Effect of Subhypnotic Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Antitumor Immunity in Mice

Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, is a drug often used for sedation. Despite the high prevalence of sedating patients with tumors in intensive care settings, little is known about the effect of sedative drugs on tumor growth. We studied the effect of dexmedetomidine on antitumor immunity in mice. Subhypnotic doses of dexmedetomidine decreased interleukin (IL)-12 production from thioglycollate-induced macrophages. The treatment also decreased the ratio of the helper T lymphocytes subsets, Th1 to Th2 (Th1/Th2), in the spleen. Following subcutaneous inoculation of EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells, dexmedetomidine further decreased the splenic Th1/Th2 ratio and activity of EL4-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Finally, treatment with dexmedetomidine accelerated EL4 growth in mice. These data show that treatment of mice with subhypnotic doses of dexmedetomidine downregulates antitumor immunity, possibly through the decreased production of IL-12 from antigen presenting cells, resulting in a Th2 shift and decreased CTL activity against EL4 in mice.     

右美托咪定对截肢术后发生谵妄的疗效观察

目的 观察右美托咪定治疗截肢术后发生谵妄的临床疗效,评价其应用价值。方法 将我科2015年8月~2016年8月80例截肢术后发生谵妄的患者按随机数字表法随机分为A、B两组,各40例。A组采用氟哌啶醇治疗,B组采用盐酸右美托咪定治疗。在治疗前（T0）及治疗后1~3 d（T1~T3）同时间点分别记录患者的心率、呼吸频率、血压及重症谵妄筛查量表（ICDSC）总分值,同时观察两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果 两组患者随治疗的进行心率和呼吸频率均逐渐降低,组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,MAP基本维持在正常水平,两组ICDSC总分均逐渐降低,在治疗3 d后B组ICDSC总分显著低于A组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B组不良反应发生情况明显低于A组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 右美托咪定能有效改善患者截肢术后谵妄状态,不良反应少,疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

右美托咪定辅助用于小儿尿道下裂修补术后镇痛的效果观察

观察右美托咪定复合芬太尼用于尿道下裂修补术患儿术后镇痛的效果及安全性。方法 选择全麻下择期行尿道下裂修补术的患儿60例,随机分为F组和D组,各30例。F组给予芬太尼0.3 μg/（kg·h）,D组给予右美托咪定0.05 μg/（kg·h）+芬太尼0.2 μg/（kg·h）,所有患者手术结束前30 min,给予芬太尼负荷剂量1 μg/kg。手术结束前即刻连接一次性恒速机械镇痛泵,泵注速率2 ml/h。记录连接镇痛泵后2、4、8、12、24及48 h的Wong-Baker脸谱疼痛评分和Ramsay镇静评分,补救镇痛次数以及术后心动过缓、低血压、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生情况。结果 与F组比较,D组患儿补救镇痛次数、恶心呕吐及躁动发生率降低,患儿2、4、8、12、24及48 h的Wong-Baker脸谱疼痛评分降低、而Ramsay镇静评分增高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,两组患者在镇痛过程中均未出现心动过缓及低血压。结论 右美托咪定辅助用于小儿尿道下裂术后镇痛能提供较好镇痛效果和较佳镇静舒适度,减少不良反应的发生。     

Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Corrected QT and Tp-e Intervals during Spinal Anesthesia

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on corrected QT (QTc) and Tp-e intervals in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.

Materials and Methods

We studied 50 patients who were scheduled to undergo spinal anesthesia before orthopedic surgeries. Patients were allocated to receive either an infusion of dexmedetomidine or normal saline after spinal anesthesia.

Results

QTc intervals were significantly prolonged after spinal anesthesia, and the prolonged QTc interval returned to baseline values 10 minutes after either normal saline or dexmedetomidine administration in both groups. The QTc interval values after dexmedetomidine administration were significantly shorter compared to the QTc interval values just before dexmedetomidine administration.

Conclusion

Dexmedetomidine could promote the return of a prolonged QTc interval induced by spinal anesthesia and might be helpful in patients who have a prolonged QTc interval.     

Biological Effect of Magnetic Field in Mice

Objective: To study the biological effect of magnetic field in mice bodies. Method: With a piece of permanent magnet embeded in mice bodies beside the femoral artery and vein to measure the electrophoretic velocity(um/s). Result: The magnetic field in mice bodies on the experiment group that the electrophoretic velocity is faster more than control and free group.Conclusion:The magnetic field in animal's body can raise the negative electric charges on the surface of erythrocyte to improve the microcirculation, this is the biological effect of magnetic field.     

Biological Effect of Magnetic Field in Mice

With a piece of magnet embeded in mouse body tomeasure the electrophoretic velocity of erythrocyte for ob-servation onthe biological effect of magnetic field.1Experi mental Material and Method1 .1Experi mental materialUsing permanent magnet was made of alloys fromCe .Co.Cu.Fe .,of which the force of magnetic field is500Gs ,formseems cylinder andthe weight is 0 .5 mg.1 .2Ani mals and groupingThere were eighteen mice that were choosed on ran-dom,theirs weight was 18-22gto divide equallyinthr…     

右美托咪定静脉给药对罗哌卡因椎旁阻滞镇痛效果的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定（DEX）经静脉给药对罗哌卡因椎旁神经阻滞镇痛效果的影响。方法 选取2017年5月~2019年1月我院择期行胸腔镜手术患者90例,随机分为对照组、DEXIV组和DEXP组,各30例。对照组不使用DEX,DEXIV组为DEX静脉给药,DEXP组为DEX神经周围给药,比较三组患者进入复苏室即刻（PACU）、椎旁神经阻滞后6、12、24 h的VAS疼痛评分,病人自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）术后首次按压时间、累计按压次数、镇痛药物需求及不良反应发生情况。结果 三组PACU时刻VAS评分比较,差异无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;对照组术后6、12 h VAS评分高于DEXIV组和DEXP组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;DEXIV组与DEXP组术后6、12 h VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;三组术后24 h VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。对照组PCIA首次自控按压时间早于DEXIV组与DEXP组,且累计按压次数高于DEXIV组与DEXP组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;DEXIV组与DEXP组首次按压时间、累计按压次数比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。三组额外镇痛药物需求比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;DEXIV组仅有1例患者发生心动过缓,三组不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 无论是经静脉还是神经周围给药DEX均能延长罗哌卡因单次胸椎旁神经阻滞的镇痛时间,减少镇痛药物消耗和不良反应发生几率。     

右美托咪定在儿童扁桃体手术围拔管期的应用

目的观察右美托咪定在小儿扁桃体、腺样体切除手术术后围拔管期的镇静作用。方法选择择期进行扁桃体、腺样体切除手术的患儿60例,随机分为常规组（A组）和右美托咪定组（B组）各30例;两组均以丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼靶控输注诱导及维持,手术结束时停药,并静注曲马多2mg／kg。B组手术结束前10min静脉注射右美托咪定0．5μg／kg,输注时间10min。两组均等待患儿自然清醒拔管,观察两组生命体征变化、术后睁眼时间、拔管时间以及苏醒期躁动、上呼吸道梗阻、术后恶心呕吐等情况。结果B组拔管时和术后清醒时平均动脉压（MAP）和心率（HR）较A组低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;B组睁眼时间和拔管时间长于A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A、B组术后上呼吸道梗阻率分别为6．7％和10．O％,术后恶心呕吐发生率为16．7％和13．3％,差异均无统计学意义：B组苏醒期躁动发生率为10．0％,较A组的30．0％低．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论右美托咪定在手术围拔管期的应用能较好地用于儿童扁桃体手术术后拔管期的镇静,稳定患儿循环情况,减少苏醒期躁动的发生。     

阻断交感神经对小鼠胚胎植入和子宫局部免疫的影响

目的探究交感神经对小鼠妊娠早期胚胎发育作用的机制。方法利用组织学、免疫组织化学和酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）方法观察化学阻断剂6．羟多巴胺（6．OHDA）损毁交感神经对小鼠妊娠早期子宫局部免疫水平和早期胚胎发育的影响。结果化学损毁交感神经后，小鼠受孕率下降，胚胎植入数减少约64．4％；妊娠鼠子宫内膜固有层不发达，微血管分布少；子宫CD4^＋T细胞略有增多，而CD8^＋T细胞明显增加，特别在E3和E5，与对照组比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）；细胞因子IL-2含量升高，尤其E5升高最明显，达3．6倍，而IL-4含量仅在E5有明显升高，1L-2，1L-4比值显著升高。结论交感神经对孕小鼠子宫内膜组织学结构和子宫CD4^＋／CD8^＋T细胞与Th1／Th2细胞比值的影响可能是调控胚胎植入和早期发育的机制之一。     

右美托咪定预充对体外循环下心脏手术患者肾功能的影响

目的 探讨体外循环过程中,预充右美托咪定对心脏手术患者肾功能的影响。方法 2014年1月~2017年1月于天津市第一中心医院择期行CPB心脏直视手术患者86例,随机分为对照组（C组）与观察组（D组）,各43例。D组预充液加右美托咪定注射液1 μg/kg,C组预充液加等量生理盐水。在转机前（T0）,转机后10 min（T1）,升主动脉阻断后10 min（T2）,升主动脉开放后10 min（T3）,CPB结束后（T4）抽取血样检测NGAL、Cys-C和β2-MG;在各时间点经食道超声监测两组患者肾动脉内径、肾动脉平均血流速度和肾血流量。结果 ①与T0比较,T3、T4时两组患者NGAL均升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;T4时C组NGAL水平高于D组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;②与T0比较,T3、T4时两组患者Cys-C均升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但两组间Cys-C水平各时间点比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;③与T0比较,T2、T3和T4两组β2-MG均升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且T2、T3和T4时,D组患者β2-MG水平均低于C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;④D组患者动脉平均血流速度在T3、T4时均高于T0时,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,肾血流量在T2、T3和T4时均高于T0时,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;T3、T4时刻,D组患者肾动脉平均血流速度均高于C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）; T2、T3和T4时刻,D组患者肾血流量均高于C组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 右美托咪定对CPB下心脏手术围术期肾功能具有保护作用,可有效抑制肾脏损伤,维持肾血流动力学稳定,提高围术期安全性。     

Aldosterone Modulates Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Neonatal Rat Heart

In the present study, we investigated whether and how the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone affects cardiac growth and development through apoptosis and cell proliferation in the neonatal rat heart. Newborn rat pups were treated with spironolactone (200 mg/kg/d) for 7 days. The cell proliferation was studied by PCNA immunostaining. The treatment with spironolactone decreased proliferating myocytes by 32% (P<0.05), and reduced myocytes apoptosis by 29% (P<0.05). Immunoblot and immunohistochemistry for the expression of p38, p53, clusterin, TGF-β2, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase were performed. In the spironolactone group, p38, p53, clusterin, and TGF-β2 protein expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results indicate that aldosterone inhibition in the developing rat heart induces cardiac growth impairment by decreasing proliferation and apoptosis of myocytes.     

Analgesic Effects of Dexmedetomidine in Vincristine-Evoked Painful Neuropathic Rats

Dexmedetomidine, which is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, was recently introduced into clinical practice for its analgesic properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine in a vincristine-evoked neuropathic rat models. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with vincristine or saline (0.1 mg/kg/day) using a 5-day-on, 2-day-off schedule for 2 weeks. Saline and dexmedetomidine (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg) were injected to rats developed allodynia 14 days after vincristine injection, respectively. We evaluated allodynia at before, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min, and 24 hr after intraperitoneal drug (normal saline or dexmedetomidine) injection. Saline treatment did not show any differences for all the allodynia. Maximal paw withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli were 3.0 ± 0.4, 9.1 ± 1.9, 13.0 ± 3.6, 16.6 ± 2.4, and 24.4 ± 1.6 g at saline, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg dexmedetomidine injection, respectively. Minimal withdrawal frequency to cold stimuli were 73.3 ± 4.2, 57.1 ± 6.8, 34.3 ± 5.7, 20.0 ± 6.2, and 14.3 ± 9.5 g at saline, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg dexmedetomidine injection, respectively. Dexmedetomidine shows a dose-dependent antiallodynic effect on mechanical and cold stimuli in vincristine-evoked neuropathic rat models (P < 0.05).     

高效氯氰菊酯暴露对小鼠子宫内膜蜕膜化的影响

目的 探讨高效氯氰菊酯暴露对小鼠子宫内膜蜕膜化的影响。方法 将SPF级断奶昆明雌鼠40只随机分为对照组和实验组,每组20只,以灌胃方式染毒90 d。对照组给予玉米油灌胃;实验组给予10 mg/（kg·bw·d）β-CP+玉米油灌胃。染毒结束后,随机抽取对照组和实验组各10只发情期雌鼠分别与雄鼠合拢,次日清晨见阴栓记为孕1 d（D1）,于D8 d处死小鼠。各组剩余雌鼠与输精管结扎的雄鼠合笼建立假孕模型,于假孕第4天（PD4）小鼠宫角注射玉米油。D8和PD8 d摘取小鼠子宫,观察胚胎着床情况和蜕膜化诱导情况及镜下观察子宫内膜厚度。采用RT-PCR和ELISA法分别检测检测蜕膜化标志分子dtPRP和BMP2的表达。结果 β-CP暴露降低了小鼠蜕膜化诱导成功率,降低了子宫内膜厚度及dtPRP和BMP2的表达（P＜0.05）。与对照组的人工诱导蜕膜化成功率（100.00%）相比,实验组小鼠的人工诱导蜕膜化成功率（30%）下降,差异有统计学意义（?字2=10.77,P＜0.05）。结论 β-CP暴露通过抑制dtPRP和BMP2的表达影响小鼠子宫内膜的蜕膜化,降低了子宫内膜厚度,影响了胚胎着床。     

Induction of Anti-Tumour Immunity in Syngeneic Mice by Leukaemic Cell Line

Induction of anti-tumour immunity in syngeneic mice by LBC cell line derived from a non-immunogenic T cell leukaemia was studied. The immunization of BALB/c mice with LBC irradiated cells induced in them anti-tumour spleen cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes and anti-LBC antibodies. The anti-LBC antibodies reacted with components of 14, 16 and 27kDa present on LB tumour cells, LBC cell line and normal thymocytes, but not with normal lymph node cells. Furthermore, immunization of the autologous hosts with LBC cells partially protected them against subsequent challenge with the original LB leukaemic cells. These findings demonstrate that culture conditions induced modifications in the antigenic properties of the leukaemic cells, allowing LBC cells to stimulate an immune response directed against components expressed at early stages during T cell maturation. These results also suggest that the Immune response is responsible for the prolongation of the survival time of the mice inoculated with the parental leukaemic cells.     

太空及微重力环境对免疫系统影响的研究进展

空间飞行对机体的免疫系统的影响很大,胸腺及脾脏有萎缩性变化,各种免疫细胞的功能都有所降低.其影响的机制非常复杂,主要涉及两方面,一是空间环境造成机体的神经内分泌机能发生改变,从而影响免疫功能;二是空间失重环境导致免疫细胞的结构和功能发生变化.航天中的其他因素,如应激、噪声、辐射等也会对改变机体的免疫功能.     

Effect of Biophytum sensitivum on Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Mice

Effect of Biophytum sensitivum on cell-mediated immune response was studied in normal as well as Ehrlich ascites tumor bearing BALB/c mice. Administration of Biophytum sensitivum significantly enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes, thymocytes and bone marrow cells by stimulating the mitogenic potential of various mitogens such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Concanavalin A (Con A), Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Poke Weed Mitogen (PWM). Natural killer (NK) cell activity was enhanced significantly by Biophytum sensitivum in both the normal (43.6% cell lysis on day 5) and the tumor bearing group (48.2% cell lysis on day 5), and it was found to be earlier than tumor bearing control animals (maximum of 13.4% cell lysis on day 9). Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was also enhanced significantly in both Biophytum treated normal (35% cell lysis on day 7) as well as tumor bearing animals (40.2% cell lysis on day 7) compared to untreated control tumor bearing animals (maximum of 12.3% cell lysis on day 11). An early antibody dependent complement mediated cytotoxicity (ACC) was also observed in the Biophytum treated normal (22.6% cell lysis, on day 15) and tumor bearing animals (26.4% cell lysis, on day 15). Results of our present study suggest the immunomodulatory property of Biophytum sensitivum.     

植物血凝素(PHA)对小鼠骨髓粒—单祖细胞增殖的影响

用体外琼脂培养法研究了PHA对小鼠骨髓CFU-GM的影响,结果表明,小鼠经腹腔注射PHA后,对小鼠CFU-GM产率和自杀率的影响随PHA的剂量不同而异,20～40mg/kg的PHA能明显提高CFU-GM的产率,其作用时间维持3天,剂量大于50mg/kg,可抑制CFU-GM产率。PHA组自杀率较对照组明显提高,提示适量的PHA在体内可促进小鼠CFU-GM的增殖,使更多的CFU-GM由Go期进入S期。将PHA直接加入无CSF的培养体系中,未见集落生长。此项结果提示PHA可能通过间接机制而非直接作用于CFU-GM。     

Effect of Biophytum sensitivum on Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Mice

Effect of Biophytum sensitivum on cell-mediated immune response was studied in normal as well as Ehrlich ascites tumor bearing BALB/c mice. Administration of Biophytum sensitivum significantly enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes, thymocytes and bone marrow cells by stimulating the mitogenic potential of various mitogens such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Concanavalin A (Con A), Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and Poke Weed Mitogen (PWM). Natural killer (NK) cell activity was enhanced significantly by Biophytum sensitivum in both the normal (43.6% cell lysis on day 5) and the tumor bearing group (48.2% cell lysis on day 5), and it was found to be earlier than tumor bearing control animals (maximum of 13.4% cell lysis on day 9). Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was also enhanced significantly in both Biophytum treated normal (35% cell lysis on day 7) as well as tumor bearing animals (40.2% cell lysis on day 7) compared to untreated control tumor bearing animals (maximum of 12.3% cell lysis on day 11). An early antibody dependent complement mediated cytotoxicity (ACC) was also observed in the Biophytum treated normal (22.6% cell lysis, on day 15) and tumor bearing animals (26.4% cell lysis, on day 15). Results of our present study suggest the immunomodulatory property of Biophytum sensitivum.     

右美托咪定改善全麻苏醒期患者血液动力学及 医院感染的疗效观察

目的 分析右美托咪定对全麻苏醒期血液动力学及医院感染的改善效果。方法 选取2016年9月~2017年9月我院收治的86例接受腹腔手术的胆结石患者为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各43例。对照组患者均接受本院传统的全麻诱导及腹腔手术治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上实施全麻诱导+右美托咪定诱导镇静。比较两组患者术后苏醒时间、躁动率、脉搏指标水平、呼吸道及伤口感染率情况。结果 两组患者手术时间及术后苏醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,观察组患者苏醒期躁动发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者苏醒期心率、平均动脉压和脉搏血氧饱和度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组患者苏醒期的医院感染率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 全麻诱导前静脉注射右美托咪定可以有效改善患者的血液动力水平,稳定患者情绪降低躁动比例以及减少术后感染率,值得推广应用。