多静脉途径介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨多静脉途径介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的方法、策略和疗效。方法27例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者,分别经岩下窦、面静脉和眼上静脉等静脉途径介入栓塞治疗。结果23例临床治愈,4例症状明显缓解。术后即刻造影提示22例瘘口完全消失,5例虽将海绵窦致密填塞,但其中2例仍有少量翼丛引流,1例通过海绵间窦向对侧引流,2例存在少量岩上窦后引流,压颈1个月后消失。栓塞术后并发症主要表现为头痛和呕吐,3例出现轻度复视,后自行恢复;无1例出现永久性介入相关并发症。临床随访5个月～6年,患者无临床症状复发。结论多静脉途径介入栓塞是治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘安全、有效的方法。     

Transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes

Objective：To evaluate the safety and efficiency of transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes. Methods： Twenty seven patients with dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region were treated by transvenous embolization with micro-coils. The transvenous routes included inferior petrosal sinus, superior ophthalmic vein and facial vein. Results： Clinical cure was achieved in 23 cases and significant improvement of symptoms in 4 cases. Complete anglographic obliteration was documented in 22 patients （82%）. Residual shunting were left in 2 patients via pterygoid drainage and 1 case via inter-cavernous sinus, 2 cases via inferior petrosal sinus, disappeared one month later by manual compression carotid artery. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after embolization. Three patients had diplopia and relieved within two months after embolization. There was no permanent procedure-related morbidity. The clinic follow up ranged from 5 months to 6 years, and there was not recurrence case. Conclusion： Transvenous embolization via different venous routes is a safe and efficient method for dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region treatment.     

经岩下窦介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘3例临床分析

目的 探讨经静脉人路栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的效果.方法 经股静脉-岩下窦入路到达病变侧海绵窦,用游离弹簧圈等多种栓塞材料填塞海绵窦,同时闭塞瘘口.结果 3例中全部愈或好转,1例在栓塞治疗后眼部症状消失.栓塞术后最常见症状为头痛伴呕吐.随访3个月到5年未见复发.结论 静脉入路栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘是一种安全、有效的方法,应作为首选治疗方法.     

Transvenous embolization of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula: report of 28 cases

Background  Usually, cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula can be treated via transarterial approaches. However, in many complicated patients, transvenous approaches are superior to the transarterial ones because of the difficulties during a transarterial operation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 28 patients with cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula treated by transvenous embolization.
Methods  From September 2001 to December 2005, 28 patients with 31 cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae were treated with transvenous embolization in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. The involved cavernous sinuses were catheterized via the femoral vein-inferior petrosal sinus approach or the femoral-facial-superior ophthalmic vein approach, and embolized with coils (GDC, EDC, Matrix, Orbit or free coil) or coils plus silk. The patients were followed up for 3 to 26 months.
Results  All the 31 cavernous sinuses in the 28 patients were successfully embolized. Complete angiographic obliteration of the fistulae was achieved immediately in 25 patients. Residual shunting was observed in the other 3, who had drainage through the pterygoid plexus (2 patients) or the inferior petrosal sinus (1) after the operation. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after the embolization. In 3 patients, who achieved complete angiographic obliteration immediately, the left oculomotor nerve palsy remained unchanged after the operation. Transient abducens nerve palsy was encountered in 1. In 1 patient, the occular symptoms were improved after the operation, but recurred 4 days later, and then disappeared spontaneously after 5 days. During the follow-up, no patient had recurrence. Three months after the operation, angiography was performed on the 3 patients with residual shunting. Two of them had angiographic cure, the other had residual drainage through the pterygoid plexus.
Conclusions  Transvenous catheterization and embolization of the cavernous sinus is a safe and efficient way to treat complicated cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae. It is an alternative to the patients with spontaneous cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae or those in whom transarterial embolization failed.

     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的栓塞治疗

目的：探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的病因及诊治方法。方法：21例均采用超选择插管栓塞，其中4例同时静脉入路微弹簧圈海绵窦内栓塞。结果：17例瘘口完全消失；4例栓塞后瘘口有残留，结合颈动脉压迫法治疗后2例瘘口消失。结论：血管内栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动脉瘘是目前行之有效的方法。     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗探讨

目的 探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(dural arteriovenous fistula,DAVF)的治疗方法、效果及预后.方法 25例患者中8例行颈动脉压迫或仅随访观察;17例行血管内栓塞,其中3例经静脉途径栓塞,13例经动脉途径栓塞,其中1例联合使用覆膜支架和Glubran胶治疗,1例经动脉途径治疗后再次接受经静脉途径栓塞治疗.结果 8例行颈动脉压迫或随访观察的患者中有4例症状缓解或消失,其余患者无加重;3例经静脉途径栓塞者均通过同侧或对侧岩下窦入路完全闭塞瘘口;13例经动脉途径栓塞者中4例完全闭塞瘘口,其余患者症状部分缓解;1例患者首次经动脉途径部分栓塞术后症状加重,急诊经眼上静脉穿刺置管完全栓塞.结论 海绵窦区DAVF总体预后良好,可根据患者症状和影像学特征选择恰当的治疗方式,经静脉途径栓塞治愈率高,适宜者应作为首选治疗方法.     

Transvenous injection of n-Butyl cyanoacrylate combined with placement of coils in cavernous sinus for treatment of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae

Objective： To evaluate the technical aspects, efficacy and safety in the treatment of cavernous dural arteriovenous fistulae （DAVF） by transvenous liquid n-Butyl cyanoacrylate （NBCA） injection combined with coils placement in the cavemous sinus. Methods： Eight patients with cavernous DAVF, treated by transvenous embolization with combination of detachable coils and glue between February 2006 and February 2009 in our hospital, were retrospectively analyzed, including the clinical presentations, patterns of angioarchitecture, methods of treatment and the results of follow-up. Results： In all 8 patients, 9 transvenous and 1 transarterial interventions were carried out. A single endovascular procedure was performed in 6 patients and 2 patients had to be treated twice. Of the nine transvenous approaches, eight approaches were performed via inferior petrosal sinus （IPS） and 1 via the facial vein. Complete angiographic obliteration was achieved in all patients immediately after the embolization. There was no procedure-related morbidity except for mild headache for one to seven days after the embolization. Clinical cure was achieved in all cases during the clinical follow-up periods, ranging from 8 months to 3 years. The follow-up angiography periods averaged 6.6 months with a range of 5-9 months, in which no recurrence was observed. Conclusion： In this small series, embolization with combination of glue and detachable coils by transvenous approaches was a safe, effective and economical method for the treatment of part of symptomatic patients presenting with complex cavernous DAVE     

经静脉入路栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘27例临床分析

目的探讨经静脉途径栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的疗效.方法经全脑血管造影(DSA)确诊硬脑膜动静脉瘘27例,其中海绵窦区18例,横窦、乙状窦9例,均经静脉途径予以栓塞治疗.结果本组27例中治愈22例,症状好转5例,无加重和死亡.随防2个月～8年,无复发及加重者.结论静脉入路栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘是一种安全、有效的方法.     

海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的栓塞治疗

目的　探讨海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗方法。方法　海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘共 12例 ,经颈外动脉以微粒栓塞 3例 ;以正丁基氰基丙烯酸异丁酯 (NBCA)栓塞 2例 ;经颈外动脉插入海绵窦以NBCA栓塞1例 ;经岩下窦以机械可脱性弹簧圈 (MDS)栓塞 1例 ;经眼上静脉以MDS栓塞 5例。结果　瘘口完全消失 8例 ;瘘口残留 4例 ,其中 2例瘘口残留患者 3个月后症状好转。结论　根据不同的类型 ,经静脉栓塞和经动脉栓塞均可作为海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的有效治疗方法     

经静脉入路栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的评估经静脉人路栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的方法.方法回顾性分析17例经静脉入路栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者,其中女性14例,男3例;Banow A型1例,B型1例,C型1例,D型14例.结果经岩下窦人路栓塞海绵窦9例,经眼静脉人路栓塞6例,经两种人路栓塞1例(双侧瘘).12例治疗后即刻造影显示海绵窦和瘘口完全闭塞;4例虽海绵窦闭塞,但仍残留少许岩下窦的引流(2例为眼静脉人路者)和翼丛引流(2例).1例面静脉-眼静脉人路,插管过程中面静脉痉挛,手术失败,患者在5 d后自发症状缓解,7 d后动脉造影显示CCF已自愈.结论经静脉入路栓塞颈动脉海绵窦瘘,特别是海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF),效果确实,操作风险小.     

Therapeutic embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas via transvenous approach

Cavernoussinusduralarteriovenousfistulas (CSdAVFs)formacomplexcommunicationnetworkbetweenthecavernoussinus (CS)andtheduralbranchesoftheexternalcarotidartery (ECA)and/orinternalcarotidartery (ICA) CSdAVFsusuallybecomesymptomaticspontaneouslyandoccurmostofteninelderlywomen TheclinicalmanifestationsofCSdAVFsdependonthepatternofvenousdrainage Chemosis ,conjunctivalcongestion ,bruit,ophthalmoplegia ,eyelidswelling ,proptosis,diplopia ,andvisualacuityimpairmentmayallresultfromCSdAVFs 1 …     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗

目的：探讨硬脑膜动静脉瘘的病因，分类及治疗。方法：26例均采用超选择插管栓塞，其4例同时行静脉入路静脉窦内栓塞，联合手术2例，X-刀治疗l例。结果：海绵窦区硬膜动静脉瘘者，17例瘘口完全消失，4例栓塞后瘘口有残留，结合颈动脉压迫法后2例瘘口消失。侧窦硬脑膜动静脉瘘者，瘘口完全消失3例，部分消失2例。结论：血管内栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘是目前最安全、有效的治疗方法。联合手术或放射治疗等，可大大提高硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床治疗愈率。     

Therapeutic embolization of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas via

Objective To describe the transvenous catheterization technique for the treatment of cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSdAVFs), including its indications, complications and efficacy.Methods Eight patients with symptomatic CSdAVFs were treated by endovascular embolization with platinum coils, via the inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) in 6 patients, and via the Sylvian vein after surgical exposure in other 2 patients.Results Complete angiographic resolution of the fistula was obtained in six patients immediately after the procedures, and a complete resolution of symptoms and signs was achieved in all patients. The residual fistulas in two patients disappeared completely in the follow-up angiography.Conclusion Transvenous embolization is a useful and safe approach in the management of CSdAVFs.     

血管内介入治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘7例分析

目的 探讨分析血管内介入治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的方法与疗效。方法 回顾性分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院神经外科2012年1月至2016年5月收治的7例硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）患者临床资料，其中经动脉途径栓塞6例，经静脉途径栓塞1例，均应用Onyx胶予以栓塞。结果 7例患者术后即刻造影显示栓塞完全，无死亡病例，无新发神经功能缺失症状，1例海绵窦DAVF患者术后第3天球结膜充血症状完全缓解，所有患者随访3~24个月未出现新发神经功能缺失症状。结论 根据影像学特点，针对不同类型的DAVF选用不同的栓塞途径，血管内栓塞DAVF是微创、安全、有效的治疗方法，可作为DAVF的首选治疗方法。     

经动脉途径以低浓度氰基丙烯酸正丁酯栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效分析

目的 探讨经动脉途径以低浓度氰基丙烯酸正丁酯栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的技术方法和疗效。方法 采用低浓度（10％～20％）氰基丙烯正丁酯（NBCA）经供血动脉对18例不同部位硬膜动静脉瘘患者进行栓塞治疗。18例患者中海绵窦区硬膜动静脉瘘12例，顶部硬膜动静脉瘘6例。该技术的关键操作方法是将低浓度NBCA注入静脉端使之闭塞并反流入其他供血动脉。结果 18例患者中17例在栓塞后达到解剖治愈，术后临床症状消失。另1例通过海绵窦区硬膜动静脉瘘栓塞后一度症状好转，2d后症状加重，复查造影发现静脉未完全闭塞，回流静脉发生改变，经压颈10d后症状明显好转。结论 经动脉途径以低浓度NBCA栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘对于有些病例是较好的选择，其特点是低廉、快捷，疗效满意。     

经静脉治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘的效果

①目的观察经静脉栓塞、手术和压迫方法治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的效果。②方法对6例DAVF首选经静脉方法治疗。3例位于上矢状窦区，手术夹闭引流静脉2例，部分栓塞1例；3例位于海绵窦区，单纯压迫眼静脉治疗1例，经静脉途径栓塞失败后压迫眼静脉治疗2例。③结果4例治愈，1例有效，1例无变化。④结论经静脉手术、栓塞上矢状窦区DAVF是一安全有效手段；经股静脉途径栓塞海绵窦区DAVF导管到位困难，而压迫眼引流静脉确实有效，可辅助治疗栓塞未愈病人。     

血管内栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的 探讨颈动脉海绵窦瘘血管内栓塞治疗。方法 回顾性分析2003年至2005年收治的9例患者，所有患者均行全脑血管数字减影血管造影检查明确诊断。根据供血动脉进行影像分型，不同类型选择了不同的治疗方法。6例A型病例经动脉途径进行球囊栓塞，1例C型病例及1例D型病例经静脉途径进行弹簧圈栓塞。结果 5例A型病例一次可脱性球囊闭塞瘘口成功，1例A型病例球囊早泄复发、2周后再次球囊栓塞成功，1例C型病例经眼上静脉2次弹簧圈填塞海绵窦治愈，1例D型病例经岩下窦一次填塞海绵窦治愈。1例A型病例造影后当天因颅内再次出血死亡。结论 根据不同影像分型选择相应的治疗方法是提高颈动脉海绵窦瘘栓塞治疗疗效的关键。     

微弹簧圈栓塞难治性外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的临床研究

目的　探讨和研究用微弹簧圈血管内栓塞部分难治性外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘。方法　回顾 2 4例用微弹簧圈或结合其它栓塞材料栓塞治疗的难治性外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘 ,18例经动脉入路用微弹簧圈栓塞治疗 ,3例经岩下窦入路 ,另 3例经眼静脉入路。 7例首次用弹簧圈栓塞 ,另 17例弹簧圈结合球囊、NBCA(α -氰基丙烯酸正丁酯 )等栓塞材料栓塞。结果　栓塞术后血管造影结果示 ,7例较前改善 ,17例达到治愈。临床结果 :2 1例(87.5 % )治愈 ,3例 (12 .5 % )明显改善 ,无恶化者。随访时间为 6 - 2 4个月临床均达治愈 ,无复发。结论　球囊栓塞困难的小瘘口型外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘可选用微弹簧圈栓塞 ,其疗效可靠且安全。对复发或多次治疗后形成的复杂难治性外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘也可选用弹簧圈或结合其它栓塞材料联合治疗     

经动脉途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的 探讨经动脉途径介入栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静瘘的疗效和策略.方法 回顾性分析经动脉途径介入栓塞治疗的19例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘.结果 15例临床治愈,3例明显好转,1例治疗失败.其中术后即刻造影提示12例瘘口完全消失;6例经主要供血动脉栓寒后,经瘘口血流量明显减少,压颈1个月后5例临床治愈,1例症状明显缓解.经动脉治疗失败病例改经岩下窦入路双侧海绵窦微弹簧圈栓塞后治愈.无一例出现永久性介入相关并发症.临床随访7个月到4年,病人尤临床症状复发.结论 经动脉途径介入栓塞对于部分海绵窦区硬脑膜动静瘘的病人是安全、有效且经济的治疗方法 .     

经岩下窦途径栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的：探讨经岩下窦栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘（CSDAVF）的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析17例经岩下窦栓塞治疗的CSDAVF患者的临床资料,其中岩下窦显影14例,未显影岩下窦3例。经颈内静脉的起始段探查显影或未显影岩下窦,进入海绵窦后栓塞CSDAVF。首先微导管送至前端眼静脉开口内,用弹簧圈栓塞眼静脉开口,再通过微导管注射液体栓塞剂Onyx-l8栓塞海绵窦,观察置管的成功率、安全性和栓塞的疗效。术后6月门诊或DSA随访。结果17例中,2例出现短暂的动眼神经麻痹,2月后完全缓解,其他未出现并发症,无死亡病例。1例未经患侧岩下窦引流患者,经对侧岩下窦进入患侧海绵窦内,但未能进入引流动静脉瘘的海绵窦分隔内而失败。其余16例患者均顺利置管,并成功栓塞。所有患者栓塞后即刻造影均未见异常静脉窦早显,瘘口消失,达到了影像学上治愈。置管成功率及治愈率均为94％（16/17）。术后6月对6例患者进行DSA 随访,无1例复发;对其余患者进行门诊随访,临床症状均好转或消失。结论经岩下窦途径栓塞CSDAVF是一种可行的、安全的、有效的方法,可作为CSDAVF的首选治疗方法。