双源计算机断层扫描成像在冠状动脉小血管支架内再狭窄的应用价值

目的探讨双源计算机断层扫描冠状动脉造影术(dual source computed tomography coronary angiography,DSCT-CA)在冠状动脉小血管支架内再狭窄的应用价值。方法对76例(男59例,女17例)有胸闷、胸痛的患者在术后6～12个月行经皮冠状动脉造影后行DSCT-CA检查。根据心率及造影结果将患者分成不同的组别:心率≤70次/min组[n=48,扫描时心率(58±5)次/min]与心率﹥70次/min组[n=41,扫描时心率(78±9)次/min];简单病变组(单个支架,n=54)与复杂病变组(重叠支架及分叉支架,n=35);右冠状动脉组(n=33)、左回旋支组(n=43)和左前降支组(n=13),并比较分析DSCT-CA对各组诊断的敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果76例患者共植入89个支架,其中31.4%(28/89)的支架经血管造影证实有再狭窄。DSCT-CA对支架内再狭窄的敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为89%、87%、76%和95%。DSCT-CA对心率≤70次/min组与心率﹥70次/min组的诊断价值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DSCT-CA对冠状动脉三主支的诊断价值比较,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DSCT-CA诊断复杂病变组的敏感性、阳性预测值、特异性,阴性预测值均低于简单病变组,差异有统计学意义(83%vs.94%,P<0.05;63%vs.88%,P<0.05;74%vs.95%,P<0.05;89%vs.97%,P<0.05)。简单病变组组内分析结果显示,其敏感性和特异性比较,差异无统计学意义(94%vs.95%,P>0.05);阳性预测值低于阴性预测值,差异有统计学意义(88%vs.97%,P<0.05)。4年的质控分析结果显示,DSCT-CA检测小血管支架内再狭窄率呈逐年上升趋势,2006年及2007年再狭窄率均在平均水平以下,2009年超出了平均水平的一倍。结论DSCT-CA可作为小血管支架术后再狭窄的筛选手段,阴性者可排外支架内再狭窄,阳性者需进一步行冠状动脉造影以明确诊断。     

双源CT对冠状动脉支架靶血管再狭窄的诊断价值

目的:探讨双源CT（DSCT）对冠状动脉支架置入靶血管再狭窄的诊断价值。方法:对我院69例冠状动脉支架置入患者（共111枚支架）进行DSCT,评价支架图像质量得分与靶血管级别的相关性;并对部分患者同期进行冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查,对比分析DSCT对冠状动脉支架置入靶血管病变的真实性。结果:DSCT支架图像质量得分与靶血管级别正相关;DSCT对支架靶血管再狭窄诊断的灵敏度82%、特异度98%、和准确度95%;DSCT与CAG对不同直径支架的靶血管再狭窄检出率差异无统计学意义,但DSCT对直径≥3.0 mm支架靶血管再狭窄检出的特异度和准确度明显高于直径＜3.0 mm支架靶血管的相应指标（均P＜0.05）,而灵敏度的差异未达到显著水平。结论:DSCT可清晰的显示冠状动脉支架靶血管的病变情况,能较准确地评价冠状动脉支架靶血管再狭窄的发生,具有临床应用价值。     

The usefulness of subtraction coronary computed tomography angiography for in-stent restenosis assessment of patients with CoCr stent using 320-row area detector CT

The aim of this study was to assess in-stent restenosis (ISR) of coronary artery for patients with CoCr stent using subtraction coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with one-breath-hold scan on 320-row area detector CT, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as clinical standard.Patients who were referred for CCTA from January 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-contrast and CCTA was performed with dedicated one-breath-hold subtraction scan protocol and post processing to get subtracted-CCTA image without stent. Subjective image qualities and diagnosable rate were analyzed for CCTA and subtracted-CCTA respectively. The ISR degree of each stent was evaluated both on CCTA and subtracted-CCTA images. The receiver-operating characteristic curve with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of CCTA, and subtracted-CCTA in the diagnosis of ISR were calculated with ICA as reference.Forty patients with 85 CoCr coronary stents of 3 to 3.5 mm diameter with ICA confirmation within 1 month were finally included. Subtracted-CCTA showed more diagnosable segments of stent (91.76% [78/85]) than those of CCTA (50.59% [43/85]) (P < .001). The subjective image quality score of CCTA was 2.23 ± 1.32 while 3.41 ± 0.90 on subtracted-CCTA (P < .001). Both subtracted-CCTA and CCTA showed high consistency with ICA (Kappa = 0.795 and 0.918 respectively). The area under the curve was 0.607 for CCTA and 0.757 for subtracted-CCTA (P < .001) for stent based diagnose, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of CCTA, and subtracted-CCTA were 90.0%, 97.0%, 95.3%, and 87.5%, 100.0%, 97.43%, respectively.Subtracted-CCTA showed improved diagnose performance for ISR, which potentially reduce further follow-up ICA procedures for patients with CoCr stents.     

Effect of stents in reducing restenosis in small coronary arteries: A meta‐analysis

The ability of stents to reduce restenosis was established in larger coronary arteries. Clinical trials of stenting in smaller vessels have yielded conflicting results due in part to their sample sizes. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to increase the statistical power by pooling data from these clinical trials. Trials were identified from Medline search, review of recent cardiology meetings' abstracts, and manual review of bibliographies. Studies were included if they were prospective randomized controlled trials. Endpoints examined included a dichotomized definition of angiographic restenosis, target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), or any repeat revascularization. Pooling of data was performed by calculating a Mantel‐Haenszel odds ratio (OR). The analysis included 2,598 patients enrolled in eight clinical trials. Stenting significantly reduced restenosis (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.61–0.63). Concordantly, stenting reduced TLR (OR = 0.49), TVR (OR = 0.90), and any revascularization (OR = 0.48). This meta‐analysis supports the hypothesis that stenting reduces restenosis in small coronary arteries as well as in larger coronary arteries. The apparent discordant result of individual clinical trials was due in part to underpowering related to small sample sizes. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:425–429. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Safety and efficacy of dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography vs. standard coronary angiography

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography (DARCA) by directly comparing it to standard coronary angiography (SA). Background: Standard coronary angiography (SA) requires numerous fixed static images of the coronary tree and has multiple well‐documented limitations. Dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography (DARCA) is a new rotational acquisition technique that entails simultaneous LAO/RAO and cranial/caudal gantry movement. This technological advancement obtains numerous unique images of the left or right coronary tree with a single coronary injection. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of DARCA as well as determine DARCA's adequacy for CAD screening and assessment. Methods: Thirty patients underwent SA following by DARCA. Contrast volume, radiation dose (DAP) and procedural time were recorded for each method to assess safety. For DARCA acquisitions, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), symptoms and any arrhythmias were recorded. All angiograms were reviewed for CAD screening adequacy by two independent invasive cardiologists. Results: Compared to SA, use of DARCA was associated with a 51% reduction in contrast, 35% less radiation exposure, and 18% shorter procedural time. Both independent reviewers noted DARCA to be at least equivalent to SA with respect to the ability to screen for CAD. Conclusion: DARCA represents a new angiographic technique which is equivalent in terms of image quality and is associated with less contrast use, radiation exposure, and procedural time than SA. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Local delivery of sirolimus nanoparticles for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a possible, although off‐label, alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement for high‐surgical‐risk patients with severe, non‐calcified aortic regurgitation (AR). To date, feasibility has only been demonstrated with the Medtronic CoreValve prosthesis (MCV). This prosthesis needs the aortic sinuses to have enough width to avoid coronary obstruction. We report a case of MCV implantation for severe AR where the narrow aortic root theoretically precluded the technique. Good procedural outcome was achieved thanks to a strategy of implantation with planned positioning of the prosthesis leaflets away from the coronary arteries. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Bioresorbable vascular scaffold to treat in‐stent restenosis: Single‐center experience

Aims

The management of patients with in‐stent restenosis (ISR) is still a major clinical challenge even in the era of drug‐eluting stents (DES). Recent studies have demonstrated acceptable clinical outcomes for the everolimus‐eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) ABSORB? in patients with stable coronary artery disease but data are scarce on its use in patients with ISR. We report the long‐term results of our preliminary experience with this novel approach at our institution.

Methods and Results

We investigated the safety and efficacy of BVS implantation to treat ISR. 34 consecutive patients (37 lesions) underwent PCI for ISR with BVS implantation between May 2013 and June 2015 at our institution and were included in the current analysis. Follow‐up was available in 91.9% of the patients. Mean follow‐up period was 801.9 ± 179 days. One patient had definite scaffold thrombosis (ScT) 2 months after stent implantation which was treated with DES. Five patients (six lesions) experienced target lesion revascularization (TLR). The composite endpoint rate of TLR, ScT, myocardial infarction, and death occured in 6/37 lesions at follow‐up (16.2%).

Conclusions

These real‐world data using BVS in patients with ISR demonstrates that ISR treatment with ABSORB? BVS is feasible but could have slightly higher target lesion failure rates as compared to DES. This proof of concept could be hypothesis‐generating for larger randomized controlled studies.

     

Planning percutaneous coronary interventions using computed tomography angiography and fractional flow reserve‐derived from computed tomography: A state‐of‐the‐art review

Fractional flow reserve derived by coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA; FFRCT) is an accurate noninvasive method for identifying coronary artery disease (CAD) and detecting hemodynamically significant stenosis. Although initially proposed as noninvasive tools to “rule out” significant CAD in low‐risk patients, CTA and FFRCT are now utilized in higher‐risk patients. Furthermore, new applications of CTA and FFRCT include a planning tool for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which allows the cardiologist to assess lesion‐specific ischemia, plan stent locations and sizes, and use virtual remodeling of the lumen (virtual stenting) to assess the functional impact of PCI. The purpose of this review is to discuss the principles of CTA and FFRCT acquisition, and their application for PCI planning, even before invasive angiography is performed.