儿童弱视相关因素分析及治疗

目的:探讨儿童弱视的形成及治疗特点。方法:回顾性分析治疗的176例291眼儿童弱视的临床资料。结果:儿童弱视176例,轻度19例,中度81例,重度76例;屈光不正占68.75%,斜视占14.21%,屈光参差占11.93%,形觉剥夺性及先天性弱视分别占3.41%和1.70%;总治愈率70.80%。结论:儿童弱视多为功能性,疗效与患儿年龄、弱视类型和程度密切相关,以逐渐消除弱视眼黄斑的功能性抑制为重点的综合疗法是目前治疗儿童弱视最理想的措施。     

增视能对屈光性弱视治愈患儿的立体视觉训练疗效分析

,占52.63%;非交叉视差达100"6例,占31.58%.治疗前后两组立体视功能均有不同程度改善,统计学差异显著P＜0.05.结论 增视能软件能有效改善屈光性弱视治愈患儿的远、近立体视觉;对屈光不正性弱视治愈儿的效果优于屈光参差性弱视治愈儿.     

尼泊尔儿童弱视种类及治疗结果

目的:研究尼泊尔儿童弱视类型以及影响治疗结果的相关因素。方法:该研究为以医院为基础的回顾性研究。对 2009-06 /2011-06 注册登记的 257 名弱视儿童的诊断记录进行了回顾性分析。弱视的类型分为屈光参差性、双眼屈光不正性、斜视性和混合性弱视。双眼屈光不正性弱视儿童单独给予戴镜治疗,斜视性弱视每天给予 6h 修补治疗,屈光参差性和混合性弱视根据需要给予修补和光学矫正。主要检测为术后视力,并分析就诊时的年龄、弱视类型、初始视力以及屈光不正的类型和严重程度对最终视力的影响。结果:儿童年龄范围为 3 ～ 15( 平均 7. 96±3. 09) 岁。双眼屈光不正性弱视为最常见类型( 35. 8%) ,其余依次为斜视性弱视( 31.9%) ,屈光参差性为 23. 0%,混合性弱视为9. 3% 。双眼屈光不正性弱视的平均最终视力 ( 0. 295 ±0. 25) 比其他类型的要好( logMAR 视力检测,P = 0. 001) 。最终视力与就诊年龄、屈光不正的类型和严重程度没有显著的相关性( P 值分别为 0. 98,P = 0. 12) ,但是最终视力与就诊时初始视力有显著相关性( P=0.00) 。结论:双眼屈光不正性弱视为最常见的,术后视力也是最好的、最初的视力是成功治疗弱视的最重要因素。     

儿童弱视与屈光不正

本文名分析了3099例2.5～14岁儿童的屈光状态.资料表明:非斜视者的屈光不正随着年龄增长,远视的发生和程度逐渐减少而近视的发生和程度逐渐增加。双眼屈光不正性弱视者,中、量度弱视的高、中度远视和近视比轻度弱视者多.单跟屈光不正性弱视者,高、中度远视和高度近视比非弱视眼的多.双眼内斜视性弱视的不同年龄和不同程度弱视的屈光分布无显著差异.单眼斜视性弱视的屈光分布与非弱视眼比,无显著差异.本文结果揭示屈光不正性弱视与高度屈光不正有关;眼位偏斜可能为斜视性弱视的主要原因.     

屈光形式与弱视发生风险分析

目的观察屈光不正性弱视儿童的屈光特点,分析不同屈光形式发生弱视的风险。方法病例对照研究。弱视组为我院就诊屈光不正性弱视儿童273例(400眼);对照组为幼儿园体检视力正常儿童200例(400眼)。比较两组各种屈光形式的分布,采用多因素Logistic回归分析,明确屈光不正性弱视发病的主要危险因素。结果 logistic回归分析显示,远视(>+4.00D)(OR=305.07,95%CI:94.64,983.38:P<0.001)、散光(>2.00D)(OR=114.45,95%CI:58.32,224.57;P<0.001)、远视性屈光参差(OR=17.19,95%CI:6.71,44.01;P<0.001)在两组间的差异具有统计学意义。结论导致弱视的屈光不正主要是高度远视(>+4.00D)、散光(>2.00D)和远视性屈光参差。对导致弱视的高危屈光不正要尽早予以矫正。     

双眼屈光不正性弱视和远视的相关性研究

目的：探讨在远视、眼正位儿童中双眼屈光不正性弱视与远视患病率的关系。方法：选取56例两眼对称远视儿童,平均年龄5.5岁,分为两组,双眼远视≤＋4.0D等效球镜组和双眼远视〉＋4.0D等效球镜组。评估两组双眼屈光不正性弱视的患病率,并进行比较。结果：在32例双眼远视≤＋4.0D等效球镜组中,4例（13%）患双眼屈光不正性弱视;24例双眼远视〉＋4.0D等效球镜组中,15例（63%）患双眼屈光不正性弱视。统计学分析显示两组双眼屈光不正的儿童中弱视患病率有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：双眼屈光不正性弱视在双眼远视的儿童中并不罕见,尤其是当远视度数大于＋4.0D等效球镜时。基于本次调查,双眼远视〉＋4.0D的儿童有13%～63%发展成两眼屈光不正性弱视。由此说明远视〉＋4.0D的儿童患两眼屈光不正性弱视的几率较大。     

屈光不正性弱视疗效观察

弱视(Amblyopia)是严重损害儿童视力的一种常见疾患,它直接影响双眼单视的发育.以弱视的患病率为2-5%.我国估计约有一千多万弱视患儿.屈光不正弱视目前占各类弱视的大多数.发生在没有戴过矫正眼镜的中、高度屈光不正患者.本文采用1987年全国儿童弱视斜视防治组制定的标准,视力≤0.9,远视≥3.00D,近视≥6.00D,散光≥2.00.对我院门诊82例屈光不正性弱视进行了验光配镜治疗,现将结果报告如     

儿童弱视与屈光不正度数及类型的关系

目的:探讨儿童弱视与屈光不正度数及类型的关系。方法:门诊3~12岁36例72只裸眼视力不能矫正到0.8的儿童,采用阿托品散瞳、电脑客观检查法、联合检影主观检查法验光。结果:远视性弱视的发生率为55%、近视性弱视发生率为25%,混合散光性弱视的发生率为83%。远视性弱视的发生要远远大于近视性弱视的发生。结论:近视、远视、混合散光是造成儿童弱视的重要原因,且屈光不正度数越大越易发生弱视,对视力损害越严重。     

不同类型及程度弱视儿童的立体视觉

目的 了解不同类型及程度弱视儿童的立体视觉状况.设计 回顾性对比临床分析.研究对象 北京同仁医院眼科中心89例屈光不正性弱视、45例屈光参差性弱视及39例斜视性弱视儿童.方法 采用颜少明随机立体检查图和同视机三级功能检查,对三种弱视儿童分别检测其近零视差立体视锐度、交叉视差及非交叉视差立体感知度、远立体视和融合范围.主要指标 近零视差、交叉视差、非交叉视差、远立体视和融合范围.结果 屈光不正性弱视及屈光参差性弱视儿童中,轻度弱视近零视差、交叉视差均优于中度弱视(P均＜0.05);斜视性弱视儿童中,中度弱视远立体视优于重度弱视(P＜0.05);轻度、中度屈光不正性弱视、屈光参差性弱视的远融合范围均无显著性差异,中度、重度斜视性弱视的远融合范围也无显著性差异(P均＞0.05).结论 弱视影响儿童期立体视觉的发育,且随弱视程度加重而增加.对立体视觉的影响程度,屈光不正性弱视轻,斜视性弱视重,屈光参差性弱视介于二者之间.(眼科,2008,17:59-62)     

屈光参差与屈光不正性弱视儿童脑白质形态学的MRI研究

目的 探求单眼屈光参差性弱视和屈光不正性弱视儿童脑白质容积的改变.方法 对14例单眼屈光参差性弱视、8例屈光不正性弱视及20例正常对照儿童行磁共振(MRI)扫描,利用基于体素的形态学测量方法(VBM)和SPM8软件对采集的MRI图像进行处理和统计分析,比较单眼屈光参差性弱视组、屈光不正性弱视组和对照组每两组之间的白质容积差异.结果 屈光参差性弱视组较对照组左侧距状沟下白质和左侧顶上小叶白质容积减小,右侧楔叶白质容积增大;屈光不正性弱视组较对照组右侧枕中回下白质和右侧额中回下白质容积减小.结论 在单眼屈光参差性弱视和屈光不正性弱视儿童中,与视觉相关的脑区白质均存在形态学改变,表明与视觉相关脑区的灰、白质形态学变化同为弱视儿童视皮层功能损伤的形态学基础,且与弱视的产生和发展密切相关.     

Form-vision deprivation amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia

The treatment program for form-vision deprivation and strabismic amblyopia currently followed in our orthoptic clinic is presented. In unilateral congenital cataract, a disease that causes form-vision deprivation amblyopia, good vision up to 20/20 can be obtained through surgery performed before the patient reaches 8 weeks of age, employing new surgical techniques such as lentectomy and vitrectomy, combined with early aphakic eye correction and occlusion of the healthy eye. In strabismic amblyopia, prevention and/or early treatment are very important, particularly in cases of unilateral infantile esotropia. Our success rate with occlusion therapy was 84.6% using a patch and 83.3% employing atropine cycloplegia. Occlusion therapy is monitored with the preferential looking technique to prevent the development of occlusion amblyopia. The visual prognosis for amblyopia due to unilateral congenital cataract and infantile strabismic amblyopia has been improved compared with previous reports. The prognosis for binocular function remains poor.Dedicated to Dr. G.K. von Noorden on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

屈光不正性、屈光参差性及斜视性弱视的位置辨别比较

目的比较屈光不正性、屈光参差性及斜视性弱视患者的位置辨别功能差异以及单眼弱视双眼间位置辨别差异。方法选取在广西视光中心就诊的139例(237眼)弱视患者,按弱视类型分为屈光不正性弱视组40例(80眼)、屈光参差性弱视组61例(82眼)、斜视性弱视组38例(75眼),检测3组弱视位置辨别功能并进行比较分析。结果 3组弱视位置辨别功能检测结果均集中在2～4级之间,中位数均为3级,3组位置辨别功能结果比较,差异无统计学意义(Hc=0.530,P>0.05)。单眼弱视双眼位置辨别功能比较,差异无统计学意义(MH=1.837,P>0.05)。单眼弱视眼与双眼弱视眼位置辨别功能比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.588,P>0.05)。结论屈光不正性、屈光参差性及斜视性弱视儿童位置辨别功能不存在差异,单眼弱视双眼位置辨别功能无差异,单眼弱视眼与双眼弱视眼位置辨别功能相似。     

Strabismic amblyopia

This is the second of a two‐part survey of current literature concerning strabismic amblyopia. The aim of this review is to bring the optometric community up to date on the status of scientific research into strabismic amblyopia. Part 1 in this series discussed research into strabismic amblyopia from the viewpoint of psychophysical experiments, which investigate both spatial and temporal behavioural deficits accompanying strabismic amblyopia. These include deficits in contrast sensitivity, spatial localisation, fixation, ocular motility, accommodation, crowding, attention, motion perception and temporal processing. Part 2 concerns neural processing in regards to strabismic amblyopia. It discusses current understanding of more fundamental aspects of central processing of visual information and in particular current theories regarding neural sites and mechanisms involved in amblyopia.     

弱视的发病机理研究

对于弱视发病机理的研究可以为其治疗提供重要的指导作用。随着动物模型的建立以及各种新技术的应用,使得弱视病理过程中的形态学、电生理功能和分子水平改变的研究都取得较大的进展。本文主要就近年来在弱视发病机理方面的诸多研究进展做一综述。     

Nutritional amblyopia

During a 10-year period ending in 1985, we observed atrophy of the maculopapillary bundle in both eyes of 25 cases examined post mortem. We retrospectively examined the clinical history and general autopsy findings for evidence of malnutrition. An adequate clinical history was obtained in 24 patients, and an autopsy was performed on 21 patients. Our review disclosed that all 25 patients had marked nutritional deprivation, most commonly from alcohol abuse (20 patients), advanced carcinoma (8 patients, 7 of whom were also alcohol abusers), and other malnutritional and disabling conditions (4 patients). A history of heavy smoking was documented in 11 patients. Our findings support the contention that dietary deficiency plays a role in the pathogenesis of the condition that in the past has been referred to as tobacco-alcohol amblyopia and more recently has been called nutritional amblyopia.     

Anisometropic amblyopia

One hundred twenty-four patients with anisometropia of 1 diopter or greater and amblyopia were reviewed as to the type and amount of anisometropia, whether or not they had consulted with an ophthalmologist, visual acuity before and after treatment, and type of treatment. The patient population was divided into five groups according to the type of anisometropia. Eighty-two percent of all patients reached a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Eighteen percent of all patients reached a visual acuity of 20/20. The best visual acuity obtained was not found to be related to the degree of anisometropia or the age at which treatment was begun. Patients with myopic and compound myopic astigmatism/mixed astigmatism anisometropia had poorer visual outcomes. There was a strong positive correlation between the initial visual acuity and the best visual acuity obtained (P = 0.0001).