内窥镜下鼻内蝶窦手术

在鼻内窥镜下经鼻内筛窦以及经鼻腔途径进入蝶窦，克服了以往处理蝶窦的复杂手术的弊端。本文总结了经以上二途径处理43例蝶窦病变的经验，认为此手术进路简便、安全、直视下操作、实用性强．可作为治疗蝶窦疾病的常规手术进路。     

鼻内窥镜手术并发症的预防

由于鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的手术区域与重要的解剖结构毗邻,且先天性因素和鼻腔病变会使局部解剖结构发生改变,增加了手术难度,因此,手术并发症时有发生.我们对1999年3月至2000年3月山东大学齐鲁医院耳鼻咽喉科行鼻内窥镜手术的154例中发生并发症4例的原因进行了分析.     

内窥镜下蝶窦和蝶鞍手术

目的 探讨内窥镜下蝶窦和蝶鞍区手术的体会。方法 内窥镜下治疗脑脊液蝶窦漏１例,蝶窦金属（子弹）异物３例,蝶窦囊肿５例,蝶窦霉菌病５例,蝶窦息肉１例,蝶筛窦腺癌１例;垂体腺瘤２３例（微腺瘤１７例,侵袭性腺瘤６例）,颅咽管瘤２例。结果 蝶窦囊肿、息肉和霉菌病治愈;垂体微腺瘤和１例颅咽管瘤全切术;侵袭性腺瘤、１例颅咽管瘤和蝶筛窦腺癌部分切除,死亡１例（垂体腺瘤术中出血）;脑脊液鼻漏治愈;蝶窦异物２例取出     

鼻内窥镜手术并发症及相关因素分析

目的 :探讨鼻内窥镜手术并发症发生的原因及其处理措施。方法 :对 5 2 6例鼻内窥镜手术中 31例并发症的情况进行分析 ,再手术者并发症的发生率为 38.9% ;术中出血量≥ 2 0 0ml者为 30 .2 % ;病史 >10年者为30 .0 %。结果 :除 1例视力障碍者未恢复外 ,其余均恢复正常。结论 :内窥镜鼻窦手术并发症与鼻腔正常结构的破坏、鼻腔鼻窦解剖结构变异、术中出血量及病程长短有关。对于并发症的处理方法应得当 ,必要时应请眼科医师协助处理     

内窥镜下蝶窦和蝶鞍手术

目的　探讨内窥镜下蝶窦和蝶鞍区手术的体会。方法　内窥镜下治疗脑脊液蝶窦漏 1例 ,蝶窦金属 (子弹 )异物 3例 ,蝶窦囊肿 5例 ,蝶窦霉菌病 5例 ,蝶窦息肉 1例 ,蝶筛窦腺癌 1例 ;垂体腺瘤 2 3例 (微腺瘤 17例 ,侵袭性腺瘤 6例 ) ,颅咽管瘤 2例。结果　蝶窦囊肿、息肉和霉菌病治愈 ;垂体微腺瘤和 1例颅咽管瘤全切术 ;侵袭性腺瘤、1例颅咽管瘤和蝶筛窦腺癌部分切除 ,死亡 1例 (垂体腺瘤术中出血 ) ;脑脊液鼻漏治愈 ;蝶窦异物 2例取出 ,失败 1例。结论　经鼻内窥镜蝶窦和蝶鞍手术定位准确 ,操作简单 ,安全有效 ,但有一定的适应证和并发症 ,须严格掌握和选择。     

内窥镜鼻窦手术的并发症及预防

目的：探讨鼻腔内窥镜手术可能出现的并发症及其预防措施。方法;分析行此种手术１００例中２６例出现并发症患者的临床资料。结果：２６例并发症包括：出血,脑脊液鼻漏,眶周血肿,眶周气肿,术后窦口闭锁及术腔粘连等;总发生率为２６％,结论：加强鼻内窥镜手术操作的训练,术前对患者术中可能发生的情况作出准确预测,术中仔细操作,是预防并发症发生的主要措施。     

功能性鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术的并发症与预防措施

功能性鼻内窥镜手术是近年来鼻科学领域中一项新技术，本文复习有关文献对手术并发症的解剖关系以及并发症的预防进行综述     

孤立性蝶窦疾病18例临床分析

目的：探讨孤立性蝶窦疾病的诊断及合理的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析18例经鼻内镜手术治疗的孤立性蝶窦疾病患者的临床资料。结果：18例中,炎性疾病l5例(急性炎症2例,慢性炎症3例,囊肿8例,真菌病2例),恶性肿瘤3例。经鼻内镜手术后随访3个月至半年,蝶窦前壁开窗通畅,窦腔各壁光滑,症状明显改善,无并发症发生。结论：头痛是孤立性蝶窦疾病的常见症状,另有视力损害、血性涕及其他脑神经麻痹症状,CT、MRI及鼻内镜检查为其诊断提供有力依据;鼻内镜手术治疗是一种安全、有效、简便的方法。     

鼻内窥镜下蝶筛区域手术51例临床分析

目的:探讨蝶筛区域病变的特点,提高对本病的诊断及治疗水平。方法:经鼻内窥镜行蝶筛区域手术51例,41例蝶筛窦同时受累者采用经筛窦进路,10例孤立性蝶窦病变采用经鼻腔进路。结果:均无大量出血及其它严重并发症。随访6～36个月,48例痊愈,3例复发,经再次手术后痊愈。结论:蝶筛区域位置隐蔽,早期无特征性症状,易被临床医师忽视。CT检查对本病有较大价值,且对手术具有指导作用;经鼻内窥镜对蝶筛区域病变进行手术治疗,具有创伤少,痛苦小,面部不遗留瘢痕的优点。     

经鼻内窥镜治疗真菌性蝶窦炎

目的探讨经鼻内窥镜治疗真菌性蝶窦炎的手术方法。方法9例真菌性蝶窦炎患者,均采用鼻窦内窥镜手术治疗。结果经6～36个月随访,9例均治愈。结论经鼻内窥镜手术治疗真菌性蝶窦炎具有手术进路安全,患者痛苦小,疗效肯定,术后不易复发等优点。     

鼻内镜下孤立性蝶窦病变手术15例

目的探讨鼻内镜下处理孤立性蝶窦病变的方法及疗效。方法对收治的15 例孤立性蝶窦病变的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果患者均于鼻内镜下顺利完成手术,无1 例发生严重并发症,均一次性治愈,随访半年无复发。结论鼻内镜手术是治疗孤立性蝶窦疾病安全、直接、有效的方法之一。     

Isolated sphenoid sinus pathology: spectrum of diagnostic and treatment modalities

Objective

Isolated sphenoid sinus pathology is a relatively uncommon entity. The present study is a retrospective review of 40 patients with isolated sphenoid sinus pathology who were treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Alexandria University between July 2002 and December 2005. Special emphasis will be given to the role of various endoscopic approaches in the surgical management of isolated sphenoid sinus pathology. Factors that govern the selection of each approach will be discussed.

Methods

Extracted data included patient demographics, clinical presentation, imaging studies, treatment modalities and complications. Sphenoid sinus was approached through one of the following three approaches: (1) endoscopic transnasal approach, (2) endoscopic transseptal approach and (3) endoscopic transpterygoid approach. Outcome measures were based on assessment of patients’ symptoms and confirmation of a patent sphenoid sinus by office endoscopy.

Results

The pathology spectrum was rather wide and included 26 (65%) inflammatory conditions (acute/chronic sphenoiditis, mucoceles, and fungal sinusitis), 7 (17.5%) neoplasms and 7 (17.5%) miscellaneous conditions (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, sphenochoanal polyp, and fibrous dysplasia). The most common initial symptom was headache (50%) followed by ophthalmological symptoms (22.5%). Other presenting symptoms included CSF leak in five patients, epistaxis in four patients and nasal obstruction and/or rhinorrhea in two patients. Radiological workup included computed tomography (CT) scan of the paranasal sinuses in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 21 patients (52.5%). The most common indication was a sphenoid mass based on endoscopic and CT findings. Four patients with acute/chronic sphenoiditis were successfully treated with medical therapy. One patient with fibrous dysplasia did not require any definitive treatment. Thirty-five patients underwent endoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia. An adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy was utilized in two patients.

Conclusions

A high index of clinical suspicion, routine office nasal endoscopy and radiological imaging are central to making an accurate and timely diagnosis of isolated sphenoid sinus pathology. Surgical treatment of sphenoid pathology can be safely and successfully performed through a variety of endoscopic approaches. Selection of the most appropriate endoscopic approach is governed by the nature and location of sphenoid pathology as well as the anatomical configuration of the sphenoid sinus.     

导航在鼻内镜下蝶窦手术的应用

目的 探讨影像导航系统在鼻内镜下蝶窦病变手术的应用及优势。方法 我们应用影像导航系统结合鼻内镜对37例蝶窦病变行手术,其中单纯蝶窦炎21例,干酪性蝶窦炎6例,蝶窦囊肿10例(其中黏液囊肿6例,黏膜囊肿4例)。患者均采用气管插管全麻,全麻后通过导航定位注册成功,根据手术中的需要标定探针或吸引器作为术中的定位设备,在鼻内镜下,通过使用导航定位设备以判断术中器械到达的具体位置、了解局部解剖关系,确定蝶窦位置,开放蝶窦,清除病变;针对蝶窦囊肿,则仅切除囊肿前壁或前下壁,凿孔孔径约1cm×0.5cm,勿需清除所有囊壁;蝶窦黏膜囊肿则需将囊肿完全清除。结果 37例手术均取得了成功,无术中、术后并发症发生。结论 影像导航系统结合鼻内镜治疗蝶窦病变可以有效地提高手术疗效和避免并发症的发生。     

Internal carotid artery injury during functional endoscopic sinus surgery and its management

Rupture of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a rare complication, which can potentially result in death. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature thus far. We present four cases with an ICA bleeding during sphenoidotomy. The treatment is discussed and an emergency plan to manage the heavy arterial bleeding is presented.     

鼻内镜下慢性蝶窦炎手术

目的：探讨经鼻内镜手术治疗慢性蝶窦炎的方法和疗效。方法：50例84侧慢性蝶窦炎患者，均采用鼻内镜手术治疗。结果：经6～12个月随访复查，根据内镜鼻窦手术疗效评定标准，治愈61侧，占72．62％；好转13侧，占15．48％；无效10侧，占11．90％；有效率为88．10％。结论：经鼻内镜手术治疗慢性蝶窦炎具有视野清楚，手术进路安全，创伤小，患者痛苦小，疗效好等优点。     

Endoscopic endonasal transseptal approach for localized sphenoid sinus diseases

Objective

Surgery for localized sphenoid sinus disease can be performed in different ways. Direct (transnasal) and indirect (transethmoidal) approaches are now prevalent in endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery (ESS) because they are safe and effective. However, the identification or treatment of a sinus is occasionally difficult due to the anatomical variation, postoperative changes, or other reasons. In such difficult cases, we currently used an endoscopic endonasal transseptal approach (EETA) to the sphenoid sinus. The indications, procedures, and outcomes of this surgical method are presented here.

Patients and methods

Six of 11 patients with localized sphenoid sinus disease (mycetoma, n = 1; mucocele, n = 5) were treated using EETA. Surgery was performed under local anesthesia in all subjects. Following endoscopic conventional septoplasty, the sphenoid sinus was opened by perforating the anterior wall through the septoplasty wound. The sphenoid disease was treated through this opening, and then drained to the nasal cavity.

Results

The patients operated on using EETA had no surgical complications or disease recurrence, and the use of navigation or fluoroscopy systems was not required. The mean follow-up period of the patients was 27.7 months (range 18–48 months). Follow-up management included endoscopic examination and computed tomography.

Conclusions

A transseptal approach to the sphenoid sinus with a sublabial incision was once frequently performed in pituitary surgery. We modified the transseptal approach as EETA with the use of an endoscope and endonasal incision. This approach is practical and reliable for ESS, and may serve as an alternative for difficult-to-manage sphenoid sinus disease. EETA can be performed in the office as it can be achieved under local anesthesia without a navigation system.     

Clinical characteristics and outcome in patients with isolated sphenoid sinus aspergilloma

Objective

Isolated sphenoid sinus aspergilloma (ISSA) is a rare disorder that is difficult to diagnose in a timely manner. These lesions can also extend to adjacent structures and thereby cause severe complications. ISSA patients with orbital complications typically have a poor prognosis even when surgical interventions have been successful. We here reviewed 30 ISSA cases with respect to clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes.

Methods

A group of 30 patients diagnosed with ISSA between January 1990 and October 2010 were retrospectively reviewed in terms of clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings, radiologic imaging data, and treatment results. We also compared the clinical manifestations and treatment results between patients with and without orbital complications.

Results

Old age (median, 55 years) and a female predominance (23 women in the study) were noted. The most commonly reported symptom was headache (80%) and the average duration of the symptoms before diagnosis was 8.1 months. On radiologic examination, including CT and MRI scans, 13 patients showed bony wall erosions and five patients demonstrated orbital complications including diplopia and visual loss. The appearance of a bony wall erosion on a CT scan and the acute onset of ISSA symptoms were found to be significant factors in the onset of orbital complications (P = 0.003 in each case). Endoscopic sphenoidotomy was performed in all 30 cases. Most of the preoperative symptoms among the patients, including headache, facial pain, and postnasal drip, were improved after surgery. Among the five patients in the study group with orbital complications, diplopia was completely resolved after surgery in each case but there was no improvement in visual loss.

Conclusions

An early diagnosis of ISSA, although not easy, is important to prevent complications arising from extensions of these lesions beyond the sphenoid sinus. Our present study demonstrates that ISSA could be effectively treated with an endoscopic sphenoidotomy, and that timely intervention is needed in patients with a sinus bony wall to prevent irreversible complications such as visual loss.