Pregnancy-induced physiological hypertrophy protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury

Objective: Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory response of the heart to maintain its pumping capacity. Cardiac hypertrophy can be divided into pathological hypertrophy and physiological hypertrophy. The major forms of physiological hypertrophy include developing in response to developmental maturation, exercise, and pregnancy, which is adaptive and beneficial. Exercise has well-known beneficial cardiovascular effects and has recently been shown to be protective for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, there are conflicting reports for the cardiac protective effects of pregnancy-induced hypertrophy. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pregnancy-induced physiological hypertrophy in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury and if cardiac progenitor cells were activated during pregnancy. Methods: Physiological hypertrophy was induced in pregnancy and the mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) analysis. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to determine the cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. c-Kit and Nkx2.5 levels were determined by RT-PCRs, western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Results: Heart weight (HW) and the ratio of HW to tibia length were increased while mRNA levels of ANP and BNP remained unchanged. Pregnancy-induced physiological hypertrophy protected against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. In pregnancy, c-Kit positive cardiac progenitor cells were activated. Conclusion: This study presents that pregnancy-induced physiological hypertrophy activates cardiac progenitor cells and thereafter protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

Increased cardiac weight in interleukin-6 transgenic mice with viral infection accompanies impaired expression of natriuretic peptide genes

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) regulate cardiac hypertrophy. We investigated ventricular alterations of ANP and BNP in interleukin-6 (IL-6) transgenic mice (TG) and wild type (WT) mice with or without viral infection. The ANP and BNP mRNA/GAPDH mRNA ratios in the ventricles of IL-6 TG mice were twice that of WT mice, but were not increased significantly by viral inoculation. In WT mice, both ANP and BNP responses were significantly increased in the ventricles of mice 10 days after encephalomyocarditis (EMC) viral inoculation. Cardiac weight in IL-6 TG mice was significantly greater than in WT 10 days after viral inoculation. Left ventricular wall thickness and the diameter of ventricular myocytes also were greater in IL-6 TG than WT after viral infection. Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocyte showed that IL-6 increased ANP and BNP mRNA expression in a dose-responsive fashion. In summary, overexpression of ANP and BNP occurs in the ventricles of IL-6 TG mice, along with increased cardiac weight after infection with EMC virus, and impaired responses in the expression of ANP and BNP.     

组蛋白乙酰化修饰失衡在苯肾上腺素诱导小鼠心肌肥厚中的调控作用

目的:探讨苯肾上腺素诱导小鼠心肌肥厚的组蛋白乙酰化调控机制,为防治肥厚性心肌病提供新的思路。方法:选取健康C57BL/6小鼠,苯肾上腺素皮下注射建立小鼠心肌肥厚模型,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)和染色质免疫共沉淀技术(chromatin immunoprecipitation,ChIP)分别检测心脏核转录因子GATA结合蛋白4(GATA binding protein 4,GATA4)mRNA表达水平及其启动子区组蛋白H3第27位赖氨酸乙酰化(H3K27ac)水平,Western blot检测小鼠心肌组织组蛋白H3K27ac、心房钠尿肽(atrial natriuretic peptide,ANP)及α-肌球蛋白重链(α-myosin heavy chain,α-MHC)的表达,HE染色及超声心动图观察小鼠心肌肥厚。结果:Western blot及ChIP-qPCR表明小鼠心肌组织组蛋白H3K27ac水平及GATA4启动子区组蛋白H3K27ac水平在苯肾上腺素组显著高于生理盐水对照组(P0.05),GATA4及ANP的表达水平在苯肾上腺素组也显著高于生理盐水对照组(P0.05);而组蛋白乙酰化酶抑制剂漆树酸能够降低苯肾上腺素诱导的组蛋白H3K27的高乙酰化,且GATA4mRNA及ANP蛋白的表达水平在漆树酸处理组也显著降低(P0.05);HE染色及超声心动图显示苯肾上腺素能够降低左室收缩末期内径(left ventricular end-systolic diameter,LVESD)和左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular enddiastolic diameter,LVEDD)并增加左室后壁(left ventricular posterior wall,LVPW)厚度,诱导小鼠心肌肥厚,而漆树酸能够提高LVESD和LVEDD并降低LVPW厚度,从而改善小鼠心肌肥厚。结论:组蛋白乙酰化修饰失衡参与了苯肾上腺素诱导的小鼠心肌肥厚,而组蛋白乙酰化酶抑制剂漆树酸能够下调苯肾上腺素诱导的组蛋白高乙酰化进而改善小鼠心肌肥厚。     

Transplantation of bone marrow-derived very small embryonic-like stem cells attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction

Adult bone marrow (BM) contains Sca-1+/Lin-/CD45- very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) that express markers of several lineages, including cardiac markers, and differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro. We examined whether BM-derived VSELs promote myocardial repair after a reperfused myocardial infarction (MI). Mice underwent a 30-minute coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion and received intramyocardial injection of vehicle (n= 11), 1 x 10(5) Sca-1+/Lin-/CD45+ enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled hematopoietic stem cells (n= 13 [cell control group]), or 1 x 10(4) Sca-1+/Lin-/CD45- EGFP-labeled cells (n= 14 [VSEL-treated group]) at 48 hours after MI. At 35 days after MI, VSEL-treated mice exhibited improved global and regional left ventricular (LV) systolic function (echocardiography) and attenuated myocyte hypertrophy in surviving tissue (histology and echocardiography) compared with vehicle-treated controls. In contrast, transplantation of Sca-1+/Lin-/CD45+ cells failed to confer any functional or structural benefits. Scattered EGFP+ myocytes and capillaries were present in the infarct region in VSEL-treated mice, but their numbers were very small. These results indicate that transplantation of a relatively small number of CD45- VSELs is sufficient to improve LV function and alleviate myocyte hypertrophy after MI, supporting the potential therapeutic utility of these cells for cardiac repair. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.     

ECE1过表达通过eNOS/NO通路促进AngⅡ诱导的体外培养大鼠心肌细胞肥大和凋亡

目的:探讨过表达内皮素转换酶1(ECE1)对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的体外培养大鼠H9C2心肌细胞肥大和凋亡的影响.方法:采用AngⅡ作用于体外培养的H9C2心肌细胞,建立心肌细胞肥大模型.将细胞分为空白对照组、AngⅡ组、AngⅡ+质粒空载体(AngⅡ+NC)组和AngⅡ+ECE1过表达组.CCK-8法检测细胞活...     

芳香烃受体在体外高糖环境诱导心肌肥大过程中的表达

目的:观察高糖环境诱导心肌细胞肥大过程中芳香烃受体(AhR)的表达情况,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:以体外培养的大鼠心肌细胞H9c2为研究对象,实验分为正常糖浓度组、高糖组、DMSO组和白藜芦醇(AhR拮抗剂)组。免疫荧光染色观察AhR的表达情况,罗丹明标记的鬼笔环肽染色细胞骨架并计算细胞表面积,DCFH-DA法检测细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)的生成水平,实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot法检测AhR、CYP1A1、心钠素(ANP)和脑钠素(BNP)的表达情况。结果:正常糖浓度环境下,AhR的表达主要定位于细胞质,高糖刺激时转入细胞核内。高糖刺激可促使心肌细胞肥大、心肌细胞内ROS生成增加,白藜芦醇阻滞AhR后,心肌肥大得到明显改善,同时ROS生成水平明显减少。与正常糖浓度组及白藜芦醇组相比,高糖组的AhR、CYP1A1、ANP和BNP mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高,上述指标高糖组与DMSO组相比差异无统计学显著性,而白藜芦醇组明显低于DMSO组。结论:在高糖诱导的心肌肥大过程,心肌细胞的AhR表达增加可能参与维持正常糖代谢过程;高糖环境可激活AhR转入细胞核内,上调CYP1A1的表达,并促进ROS的生成,这可能是高糖诱导心肌肥大的重要机制之一。     

Vagal reflex actions of atrial natriuretic peptide survive physiological but not pathological cardiac hypertrophy in rat

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) enhances cardiac vagal baroreflexes in normotensive animals. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) this effect of ANP was absent. The reflex actions of ANP were preserved if hypertrophy was completely prevented in SHRs. However even a small amount of cardiac hypertrophy, with no hypertension, in SHRs was accompanied by a loss of the reflex bradycardic actions of ANP. In the present study, we investigated whether pathophysiological cardiac hypertrophy, induced by one-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension (1K-1C; n = 6), or physiological cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic spontaneous, wheel-running exercise training (n = 7), similarly prevented vagal reflex actions of ANP. Cardiac baroreceptor-activated bradycardia was measured during rapid ramp increases ( approximately 5 s) in blood pressure after bolus doses of methoxamine or vehicle in conscious, chronically instrumented rats during infusions of ANP (50 pmol kg(-1) min(-1)). Compared with uninephrectomised control rats (n = 10), rats with 1K-1C had cardiac hypertrophy (approximately 55% increase in left ventricle:body weight (LV:BW) ratio; P < 0.05) and blunted vagal baroreflex gain (-0.93 +/- 0.18 versus-0.50 +/- 0.13 beats min(-1) mmHg(-1); P < 0.05). ANP did not augment baroreflex function in 1K-1C. Compared with their sedentary controls (n = 7), exercise-trained rats with cardiac hypertrophy ( approximately 20% increase LV:BW ratio; P < 0.05) also had blunted ramp baroreflex bradycardia (-1.28 +/- 0.23 versus-0.57 +/- 0.09 beats min(-1) mmHg(-1); P < 0.05). In contrast, ANP more than doubled baroreflex bradycardia in exercise-trained rats (P < 0.05). The aetiology of cardiac hypertrophy therefore influenced whether ANP retained its vagal baroreflex enhancing properties.     

Gene expression profiling of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats

AIMS: Exercise training causes physiological cardiac hypertrophy, which acts to enhance cardiac function during exercise. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. We investigated gene expression profile of exercise training-induced cardiac hypertrophy using left ventricle (LV) excised from exercise-trained and sedentary control rats (12-week old). METHOD: Rats in the training group exercised on a treadmill for 8-week. RESULTS: Left ventricular mass index and wall thickness in the exercise-trained group were significantly greater than that in the control group, indicating that the trained rats developed cardiac hypertrophy. Of the 3800 genes analysed in the microarray analyses, a total of 75 relevant genes (upregulation of 33 genes and downregulation of 42 genes) displayed alterations with exercise training. Among these genes, we focused on glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta, calcineurin-inhibitor (Cain), and endothelin (ET)-1 for their implicated roles in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and confirmed the results of microarray analysis at mRNA and protein/peptide levels using quantitative PCR, Western blot, and EIA analyses. The gene expression of GSK-3beta decreased significantly and those of Cain and ET-1 increased significantly with exercise training. Furthermore, LV mass index was significantly correlated with GSK-3beta protein activity (r = -0.70, P < 0.01) and tissue ET-1 concentration (r = 0.52, P < 0.05). There were no changes in gene expressions in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), angiotensin-correcting enzyme (ACE), interleukin-6, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that physiological and pathological LV hypertrophy may share some of the same molecular mechanisms in inducing LV hypertrophy (e.g. GSK-3beta, Cain, and ET-1) and that other genes (e.g. BNP, ACE) may differentiate physiological from pathological LV hypertrophy.     

Inhibition of mTORC1 renders cardiac protection against lipopolysaccharide

Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is a severe clinical problem. It is evident that rapamycin can protect heart from pathological injuries. However, there are no data demonstrating rapamycin reverse cardiac dysfunction induced by sepsis. In this study, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administrated to mice and H9c2 cells. After treatment, we further determined cardiac function by echocardiography, ANP, BNP and inflammatory markers by qPCR and apoptosis by TUNEL staining. Moreover, mTORC1 signaling pathway and Akt activity were measured by Western blots. We found that rapamycin attenuated cardiac dysfunction, increase in ANP and BNP as well as apoptosis induced by LPS both in mice and in H9c2 cells. Unexpectedly, LPS did not significantly affect the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, rapamycin further reduced the decrease in mTORC1 signaling and Akt activity induced by LPS. In conclusion, rapamycin can protect heart from LPS induced damages by inhibition mTORC1 signaling and elevation of Akt activity.     

抑制Rac1通过降低磷酸化p38MAPK提高1型糖尿病小鼠的心脏功能

目的:探讨抑制Rac1对1型糖尿病小鼠心肌细胞肥大、心脏功能的影响及其作用机制。方法:50只8周龄雄性C57小鼠随机分为对照组(control,n=10)、Rac1抑制剂NSC23766对照组(NSC,n=10)、1型糖尿病组(STZ,n=15)及NSC治疗组(STZ+NSC,n=15)。小鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立1型糖尿病动物模型,血糖升高后给予小鼠腹腔注射NSC23766,实验于8周末结束,记录实验小鼠生存率、测量小鼠体重及左室重量并计算左室重量指数,运用超声心动图检测小鼠心脏功能,心肌组织进行HE染色结合图像分析软件定量心肌细胞大小,运用实时定量RT-PCR技术检测心肌组织心房利钠肽(ANP)、脑利尿肽(BNP)、β-肌球蛋白重链(β-MHC)mRNA表达,以Westernblotting定量心肌组织磷酸化p38丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(pho-p38MAPK)表达。结果:抑制Rac1后:(1)糖尿病小鼠生存率提高、糖尿病小鼠左室重量指数降低(P0.01)、心脏左室射血分数(EF)增加、左室短轴缩短率增加(FS)(P0.01);(2)心肌细胞大小明显降低(P0.01);(3)心肌肥大相关基因ANP、BNP、β-MHC表达明显降低(P0.01);(4)心肌组织pho-p38MAPK表达明显降低(P0.01)。结论:抑制Rac1活性显著改善1型糖尿病小鼠心脏功能、降低心肌细胞肥大,其机制可能与明显降低心肌组织磷酸化p38MAPK密切相关。     

Progenitor/stem cell fate determination: interactive dynamics of cell cycle and microvesicles

We have shown that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell phenotype and differentiative potential change throughout cell cycle. Lung-derived microvesicles (LDMVs) also change marrow cell phenotype by inducing them to express pulmonary epithelial cell-specific mRNA and protein. These changes are accentuated when microvesicles isolated from injured lung. We wish to determine if microvesicle-treated stem/progenitor cell phenotype is linked to cell cycle and to the injury status of the lung providing microvesicles. Lineage depleted, Sca-1+ (Lin-/Sca-1+) marrow isolated from mice were cultured with interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-6, IL-11, and stem cell factor (cytokine-cultured cells), removed at hours zero (cell cycle phase G0/G1), 24 (late G1/early S), and 48 (late S/early G2/M), and cocultured with lung tissue, lung conditioned media (LCM), or LDMV from irradiated or nonirradiated mice. Alternatively, Lin-/Sca-1+ cells not exposed to exogenous cytokines were separated into G0/G1 and S/G2/M cell cycle phase populations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and used in coculture. Separately, LDMV from irradiated and nonirradiated mice were analyzed for the presence of adhesion proteins. Peak pulmonary epithelial cell-specific mRNA expression was seen in G0/G1 cytokine-cultured cells cocultured with irradiated lung and in late G1/early S cells cocultured with nonirradiated lung. The same pattern was seen in cytokine-cultured Lin-/Sca-1 cells cocultured with LCM and LDMV and when FACS-separated Lin-/Sca-1 cells unexposed to exogenous cytokines were used in coculture. Cells and LDMV expressed adhesion proteins whose levels differed based on cycle status (cells) or radiation injury (LDMV), suggesting a mechanism for microvesicle entry. These data demonstrate that microvesicle modification of progenitor/stem cells is influenced by cell cycle and the treatment of the originator lung tissue.     

细胞外信号调节激酶1在甲状腺素诱导的母源性甲状腺功能亢进 仔鼠心肌中的差异表达*

目的：研究甲状腺素诱导的母源性甲状腺功能亢进（ 甲亢）对新生仔鼠心以及心肌肥厚信号通路关键酶表 达的影响。方法：建立妊娠合并甲亢模型,取母源性甲亢和对照仔鼠心,进行解剖学检查以及心肌组织光、电镜 检查,采用实时定量PCR法检测心房钠肽（ANP）、脑钠肽（BNP）、β- 肌球蛋白重链（β-MHC）、细胞外信号调 节激酶1（ERK1）、钙调素依赖型蛋白激酶Ⅱ（CaMK-Ⅱ）、信号传导与转录激活因子（STAT）-3、磷脂酰肌醇3- 激酶（PI3K）的表达,采用免疫印迹检测ERK1、CaMK-Ⅱ、STAT-3、PI3K 的表达。结果：母源性甲亢仔鼠出现 心肌细胞体积增大,线粒体大小不均、形态不规则;实时定量PCR显示母源性甲亢仔鼠心肌中ANP、BNP、β-MHC 均高表达, 实时定量PCR和Western blot 结果显示母源性甲亢仔鼠心肌中ERK1的表达上调, 而CaMK-Ⅱ、 STAT-3、PI3K 与同期对照组的表达无统计学差异。结论：甲状腺素诱导的母源性甲亢对新生仔鼠心肌组织有一 定的影响,并引起了ERK1的差异表达。     

Gene expression profiling of exercise‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats

Aims: Exercise training causes physiological cardiac hypertrophy, which acts to enhance cardiac function during exercise. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. We investigated gene expression profile of exercise training‐induced cardiac hypertrophy using left ventricle (LV) excised from exercise‐trained and sedentary control rats (12‐week old). Method: Rats in the training group exercised on a treadmill for 8‐week. Results: Left ventricular mass index and wall thickness in the exercise‐trained group were significantly greater than that in the control group, indicating that the trained rats developed cardiac hypertrophy. Of the 3800 genes analysed in the microarray analyses, a total of 75 relevant genes (upregulation of 33 genes and downregulation of 42 genes) displayed alterations with exercise training. Among these genes, we focused on glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β, calcineurin‐inhibitor (Cain), and endothelin (ET)‐1 for their implicated roles in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and confirmed the results of microarray analysis at mRNA and protein/peptide levels using quantitative PCR, Western blot, and EIA analyses. The gene expression of GSK‐3β decreased significantly and those of Cain and ET‐1 increased significantly with exercise training. Furthermore, LV mass index was significantly correlated with GSK‐3β protein activity (r = ?0.70, P < 0.01) and tissue ET‐1 concentration (r = 0.52, P < 0.05). There were no changes in gene expressions in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), angiotensin‐correcting enzyme (ACE), interleukin‐6, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1. Conclusion: These findings suggest that physiological and pathological LV hypertrophy may share some of the same molecular mechanisms in inducing LV hypertrophy (e.g. GSK‐3β, Cain, and ET‐1) and that other genes (e.g. BNP, ACE) may differentiate physiological from pathological LV hypertrophy.     

缬沙坦诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向心肌样细胞分化

目的 探讨缬沙坦诱导人脐带间充质干细胞（hUCMSCs）向心肌样细胞分化的潜能。方法 hUCMSCs经缬沙坦诱导后培养1～3 周, 应用心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）和GATA结合蛋白4重组蛋白（GATA4）抗体进行免疫细胞化学和免疫荧光染色,鉴定分化后的细胞。通过RT-PCR检测心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)基因、心肌相关转录因子和心肌细胞发育相关基因的mRNA表达,进行hUCMSCs的心肌分化潜能和缬沙坦诱导能力的分析。结果 人脐带间充质干细胞形态为均一的纤维状细胞,呈漩涡状排列。缬沙坦诱导后明显变小呈短梭形且不规则排列。免疫细胞化学和免疫荧光结果显示,诱导组细胞有心肌特异蛋白cTnI和心肌相关转录因子GATA4蛋白表达,对照组较少。RT-PCR结果显示,人脐带间充质干细胞自发的、持续性表达心肌相关转录因子Tbx5、GATA4和Nkx2.5的mRNA,经缬沙坦诱导1周时其mRNA表达水平略有上升,随后逐渐下降。cTnI的mRNA在诱导第3周时出现,未见心肌发育相关基因心房利钠肽（ANP）和β-心肌肌球蛋白重链（β-MHC）的mRNA表达。 结论 人脐带间充质干细胞具有心肌分化潜能但无法自发分化;缬沙坦具有诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向心肌样细胞分化的能力。     

The role of the sca-1+/CD31- cardiac progenitor cell population in postinfarction left ventricular remodeling

Cardiac stem cell-like populations exist in adult hearts, and their roles in cardiac repair remain to be defined. Sca-1 is an important surface marker for cardiac and other somatic stem cells. We hypothesized that heart-derived Sca-1(+)/CD31(-) cells may play a role in myocardial infarction-induced cardiac repair/remodeling. Mouse heart-derived Sca-1(+)/CD31(-) cells cultured in vitro could be induced to express both endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte markers. Immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis indicated that endogenous Sca-1(+)/CD31(-) cells were significantly increased in the mouse heart 7 days after myocardial infarction (MI). Western blotting confirmed elevated Sca-1 protein expression in myocardium 7 days after MI. Transplantation of Sca-1(+)/CD31(-) cells into the acutely infarcted mouse heart attenuated the functional decline and adverse structural remodeling initiated by MI as evidenced by an increased left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, a decreased LV end-diastolic dimension, a decreased LV end-systolic dimension, a significant increase of myocardial neovascularization, and modest cardiomyocyte regeneration. Attenuation of LV remodeling was accompanied by remarkably improved myocardial bioenergetic characteristics. The beneficial effects of cell transplantation appear to primarily depend on paracrine effects of the transplanted cells on new vessel formation and native cardiomyocyte function. Sca-1(+)/CD31(-) cells may hold therapeutic possibilities with regard to the treatment of ischemic heart disease.     

白藜芦醇抑制高糖诱导的H9C2心肌细胞系肥大

目的观察白藜芦醇对高糖诱导H9C2心肌细胞系氧化应激和肥大的作用及其可能机制。方法将H9C2心肌细胞分为正常糖浓度组(NG组)、高糖组(HG组)、白芦藜醇组(Res组)和白藜芦醇+DAPT组(Res+DAPT组)。用鬼笔环肽检测细胞表面积;DCFH-DA法检测细胞内活性氧簇(ROS);比色法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot检测Notch1、Hes1、ANP、BNP mRNA和蛋白表达。结果与NG组相比,高糖可诱导心肌细胞肥大(P0.01),ROS和MDA含量增加(P0.01),SOD活性下降(P0.01),伴随ANP和BNP基因及蛋白表达增加(P0.05),Notch1和Hes1表达下降(P0.05),白藜芦醇处理后可逆转心肌细胞肥大(P0.01),减轻ROS和MDA氧化损伤(P0.01),增加SOD活性(P0.01),抑制ANP和BNP表达(P0.05),增加Notch1及Hes1表达(P0.05)。结论白藜芦醇可能通过改善氧化应激,活化Notch1/Hes1信号通路抑制高糖引起的H9C2心肌细胞肥大。     

神经嵴细胞和胰岛因子1阳性细胞与小鼠胚胎心流出道发育的关系

目的 探讨迁移中的细胞视黄酸结合蛋白1(CRABP1)阳性神经嵴细胞、胰岛因子1(ISL-1)、阳性心肌前体细胞与小鼠胚胎心流出道发育的关系.方法 36只胚龄8.5～13d小鼠胚胎心连续石蜡切片,选用抗α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、抗心肌肌球蛋白重链(MHC)、抗转录因子ISL-1、抗CRABP1和抗磷酸化组蛋白H3(PHH3)抗体,进行免疫组织化学及免疫荧光染色.结果 胚龄8.5～10d,ISL-1阳性心肌前体细胞相继出现在心背系膜、原始咽两侧、头面部、鳃弓核心间充质和心包腔背侧壁间充质,构成心管流出道发育的第二生心区.胚龄11～13d,ISL-1阳性细胞在咽前方聚集,形成特征性锥体形结构,并向升主动脉、肺动脉干及主肺动脉隔延伸.胚龄9d前,神经嵴细胞散在分布于ISL-1阳性细胞之间,流出道远侧端可见少量CRABP1和ISL-1双阳性细胞.胚龄10d,CRABP1阳性神经嵴细胞分布在ISL-1阳性鳃弓核心间充质周围.随着发育,弓动脉等处的神经嵴细胞逐渐失去CRABP1表达,开始表达α-SMA.结论 ISL-1阳性第二生心区是动态结构,胚龄8.5～10d时,在神经嵴细胞配合下,向心管动脉端添加心肌细胞;胚龄11d后,开始向平滑肌方向分化,参与升主动脉、肺动脉干和主肺动脉隔的发育.