造口专科护士干预对永久性肠造口病人早期自我护理能力的影响

[目的]探讨造口专科护士门诊干预对永久性肠造口病人早期自我护理能力的影响。[方法]将2012年1月—2012年12月在我院普外科出院的132例永久性肠造口病人按自愿的原则分为观察组和对照组,自愿由造口门诊专科护士复诊或随访的作为观察组,自愿由病区或门诊医生复诊或随访的作为对照组;观察组病人由门诊专科护士实施干预,了解病人对造口护理知识的掌握程度,观察造口并发症的发生情况及病人的心理状况,分析以上因素对病人自我护理能力的影响,为病人提供专业化护理;对照组病人由病区或门诊医生实施干预,从医疗角度为病人提供相关处置后,护士按常规执行相关护理措施。观察两组病人造口并发症的发生情况和造口自我护理能力。[结果]观察组病人造口并发症发生率低于对照组,造口自我护理能力得分高于对照组。[结论]门诊专科护士的干预可提高永久性肠造口病人早期自我护理能力。     

临时性肠造口病人自我护理能力现状调查及其影响因素分析

[目的]调查临时性肠造口病人自我护理能力现状并分析其影响因素,为后期采取针对性干预措施提供理论依据。[方法]采用便利抽样法抽取2018年8月—2018年12月在宁夏医科大学总医院结直肠外科门诊和造口门诊复诊的136例临时性肠造口病人为调查对象,应用自我护理能力量表(ESCA)对其进行调查。[结果]临时性肠造口病人自我护理能力得分总分为(93.96±15.47)分,处于中等水平;单因素分析显示,不同特征的临时性肠造口病人自我护理能力因性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住状况、是否发生造口相关并发症及是否放化疗的不同差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示:文化程度、居住状况及是否发生并发症是影响临时性肠造口病人自我护理能力的独立因素(P<0.05)。[结论]临时性肠造口病人自我护理能力有待提高,故需聚焦于提高临时性肠造口病人自我护理能力的干预研究,以提高病人的自我护理能力,降低造口相关并发症发生率,改善病人的生活质量。     

造口专科护士干预对永久性肠造口病人早期自我护理能力的影响

[目的]探讨造口专科护士门诊干预对永久性肠造口病人早期自我护理能力的影响.[方法]将2012年1月-2012年12月在我院普外科出院的132例永久性肠造口病人按自愿的原则分为观察组和对照组,自愿由造口门诊专科护士复诊或随访的作为观察组,自愿由病区或门诊医生复诊或随访的作为对照组;观察组病人由门诊专科护士实施干预,了解病人对造口护理知识的掌握程度,观察造口并发症的发生情况及病人的心理状况,分析以上因素对病人自我护理能力的影响,为病人提供专业化护理;对照组病人由病区或门诊医生实施干预,从医疗角度为病人提供相关处置后,护士按常规执行相关护理措施.观察两组病人造口并发症的发生情况和造口自我护理能力.[结果]观察组病人造口并发症发生率低于对照组,造口自我护理能力得分高于对照组.[结论]门诊专科护士的干预可提高永久性肠造口病人早期自我护理能力.     

结肠造口病人的适应与自我护理能力相关性研究

[目的]探讨肠造口病人的自我护理能力与适应的关系.[方法]采用方便抽样的方法调查了广州市5所三级甲等医院的129例肠造口病人,采用问卷调查法,使用造口适应量表、自我护理能力测定量表分别调查研究对象的适应、自我护理能力.[结果]肠造口病人自我护理能力总分与其适应总分及适应各维度呈正相关(P＜0.01),自我护理能力中自护技能、自我概念和健康知识3个维度分别与适应总分及适应各维度均呈正相关(P＜0.05). [结论]肠造口病人的适应水平与其自我护理能力密切相关,自我护理技能越好、自我认同感越强及对肠造口的健康知识掌握程度越高的病人其适应程度越好.     

结肠造口病人的适应与自我护理能力相关性研究

[目的]探讨肠造口病人的自我护理能力与适应的关系。[方法]采用方便抽样的方法调查了广州市5所三级甲等医院的129例肠造口病人，采用问卷调查法，使用造口适应量袁、自我护理能力测定量表分别调查研究对象的适应、自我护理能力。[结果]肠造口病人自我护理能力总分与其适应总分及适应各维度呈正相关（P〈0．01）．自我护理能力中自护技能、自我概念和健康知识3个维度分别与适应总分及适应各维度均呈正相关（P〈0．05）。[结论]肠造口病人的适应水平与其自我护理能力密切相关，自我护理技能越好、自我认同感越强及对肠造口的健康知识掌握程度越高的病人其适应程度越好。     

永久性肠造口病人照顾者疾病获益感现状及影响因素分析

目的:调查永久性肠造口病人照顾者疾病获益感水平并分析其影响因素,为临床针对性制订干预措施提供依据。方法:2021年9月—2022年6月采用便利抽样法,使用一般资料调查表、照顾者获益感量表、自我调节疲劳量表及一般自我效能感量表对扬州市2所三级甲等医院普外科和造口门诊的184名永久性肠造口病人主要照顾者进行调查。结果:永久性肠造口病人照顾者疾病获益感总分为(74.83±7.91)分。单因素分析显示,不同造口自理能力病人、造口有无并发症病人、文化程度、家庭人均月收入的永久性肠造口照顾者疾病获益感得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);线性回归分析显示,病人造口自理能力、家庭人均月收入、自我调节疲劳、一般自我效能是其主要影响因素,解释总变异的47.0%。结论:永久性肠造口病人照顾者疾病获益感处于中等水平,医护人员应积极引导照顾者发现获益感,关注其影响因素,并采取针对性干预措施。     

回肠造口病人自我管理能力现状调查及影响因素分析

[目的]调查预防性回肠造口病人的自我管理能力现状及影响因素,为回肠造口病人提供针对性护理干预措施。[方法]采用一般资料调查表、回肠造口病人造口情况调查表、回肠造口病人自我管理能力调查表对60例行预防性回肠造口术的病人进行问卷调查。[结果]回肠造口病人的自我管理能力处于中等或低等水平,主要与病人的年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、职业情况等因素有关。[结论]回肠造口术后病人自我管理能力不足,医护人员应从心理支持、知识教育、造口相关产品使用和更换以及回肠造口并发症的预防与治疗等方面提供康复服务,提高病人对疾病的自我管理能力,使其尽早回归家庭与社会。     

结直肠癌肠造口病人自我效能与正念水平的相关性分析

目的:探讨结直肠癌肠造口病人自我效能和正念水平的相关性,为制定提高肠造口病人自我效能的干预措施提供参考依据.方法:便利抽样法选取2019年9月—2020年1月福建省福州市3所三级甲等综合性医院的280例结直肠癌肠造口住院病人为研究对象,应用一般资料调查问卷、造口自我效能量表及正念觉知量表进行问卷调查.结果:结直肠癌肠造口病人自我效能和正念水平得分分别为(73.71±16.60)分和(51.54±9.69)分,均处于中等水平.造口自我效能总分及各维度得分与正念水平总分呈明显正相关(P<0.01).结论:结直肠癌肠造口病人自我效能与正念水平密切相关,正念水平是造口病人自我效能的重要预测变量.医护人员可通过采取正念干预措施提高病人的正念水平,进而提升造口病人自我效能,促进造口适应.     

自我管理在永久性肠造口病人自我护理能力中的应用

[目的]评价自我管理在永久性肠造口病人自我护理能力中的应用效果。[方法]将2010年2月—2012年8月入住安徽医科大学第二附属医院的47例永久性肠造口病人随机分为两组。对照组(23例)采用造瘘术后护理常规,干预组(24例)在术后护理常规的基础上实施自我管理干预措施。于病人手术前1d及出院前1d采用造口自我护理能力量表进行测评。[结果]干预前两组病人自我护理能力各维度得分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后干预组病人自我护理知识及自我护理技能得分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]自我管理有助于提高病人自我护理知识及技能,有利于病人的康复。     

直肠癌永久性肠造口病人心理一致感调查研究

[目的]探讨直肠癌永久性肠造口病人心理一致感现状及与人口学变量的相关性。[方法]采用一般资料调查表及心理一致感量表对某三级甲等医院172例直肠癌永久性肠造口病人及175例直肠癌非造口病人进行问卷调查。[结果]直肠癌永久性肠造口病人心理一致感总分为(65.09±11.71)分,直肠癌非造口病人心理一致感总分为(69.07±7.02)分。回归分析结果显示:病人年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、造口自理水平、造口相关并发症、造口手术时间及每月购买造口用品费用为永久性肠造口病人心理一致感影响因素。[结论]永久性肠造口病人心理一致感处于中等偏低水平,临床工作者应重视永久性肠造口病人心理状况,根据病人一般情况提供帮助支持,提高肠造口病人生活质量,提升病人心理一致感水平。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.