鼻咽癌放射治疗对甲状腺的影响

目的探讨鼻咽癌放射治疗对甲状腺的影响。方法收集43例接受放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者资料,观察其甲状腺体积及激素水平变化,记录引起甲状腺损伤时的放疗剂量。结果患者放疗后甲状腺体积缩小,FT3及FT4水平降低,较放疗前具有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访发现FT3及FT4水平降低,于放疗后12个月开始具有统计学意义(P<0.05),后有所回升,TSH则持续升高,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);引起FT3及FT4水平变化的放疗剂量为4 500 cGy,引起TSH水平变化的放疗剂量为5 500 cGy。结论鼻咽癌患者放射治疗可对甲状腺造成损伤,放疗剂量阈值在4 500~5 500 cGy左右。     

Etude clinique préliminaire sur l'emploi de la dihexyvérine en obstétrique

This study attempted to evaluate the effect of dihexyverine HCl (Metaspas), an anticholinergic and direct smooth muscle relaxant (spasmolytic), in shortening the first stage of labour. One hundred and five patients constituted the series: 31 were primiparae, 27 secundiparae and 47 multiparae. The majority of these (95) received one intramuscular injection (10 mg.) of dihexyverine. Alphaprodine (Nisentil), 40 mg., was administered in all but 10 cases, since dihexyverine has no analgesic action. Seventy-five control patients were used: 25 were primiparae, 25 secundiparae and 25 multiparae. Alphaprodine alone was administered to these control patients. The length of time for dilatation from 4 cm. to 10 cm. was the selected criterion. In the control group, the average time for complete cervical dilatation was 4 hours, 10 minutes. In the group treated by dihexyverine, complete dilatation was achieved in 1 hour, 16 minutes. On the average, the first stage of labour was 2 hours and 54 minutes shorter with dihexyverine; the clinical effect begins 10-30 minutes after administration. The only side effect encountered was a skin rash in one patient.     

Anticoagulothérapie orale: analyse de l'efficacité d'un guide de posologie.

An empirical protocol for dosage adjustment in warfarin therapy was evaluated by means of retrospective analysis of the medical records of 106 outpatients at an anticoagulation clinic followed from January 1981 to August 1984. There were 203 cases in which the prothrombin time was abnormal (below the therapeutic range in 123 cases and above the range in 80). The protocol was successful in about 60% of cases in which the prothrombin time before dosage adjustment was below the therapeutic range and in 80% of cases in which it was above the range. Statistical analysis showed that the success rate could be improved by more precise definition of the percentage of dosage change in certain situations. However, individual variation in response of the prothrombin time to a standard dosage change limits the success that can be expected after the initial adjustment. We propose an improved protocol for adjustment of warfarin dosage.     

分化型甲状腺癌83例手术治疗分析

目的:探讨分化型甲状腺癌手术方法和经验。方法:采用回顾性分析83例分化型甲状腺癌手术治疗患者的临床资料、手术资料以及随访资料进行统计分析。结果:83例患者无手术期间死亡,1例患者发生暂时性喉返神经损伤。81例患者随访3～6年。术后3年对侧腺叶复发1例,再手术后至今无瘤生存。术后后2、2.5、3和4年,同侧颈淋巴结转移4例,再手术后至今无瘤生存。1例患者术后1年死于肺转移。结论:对于分化型甲状腺癌的治疗以手术为主,并在术后辅助内分泌治疗可获得良好的治疗效果。     

Aérosolthérapie à la kanamycine dans 200 cas de suppurations bronchopulmonaires

This paper describes the results obtained in 200 patients with bronchopulmonary suppurative diseases who received kanamycin aerosol therapy under intermittent positive pressure and in whom bacterial sensitivity study (antibiogram) was favourable.

This method of treatment was well tolerated and was practically free of side effects. In most cases the improvement was rapid, was maintained and was often life-saving.

The first series contained nine patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and a constant finding of sputum positive for Koch bacillus; four of these became negative after eight weeks of treatment. This suggested that kanamycin aerosol therapy had some effect on the Koch bacillus and that the study should be continued with a much larger group of patients with tuberculous suppurative pulmonary diseases to determine the efficacy of this antibiotic.

     

甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄的发生和处置

目的探讨甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄发病的特殊性及其诊疗对策。方法回顾10例不同原因甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄的误诊情况、诊断方法包括纤支镜检查和／或颈部CT检查，甲状腺扫描和病理检查；处理方法包括甲状腺切除手术和人工气道重建。结果10例甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄患者中，误诊为“支气管哮喘”3例，误诊为急性左心衰2例：经纤支镜检查和／或颈部检查均可见气管外压性Ⅱ～Ⅲ度狭窄；甲状腺疾病经病理检查确认。人工气道重建后均可缓解气管狭窄，以气管内支架置入术效果最佳，气管切开套管置人次之。结论甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄易于误诊，提高警惕性则诊断不难；甲状腺切除手术和人工气道重建可有效缓解气管狭窄，但预后取决于甲状腺疾病性质、狭窄程度和处理方法。     

L'utilisation de services de santé et de médicaments par des personnes âgées de Montréal qui reçoivent des soins maintien à domicile.

A survey was conducted among 160 persons aged 64 year or more in Montreal who were receiving home care. They answered at home a questionnaire on their use of health care services and drugs, and showed the interviewer all the drugs they were taking. In comparison with similar data from elsewhere, the use of health care services (an average of 8.0 encounters with a physician per person per year) and of drugs (an average of 5.3 per person) by this group seems high. Perhaps this group of people was obviously sicker than others of the same age, but this remains to be shown. Moreover, despite the reported frequency of health problems, it is uncertain whether such use of services and drugs was necessary. The question is raised whether the home care system is doing for the patient what it was intended to do.     

Hypoglycémie spontanée et insuffisance rénale chronique.

Although glucose intolerance occurs as a consequence of chronic renal failure, improvement of a diabetic state by deterioration of renal function is a well known phenomenon. Recently occasional cases of spontaneous hypoglycemia in patients with chronic renal failure have been reported; two such cases and the results of metabolic studies are described in this paper. Pituitary, thyroid and adrenal function appeared to be normal. The results of an oral glucose tolerance test were normal; an appropriate insulin response was demonstrated in one patient, and a slightly elevated basal insulin value with a delayed insulin response to oral administration of glucose was demonstrated in the other. An insulin tolerance test did not support the hypothesis of increased insulin sensitivity as a factor, and the growth hormone response to hypoglycemia was normal. An intravenous glucagon test caused a subnormal increase in plasma glucose concentration, and the intravenous administration of tolbutamide produced hypoglycemia without an increase insulin sensitivity as a factor, and the growth hormone response to hypoglycemia was normal. An intravenous glucagon test caused a subnormal increase in plasma glucose concnetration, and the intravenous administration of tolbutamide produced hypoglycemia without an increase in insulin values. The plasma alanine concentration was low and the proinsulin/insulin ratio was increased. The origin of this hypoglycemia is not clear but is probably multifactorial. However, low hepatic glycogen stores and inadequate gluconeogenesis due to substrate deficiency seem to be involved.     

异位甲状腺诊断和治疗

目的：探讨异位甲状腺临床特点、诊断和治疗,以减少误诊误治。方法结合国内外文献报道,回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年10月南京军区福州总医院收治的6例异位甲状腺患者临床资料。结果6例中位于颈部3例,舌根部2例,胆囊1例。其中迷走甲状腺2例,因影像学检查提示颈部甲状腺区域未见甲状腺组织,未发生误诊,1例无症状者未予治疗,1例主诉咽部异物感者口服甲状腺素片后肿块缩小,症状缓解;副甲状腺4例,术前均被误诊而行手术切除,病理示3例为异位甲状腺组织,1例为结节性甲状腺肿,术后未出现甲状腺功能减退。结论异位甲状腺少见,缺乏特异性临床表现,特别是副甲状腺误诊率较高。异位甲状腺好发部位如舌根和颈前出现的肿物,应考虑到该病的可能,对可疑病变进行必要辅助检查。根据临床特征、具体类型及甲状腺功能状况及有无恶变等,决定是否采取治疗及选择保守还是手术治疗。另外,应重视甲状腺功能的检测和密切随访。     

甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄的发生和处置

目的 探讨甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄发病的特殊性及其诊疗对策。方法 回顾10例不同原因甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄的误诊情况、诊断方法包括纤支镜检查和/或颈部CT检查,甲状腺扫描和病理检查;处理方法包括甲状腺切除手术和人工气道重建。结果 10例甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄患者中,误诊为“支气管哮喘”3例,误诊为急性左心衰2例;经纤支镜检查和/或颈部检查均可见气管外压性Ⅱ~Ⅲ度狭窄;甲状腺疾病经病理检查确认。人工气道重建后均可缓解气管狭窄,以气管内支架置入术效果最佳,气管切开套管置入次之。结论 甲状腺疾病所致气管狭窄易于误诊,提高警惕性则诊断不难;甲状腺切除手术和人工气道重建可有效缓解气管狭窄,但预后取决于甲状腺疾病性质、狭窄程度和处理方法。     

Multifocal follicular carcinoma of thyroid following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease

A 21-year-old white male developed multifocal follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland 17 years after receiving neck irradiation (3000 rad) for Hodgkin''s disease. The tumour was unique in that follicular carcinoma has not previously been reported as having a multifocal origin, even after high dose radiotherapy.     

Abcès rénal et périrénal chez l''enfant.

One child with a pure perinephric abscess and three with renal abscesses, one of which had perinephric extension, are described. All presented with a long course of subacute infection leading to localizing symptoms or signs in the flank. The diagnosis was confirmed by radiologic examination. All the abscesses were surgically drained at various intervals after diagnosis, while the patients were receiving antibiotic therapy. Salvage of renal function was possible in all cases. A rational approach to the diagnosis and management of such abscesses is emphasized.     

甲状腺癌颈部转移性淋巴结超声影像特征分析

[摘要] 目的 观察甲状腺癌颈部转移性淋巴结超声特点,探讨超声在甲状腺癌颈部转移性淋巴结诊断中的 应用价值。方法 分析 169 例患者 503 枚甲状腺癌颈部转移淋巴结的超声影像特征。结果 甲状腺癌颈部转移性 淋巴结呈中等或偏低回声,淋巴结血流以周边型和无血流型血供为主,不同病理类型甲状腺癌转移性淋巴结长径 ( L )、短径( S )、 L / S 及阻力指数( resistanceindex , RI )差异无统计学意义( P >0.05 ), L / S 比值均数 <1.8 ,血流 RI 均 数 >0.6 。微钙化(钙化灶 <2mm )是甲状腺乳头状癌转移性淋巴结的特征性表现。结论 甲状腺癌转移性淋巴结 有典型的超声影像特点,掌握其特征性表现有助于提高检出率,有重要的临床实用价值。     

Utilité de l'épreuve d'effort sur tapis roulant peu après un infarctus du myocarde.

A program of reconditioning through walking was prescribed for 130 patients following an exercise test on a treadmill 3 weeks after a myocardial infarction. At 8 and at 12 weeks the patients again underwent an exercise test. The protocol is safe and permits the detection of angina, arrhythmias and dyspnea during the exercise, thus avoiding delays in treatment. The heart rate and the systolic blood pressure were measured at the end of each stage of the test and after 3 minutes of recuperation. About 75% of the patients attained the target energy output of the two submaximal tests (4 and 7 mets at 3 and 8 weeks respectively); an output of 7 mets permits a patient to resume his or her usual daily activities. The results of the tests at 3 and 12 weeks (the latter a maximal test) showed that the probability of an aerobic capacity of 7 mets or greater at 12 weeks is 86% if the 3-week test is completed. Clinical observations alone did not have the same prognostic value 3 weeks after the infarction.     

Bacille Calmette-Guérin as maintenance therapy for non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma.

Following complete remission of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by chemotherapy, irradiation or both, 44 patients were studied to assess the value of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as maintenance therapy. Patients with stage LI, EI or EII disease were allocated at random to receive BCG or no further maintenance therapy, and those with stage LII, LIII, EIII or IV disease received BCG therapy or orally administered cyclophosphamide. BCG had no effect on the duration of remission or the overall survival from the time of randomization. However, after the first recurrence there was a significant improvement in survival in the patients who had received BCG maintenance therapy.     

Surveillance de la santé à l''école maternelle.

In contrast to the traditional program of health assessment of schoolchildren based on periodic physical examination, the program described in this paper is based on the integration of information and data obtained by observation through the school year from parents, teachers and the school nurse, who coordinates the program. The numbers and the types of problems and the date on which they were identified are compared in an experimental group of 557 kindergarten children and a matched control group of 498 children in whom the traditional program was maintained. For problems of hearing, enuresis, learning and behaviour the number of cases detected was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Each element of the proposed program is analysed and the advantages of an integrated approach to health assessment of schoolchildren are underlined.     

Effets de la chirurgie á coeur ouvert sur les mécanismes de défense contre lea infections bactériennes

Extracorporeal circulation during open-heart surgery may damage cellular and humoral factors in the blood. Phagocytic functions of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes were investigated in 10 patients 1 day before, then 1 hour, 2, 4 and 10 days after open-heart surgery. Transient diminutions in the phagocytic capacity of polymorphs was found for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in one patient, and E. coli only in two patients up to the 4th postsurgical day. A positive correlation was found between the duration of extracorporeal circulation and the transient diminutions in phagocytic capacity for these three patients. However, the bactericidal capacity of polymorphs and their capacity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium were normal in all patients. The serum concentrations of total hemolytic complement, C3, IgG and IgM were generally diminished up to the 4th day after surgery, but the opsonic power of the serum was almost normal in all the patients.     

Les sténoses pulmonaires périphériques congénitales: Présentation de 16 observations et revue de la littérature

Sixteen cases of peripheral pulmonary stenosis have been studied clinically and by cardiac catheterization. Diagnosis has been proved in all cases by manometric measurements and/or cineangiocardiography. All patients except two were below 2 years of age. Ten cases were of type I, i.e. the stenosis was localized to the pulmonary trunk or its main branches. Six patients were of type III, i.e. they had diffuse stenosis of the pulmonary arterial tree. The physical findings, which in many cases are typical and include the presence of a systolic murmur over both lung fields, should alert the physician to the diagnosis at the bedside. At cardiac catheterization the configuration of the pressure tracing in the main pulmonary artery is typical, showing an abrupt rise and fall of the systolic wave followed by a low situated dicrotic notch. There is no doubt that in the past many cases of peripheral pulmonary stenosis have been wrongly diagnosed as “essential pulmonary hypertension”.     

Prévalence de l'infection cervicale à Chlamydia trachomatis dans une population féminine consultant pour contraception.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk indicators of cervical infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis among female patients consulting for contraception and to evaluate an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of C. trachomatis in this setting. DESIGN: Prevalence study. Endocervical specimens were analysed by means of culture and enzyme immunoassay. C. trachomatis infection was diagnosed through culture. SETTING: A hospital family planning clinic in Trois-Rivières, Que. SUBJECTS: All 533 female patients who consulted for contraception between November 1986 and March 1988. Results of culture were available for 495 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Demographic, epidemiologic and clinical information was collected by means of a standard questionnaire and a gynecologic examination. MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence rate of chlamydial infection was 9% (45/495). Enzyme immunoassay detected 37 (82%) of the infections. The mean age of the patients was 19.8 years, and 98% of the infections were diagnosed in those aged 25 years or less. The variables significantly associated with C. trachomatis infection were having more than one sexual partner in the preceding year (odds ratio [OR] 2.9; 95% confidence limits [CL] 1.7 and 5.0) and having more than one partner in the preceding 3 months (OR 2.3; 95% CL 1.2 and 4.3). These two indicators would have detected 58% and 22% of the infections respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Screening for C. trachomatis infection by means of enzyme immunoassay should be proposed to all female patients aged 25 years or less consulting for contraception in our clinic. Such screening may prove to be an effective preventive measure in other similar clinical settings.     

超声结合针吸活检在判断甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结复发转移中的应用价值

目的 评价超声结合超声引导下细针抽吸细胞学检查在甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结转移中的诊断价值.方法 对132例甲状腺癌术后患者的148枚淋巴结行超声检查,同时对淋巴结在超声引导下行细针抽吸细胞学检查,分析甲状腺癌术后颈部淋巴结的超声特征表现.结果 148枚淋巴结中有119枚淋巴结为转移性.占穿刺淋巴结的80.4%,非转移性淋巴结29枚,占19.6%.转移性淋巴结中有34.5%出现在Ⅲ组,有40.3%出现在Ⅳ组.转移性淋巴结表现为类圆形,呈等回声或偏高回声结节,回声分布不均匀,淋巴结内部有钙化,血流信号2～3级.若根据超声表现为短轴/长轴〉0.5,回声分布不均,淋巴结内部有钙化,淋巴结内血流信号2～3级其病理诊断为转移性和非转移性两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论 甲状腺癌术后颈部转移淋巴结在形态、内部回声结构及血流分布等方面有较为特征性表现,同时结合超声引导下的细针抽吸细胞学检查可对颈部淋巴结的病理性质作出正确判断.