). Three patients died as a direct result of their meningioma within 3?years. Four patients with NF2 died as a result of multiple tumors. Nineteen patients had disease progression, requiring additional treatment.

Conclusion

Meningiomas are extremely rare in the pediatric population; 25?% of all described meningiomas show biological aggressive behavior in terms of disease progression, requiring additional treatment. The 5-year survival is 83.9?%, suggesting that the biological behavior of pediatric menigiomas is more aggressive than that of its adult counterparts.     

Falx Meningiomas: Surgical Results and Lessons Learned from 68 Cases

Objective

The purpose of this study was to review the characteristics of falcine meningioma retrospectively and to identify the parameters associated with tumor recurrence.

Methods

The analysis included; age, sex, extent of resection, and radiologic and pathologic findings. Falcine meningiomas were classified by location as anterior, middle, or posterior as described for parasagittal meningiomas.

Results

Of the 795 meningioma patients treated between 1990 and 2004 at the authors'' institution, 68 patients with meningiomas arising from the falx underwent craniotomies. There were 22 male and 46 female patients (1 : 2.1). Mean age was 55 years and ranged from 14 to 77 years. Locations of falcine meningioma were; the anterior third in 33 cases, middle in 20, and posterior in 15. Mean tumor volume was 42 cc and ranged from 4 to 140 cc. In 58 of the 68 patients tumors were totally removed. Additional surgery for recurrence was performed in 6 patients over 15 years. Of these 6 patients, only two patients underwent gross total tumor resection at first operation; the other four underwent subtotal tumor resection. Based on pathologic reports, the largest tumor subtype was transitional. There were four patients with a high grade tumor-three atypical and one anaplastic meningioma. Of the 68 patients, 59 achieved a good outcome (no neurological deficit or recurrence), six had temporary complications, two suffered new permanent postoperative deficits, and the remaining one died due to severe brain swelling despite postoperative intensive care. Extent of surgical resection was found to be significantly related to tumor recurrence.

Conclusion

Falcine meningioma accounted for 8.5% of intracranial meningiomas and the transitional meningioma was the most common subtype of falcine meningioma. Gross total resection of tumor was the single most important predictor of an improved surgical outcome.     

Meningiomas of the cavernous sinus: the surgical resectability and complications

The optimal management for patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas is to evacuate tumor without causing mortality or morbidity. The records of 16 patients, including 11 women and 5 men ranging in age from 31 to 63 years, underwent surgical treatment for this condition were reviewed. Completeness of tumor resection, cranial nerve morbidity, complications, mortality, the internal carotid artery encasement and outcome were studied. Total removal was achieved in six patients. Of ten patients who underwent subtotal resection there was one death and four were sent to radiotherapy. Morbidity was 24% for cranial nerves controlling extraocular motor function; trigeminal nerve function did not improve after surgical treatment. Symptomatic recurrence occurred in two patients who underwent subtotal tumor resection and in one who underwent complete tumor resection. The average follow-up period was of 26 months. According to our findings, we conclude: 1) the resectability of meningiomas of cavernous sinus depends on the degree of internal carotid artery involvement; 2) total resection of meningiomas confined in cavernous sinus is rare; 3) morbidity of the cranial nerves is significant; 4) subtotal resection is an effective mean to obtain control of the disease.     

岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床治疗

目的探讨岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术切除程度、手术人路选择及放射治疗的应用。方法回顾性分析51例岩斜区脑膜瘤病人的临床资料,根据肿瘤大小、累及部位及病人的状态等选择手术人路,行颞下经小脑幕入路31例,乙状窦前人路3例,枕下乙状窦后入路17例。结果术后肿瘤SimpsonⅠ-Ⅱ级切除40例,SimpsonⅢ级切除9例,SimpsonⅣ级切除2例;SimpsonⅢ-Ⅳ级切除病人术后接受放射治疗。术后出现昏迷8例,面神经麻痹7例,肢体肌力下降11例,动眼神经麻痹15例,展神经麻痹5例．颅内感染3例;死亡1例。50例随访6-18个月,术前症状及术后并发症大部分不同程度改善,随访期内无肿瘤复发及残余肿瘤进展。结论手术全切除是岩斜区脑膜瘤的根治方法,但片面追求肿瘤全切除常产生严重并发症。术前应根据病人的综合情况为其选择个性化的手术人路。选择SimpsonⅢ-Ⅳ级切除可提高病人的生活质量,术后辅助放射治疗能有效控制残余肿瘤进展,降低肿瘤复发率。     

神经内镜辅助经岩前入路显微手术治疗向后延伸的岩斜区脑膜瘤的疗效

目的 探讨神经内镜辅助经岩前入路显微手术治疗向后延伸的岩斜区脑膜瘤的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年7月至2020年1月神经内镜辅助经岩前入路显微手术治疗的13例向后延伸的岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床资料。结果 肿瘤全切除2例,次全切除9例,大部分切除2例。术后症状均有不同程度的缓解。2例术后出现短暂性复视,3个月内完全恢复。术后未出现脑脊液漏、听力损害、颅内出血。术后随访1个月～6.5年,平均2.5年;1例复发,无死亡病例。结论 神经内镜辅助经岩前入路显微手术治疗向后延伸的岩斜区脑膜瘤,效果良好。     

经基底纵裂间入路治疗鞍区肿瘤

目的 探讨经基底纵裂间入路治疗鞍区肿瘤的效果.方法 对15例鞍区肿瘤患者,采用经基底纵裂间入路,对手术效果进行分析总结.结果 15例患者肿瘤全切,1例颅咽管瘤患者因高渗性缺水,出院后死亡,2例颅咽管瘤患者纠正高渗性缺水后正常出院.1例颅咽管瘤患者术后半年有复发迹象,行γ-刀治疗,其余患者无复发,术后无颅内感染及脑脊液鼻漏发生,术后不影响美观.结论 经基底纵裂间入路,手术视野广泛,向上可以进入第三脑室,向后可显露中脑导水管,向下可进入鞍内,应用范围广,手术效果好.     

颅内原发性黑色素瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨颅内原发性黑色素瘤的临床特点,提高对此病的诊断治疗水平.方法 回顾性分析自2000年1月至2009年12月收治的8例颅内原发性黑色素瘤患者,男6例,女2例;年龄24～68岁;病灶均为单发,位于额叶4例,顶叶1例,枕叶1例,镰旁1例,小脑脑桥角1例.8例患者均行开颅手术,6例达全切;2例行次全切除+辅助伽玛刀治疗.结果 病理结果均为原发性黑色素瘤;术后7例患者获随访,随访时间10-82个月.死亡2例,分别于术后14个月及21个月死于肿瘤复发;1例于术后6个月复发,再次行手术全切,术后化疗,术后6个月MRI未见复发征象;1例于术后9个月复发,再次行手术全切,术后化疗,术后6个月MRI示肿瘤再次复发;余3例未见复发征象.结论 颅内原发性黑色素瘤发病率低,误诊率较高,治疗以手术切除为主,不全切除者应辅助伽玛刀治疗,复发者可行辅助化疗,延缓复发时间,改善患者预后.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical features, imaging findings and treatment for primary intracranial melanoma. Method The clinical data including presentation, imaging, treatment and prognosis of 8 patients with primary intracranial melanoma underwent surgery were reviewed during the past ten years. The patients included six males and two females and the age range was from 24 to 68 years. Four lesions were located in frontal lobe and the other four were located in parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, parafalcine and cerebellopontine angle respectively. Total removal was achieved in 6 patients and subtotal resection in 2 who had adjuvant radiosurgery. Results Histological examination showed that all cases were melanoma. Follow - up study was gained in seven cases and the follow - up duration was from 10 to 82 months. Two patients died from recurrence at postoperative 14th months and 21st months respectively. One case had tumor recurrence 6 months after surgery and another operation was performed to gain total removal. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed and there was no recurrence found in MRI 6 months after the surgery. One patient had tumor recurrence 9 months after surgery and another operation was performed to gain total removal. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed and follow - up MRI showed recurrence 6 months after surgery. There was no recurrence in the other 3 cases. Conclusions Primary intracranial melanoma is an extremely rare tumor and difficult to get correct preoperative diagnosis. Surgical removal of tumor plays an important role in its treatment. Part of patients could gain profits from radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis is very poor.     

Clinical features and management of intracranial subependymomas in children

Subependymoma is a rare low-grade glioma of the central nervous system that occurs most commonly in middle-aged and elderly men and rarely in children. Only a few paediatric patients with subependymomas have been reported. The authors retrospectively analysed five paediatric patients (4 males and 1 female; mean age 8.6 years; age range 5–13 years) at a single institute from July 1998 to April 2009 and summarised the clinical characteristics and management of paediatric intracranial subependymoma. The most common symptom in these five paediatric patients with subependymoma was intracranial hypertension. The tumours were located in the fourth ventricle in two patients, in the fourth ventricle with extension to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) in one patient; in the right CPA exclusively in one patient, and intraparenchymally in the left parietal lobe in one patient, the latter two of which are rare locations for subependymoma. Surgery was performed on all five patients. The surgical approach was selected as appropriate for the tumor location. Total resection was achieved in three patients, and subtotal resection in two. All five patients had good outcomes without recurrence. We conclude that surgery is the optimal therapy for paediatric patients with intracranial subependymoma.     

Bromodeoxyuridine labeling study of intracranial meningiomas: proliferative potential and recurrence

Summary Ninety-six patients with intracranial meningiomas and two with hemangiopericytic variants received a 30-min intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), 200 mg/m², before tumor removal. Excised tumor specimens were stained by the indirect immunoperoxidase method to determine the BrdUrd labeling index (LI), or percentage of cells in DNA synthesis. The BrdUrd LI was < 1% in 63 (86.3%) of 73 nonmalignant meningiomas and < 1% in 20 (87%) of 23 malignant meningiomas. Of 23 malignant meningiomas 11 were recurrent tumors; 8 patients had recurrence 3 to 33 months after the study. The recurrence rate was 100% (five of five) in patients whose tumors had a BrdUrd LI > 5%, 44% (11 of 25) in those with a BrdUrd LI 1% to 5%, and 6.1% (4 of 66) in those with an LI < 1%. Thus, meningiomas with a BrdUrd LI > 1% may grow faster and recur more frequently. Among patients with malignant mengngiomas, the mean time to recurrence after the study was 7.5 months in those with a BrdUrd LI > 5% and 20.2 months for those with an LI 1% to 5%. The mean time to recurrence was 97.8 months in patients with nonmalignant meningiomas. Both hemangiopericytic variants were recurrent and showed LIs of 0.5% and 4.1%; the former tumor recurred 8 years after complete resection, while the latter recurred three times in 3.5 years. Thus, the proliferative potential of intracranial meningiomas as reflected by the BrdUrd LI appears to be a prognostic variable that can help to elucidate the biological behavior of individual meningiomas.Supported in part by grant PDT-159 from the American Cancer Society, by grants CA-13525 and CA-50210 from the National Cancer Institute, and by a gift from the Phi Beta Psi Sorority