Serum levels of CA 125 in patients with gastrointestinal cancers

Serum levels of CA 125 and markers reputed as specific for cancers in relevant locations (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC, carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, CA 19.9, alpha-fetoprotein, AFP) were determined in 107 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas. The aim of this study was to assess their individual and combined sensitivities, and the power of CA 125 in excluding primary ovarian epithelial cancer from GI primary. Serum CA 125 levels (in U/ml) ranged from nondetectable to 400 in patients with esophageal, to 570 in those with gastric, and to 300 in patients with colorectal carcinoma. The levels for liver secondaries, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma were 480, 2,720 and 1,100 U/ml, respectively. Serum SCC antigen was elevated in all patients with esophageal cancer, CEA or CA 19.9 in 52% of patients with gastric cancer and in 63% with liver secondaries, and CEA in 95% of patients with colorectal cancer; whereas serum CA 125 above 65 U/ml was found in 25% of this subgroup, but only in those with already an elevated concentration of specific marker(s). Serum CEA or CA 19.9 was elevated in 71%, CA 125 in 59% of patients with pancreatic cancer; the latter mostly in those with already elevated CEA or CA 19.9. Serum AFP was elevated in 84% and CA 125 in 40% of patients with hepatoma; the latter mostly in those with already an elevated AFP. CA 125 values exceeding 1,000 U/ml were found in 1 patient with pancreatic cancer (2,720 U/ml) and in 2 with hepatoma (1,050 and 1,100 U/ml). These findings illustrate the nonspecificity of the CA 125 antigen, its small if any advantage compared to the specific markers, and they diminish its role as a marker for primary ovarian cancer from GI primary unless it exceeds 2,800 U/ml.     

Tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) in monitoring palliative treatment response of patients with gastrointestinal tumours.

The new proliferation marker, tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS), representing the specific epitope M3 of tissue polypeptide antigen, and three conventional biochemical markers, CEA, CA 19-9 and CA-195, were analysed in 69 patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumours. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical relevance of these markers and to determine whether their use in monitoring the course of the disease can reduce the need for serial imaging procedures. At baseline, pathologically elevated TPS levels occurred in 90% of patients. CEA was elevated in 73%, CA 19-9 in 59% and CA-195 in 68%. With a detection rate of > 90% in both advanced colorectal (n = 37) and pancreatic cancer (n = 20), and of 75% in gastric cancer (n = 12), TPS was the most sensitive marker in all three tumour types included in this analysis. Serial evaluations of TPS and other biochemical markers were available in 39 patients undergoing palliative systemic chemotherapy. Treatment with a fluorouracil-based regimen resulted in a partial response in 5/27 patients with colorectal cancer, whereas 2/12 patients with pancreatic cancer responded to therapy with a high-dose epirubicin combination regimen. All other patients had disease stabilisation or suffered from progressive disease. When compared with the results of serial CT scanning, the TPS correlated best with the course of the disease, the positive predictive value being 75% for a partial response, 96% for stable disease and partial response combined and 100% for progressive disease. The corresponding values for CEA were 50%, 81% and 62% and were similar to those for CA 19-9 and CA-195. In summary, TPS seems to represent a sensitive, clinically relevant and specific marker of proliferative activity in gastrointestinal cancer. According to our preliminary results in colorectal and pancreatic cancer, TPS may be considered as the primary means of monitoring treatment, and imaging reduced to confirm the response.     

血AFP、CEA、CA-50、CA-199联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的　探讨肿瘤标志物AFP、CEA、CA -5 0、CA -199联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断价值。方法　选择原发性肝癌 32例 ,行血清AFPRIA、CEARIA、CA -5 0IRMA、CA -199IRMA检测。结果　原发性肝癌 32例血AFP、CEA、CA -5 0、CA -199四项联合检测阳性符合率 10 0 % ,而各单项检测AFP为 6 8 8% (P <0 0 1) ,CEA 15 6 % (P <0 0 0 1) ,CA -5 0 78 1% (P <0 0 5 ) ,CA -19975 % (P <0 0 5 )。在原发性肝癌AFP阴性 10例中 ,血CEA值增高 2例 (2 0 % ) ,血CA -5 0值增高 9例 (90 % ) ,血CA -199值增高 8例 (80 % )。结论　血AFP、CEA、CA -5 0、CA -199四项标志物联合检测优于各单项检测 ,CA -5 0、CA -199对血AFP阴性原发性肝癌阳性符合率高 ,血CEA原发性肝癌诊断性符合率低 ,诊断意义较小。     

Cellular fibronectin concentration in the plasma of patients with malignant and benign diseases: a comparison with CA 19-9 and CEA.

EDAcFN enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is a new tumour marker assay measuring the extra domain A-containing isoform of cellular fibronectin (cFN), a component mainly found in extracellular matrices. The concentration cFN was measured in plasma and serum from 468 patients with malignant and benign diseases. The concentrations of cFN were higher in plasma than in serum. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, determination from plasma was superior to serum at specificity levels higher than 78% and was chosen for further analysis. The highest frequencies of elevated cFN values were seen in patients with hepato-pancreato-biliary malignancies (50-67%). In pancreatic and bile duct cancers, cFN provided little further information to that obtained by CA 19-9. The greatest advantage over CA 19-9 and CEA was seen in patients with local colorectal cancer and in hepatocellular carcinomas. Four out of nine patients with Dukes'' stage B colorectal cancer had an elevated cFn level, but only one had an abnormal CEA level. In hepatocellular carcinomas, cFN was also compared with alpha-fetoprotein. The sensitivity of cFN (72%) was superior to that of AFP (61%), and concomitant use of cFN and AFP raised the sensitivity to 83%. The highest frequencies of elevated values in patients with benign diseases were observed in those with severe liver disease (32%) and biliary (17%) and pancreatic (24%) diseases. A combination of cFN and CA 19-9 showed the highest overall sensitivity of 47%, compared with 31% for cFN and 33% for CA 19-9. The corresponding specificities were 76% for cFN +/- CA 19-9, 85% for cFN and 83% for CA 19-9. The accuracy of a combination of cFN and CA 19-9 or CEA (60% respectively) was higher than that of cFN (55%), CA 19-9 (55%) or CEA (45%) alone. In conclusion, the results of the new cFN test are encouraging and further studies on larger patient materials have been started.     

胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者血清AFP、CEA和CA19-9的表达特征探讨

目的:探讨血清肿瘤标志物AFP、CEA和CA19-9在胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者中的表达特征。方法:用罗氏全自动电化学发光分析仪测定126例胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者血清AFP、CEA和CA19-9的表达水平,并分析该3项指标与临床病理因素的关系。结果:血清CEA随着肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期增加以及远处转移而表达水平上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血清CA19-9随着临床分期及远处转移表达水平上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血清AFP表达水平在不同临床病理因素间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者血清CEA、CA19-9的表达水平与胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者的病情密切相关。     

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Elevation Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Importance of AFP Change in Tumor Response Evaluation

Background: Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in adults are considered abnormal. This parameteris used mostly in the diagnosis and follow-up of hepatocellular carcinomas and yolk sac tumors. Among the otherrare tumors accompanied with elevated serum AFP levels, gastric cancer is the most common. In this study, weevaluated the follow-up and comparison of the treatment and marker response of patients with metastatic gastriccancer who had elevated serum AFP levels. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study, includingall consecutive patients with advanced gastric cancer, who received systemic chemotherapy with elevated AFPlevel. Results: Seventeen metastatic gastric cancer patients with elevated AFP levels at the time of diagnosis wereevaluated. Fourteen (82.4%) were males and three (17.6%) were females. The primary tumor localization wasthe gastric body in 8 (76.4%), cardia in 7 (41.2%), and antrum in 2 (11.8%). Hepatic metastasis was observed in13 (76.4%) at the time of diagnosis. When the relationship of AFP levels and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)response of the patients with their radiologic responses was evaluated, it was found that the radiologic responsewas compatible with AFP response in 16 (94.1%) patients and with CEA response in 12 (70.6%); however, in 5(29.4%) patients no accordance was observed between radiological and CEA responses. Conclusions: Followupof AFP levels in metastatic gastric cancer patients with elevated AFP levels may allow prediction of earlytreatment response and could be more useful than the CEA marker for follow-up in response evaluation.     

Comparison of a new tumour marker CA 242 with CA 19-9, CA 50 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in digestive tract diseases

The levels of CA 242, a new tumour marker of carbohydrate nature, were measured in sera of 185 patients with malignancies of the digestive tract and of 123 patients with benign digestive tract diseases. High percentages of elevated CA 242 levels (greater than 20 U ml-1) were recorded in patients with pancreatic and biliary cancers (68%). The sensitivity was somewhat lower than that of CA 19-9 (76%) and CA 50 (73%). On the other hand, in benign pancreatic and biliary tract diseases the CA 242 level was less frequently elevated than the CA 19-9 and CA 50 levels. The serum CA 242 concentration was increased in 55% of patients with colorectal cancer. CA 242 detected more Dukes A-B carcinomas (47%) than CEA (32%), whereas CEA was more often elevated (71% vs 59%) in Dukes C-D carcinomas. CA 242 was slightly elevated (ad 41 U ml-1) in 10% of patients with benign colorectal diseases. CA 50 and CA 19-9 had lower sensitivities than CA 242 using the recommended cut-off values. When cut-off levels based on relevant benign colorectal diseases were used, the sensitivities of these markers were similar and somewhat higher than that of CEA. Less than half of patients with gastric cancer (44%) had an elevated CA 242 serum level. CA 242 is a promising new tumour marker, that may be of additional value in the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary, as well as colorectal cancer, and may be useful in monitoring cancer patients after radical surgery.     

An initial appraisal of the value of serum carbohydrate antigenic determinant (CA 19-9) levels in patients with pancreatic cancer

Serum CA 19-9 levels have been determined in 20 patients with pancreatic cancer, 18 patients with primary hepatocellular cancer, 15 patients with metastatic liver disease and 10 patients with colorectal cancer. Market elevations 3 times the upper limit of normal were found in all 20 patients with pancreatic cancer, 10 out of 15 with metastatic liver disease and 7 out of 18 with hepatoma. As serum AFP and CEA levels are normal in those with pancreatic cancer, the serum CA 19-9 level provides a sensitive and specific test for this malignancy.     

肿瘤标志物联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨肿瘤标志物（testing multi-tumor,TM）联合检测对原发性肝癌的诊断价值。方法:应用电化学发光法定量测定46例原发性肝癌患者、32例良性肝病患者、40例健康体检者血清中糖类抗原199（CA-199）、神经特异性烯醇酶（NSE）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原242（CA-242）、血清铁蛋白（FERR）、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（FPSA）、前列腺特异抗原（TPSA）、糖类抗原125（CA-125）、生长激素（HGH）、糖类抗原153（CA-153）12种TM的浓度。结果:肝癌组CA-199、CEA、CA-242、Ferritin、AFP、CA-153阳性率相对于良性肝病组及健康对照组显著增高（P<0.01）;肝癌组CA-199、CEA、CA-242、Ferritin、AFP、CA-153联合检测相对于健康对照组阳性率及敏感性显著增高（P<0.01）。结论:CA-199、CEA、CA-242、Ferritin、AFP、CA-153联合检测有助于提高原发性肝癌阳性检出率。     

甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原和糖链抗原19-9联合检测诊断消化系统恶性肿瘤的价值分析

目的 探讨甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)和糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)联合检测对消化系统恶性肿瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析300例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者和108例消化系统良性病变患者的临床资料,记录患者的血清AFP、CEA和CA19-9水平,评价其诊断效能.结果 肝癌患者的血清AFP、CEA和CA19-9水平均高于肝硬化患者,胃癌、胰腺癌和结直肠癌患者的血清CEA和CA19-9水平分别高于胃溃疡、胰腺炎和溃疡性结肠炎患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).单项检测中,AFP对肝癌的诊断敏感度(78.5%)高于CEA和CA19-9(P<0.05);CA19-9对胰腺癌的诊断敏感度(78.2%)高于AFP和CEA(P<0.05).对于肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌和结直肠癌,3项联合检测的敏感度均高于单项检测(P<0.05).结论 血清AFP、CEA和CA19-9联合检测对消化系统恶性肿瘤的早期诊断具有重要意义,可提高诊断的敏感度,且不会降低特异度.     

Measurement of a monoclonal-antibody-defined antigen (CA19-9) in the sera of patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen

Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using monoclonal antibody for colon cancer cell surface antigen (CA19-9) was compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with regard to sensitivity and specificity in 730 patients. In the 341 patients who had no evidence of malignant disease, CA19-9 levels ranged between less than 1.5 to 49 U/ml. Specificity of CA19-9 at a cutoff of 20 U/ml was similar to that of CEA at a cutoff of 5.0 ng/ml; CA19-9 was more sensitive than CEA in pancreatic cancer, whereas CEA was more sensitive than CA19-9 in breast, colon, and gastric cancer. Of 17 patients with pancreatic cancer, 13 had elevated levels of CA19-9 (sensitivity, 76%), whereas only 8 had elevated levels of CEA (sensitivity, 47%) and 15 had elevated levels of either CEA or CA19-9 (sensitivity, 88%). These findings suggest that, like CEA, CA19-9 is detectable in nonmalignant diseases and is not specific for gastrointestinal tumors, and has higher sensitivity than CEA only in pancreatic cancer. However, further prospective studies are required to verify its value in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer.     

Clinical investigation of carbohydrate antigen CA-50

The CA-50 enzyme immunoassay kit (EIA kit) that has been developed with the use of C-50 monoclonal antibody prepared by L. Lindholm et al. was evaluated for diagnosis of human cancer. The levels of CA-50 in the sera were determined using this kit supplied from Mitsui Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Co. in 759 healthy donors, 728 patients with benign disease and 1,263 untreated patients with cancer. A CA-50 concentration of 40 U/ml of serum was used as the cut-off value. Patients with pancreatic cancer and patients with bile duct cancer had high positive incidence of 75% and 68%, respectively, compared with a low positive incidence of under 40% in patients with other cancers. On the other hand, positive rates in patients with benign disease were as low as 13%. Comparison of the serum levels of CA-50 with CA19-9 in the same samples did not exhibit complete positive correlation in patients with pancreatic cancer, patients with bile duct cancer and patients with liver cancer. These findings indicated that C-50 antibody reacted with two epitopes of CA19-9 and sialosyllactotetraose. From the above results, the usefulness of CA-50 as a tumor marker for pancreatic cancer and bile duct cancer was recognized with this EIA kit.     

Measurement of a pancreatic cancer-associated antigen (DU-PAN-2) detected by a monoclonal antibody in sera of patients with digestive cancers

DU-PAN-2 is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein defined by a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) against a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line. In order to evaluate the usefulness of this antigen as a tumor marker, we determined the serum level of the antigen by competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay in sera from 139 patients with various malignant tumors, chiefly digestive cancers, 98 patients with different benign diseases and 11 healthy subjects. Values in the healthy subjects were less than 100 U/ml. Levels above 100 U/ml were frequently observed in sera from benign diseases, but levels above 400 U/ml were found in only 6 of the patients with benign diseases. In contrast, levels exceeding 400 U/ml were detected in 72% of patients with pancreatic cancer, 44% of patients with hepatocellular cancer and 40% of patients with biliary tract cancer. The positivity was low in other cancers such as gastric cancer (19%) and colorectal cancer (7%). Serum levels of CEA and CA 19-9 were also determined in cancer patients. Among the pancreatic cancer patients studied, values above 400 U/ml were found in 5 of the 8 CEA-negative patients (less than 5 ng/ml) and 2 of the 3 CA 19-9 negative patients (less than 37 U/ml). These results indicate that determination of the serum DU-PAN-2 can aid in serological diagnosis of cancer of the digestive tract, more particularly of the pancreas.     

化学发光免疫法在原发性肝癌患者肿瘤标志物检验中的应用

目的 探讨原发性肝癌化学发光免疫法(CLIA)在肿瘤生物标志物检验中的应用价值.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年1月间西安国际医学中心医院收治的100例原发性肝癌患者纳入原发性肝癌组,另选取同期100例健康体检人员作为健康对照组.采用CLIA对血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)、α-L-岩藻糖苷酶(AFU)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(...     

胃癌患者血清CEA、AFP、CA724、CA125的检测联合病理学检查的临床诊断效果

目的 探讨胃癌患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、糖类抗原724(CA724)、糖类抗原125(CA125)的检测联合病理学检查的临床诊断效果.方法 收集胃癌患者69例为研究对象纳入胃癌组,选择同期良性病变组患者58例为良性病变组,另选同期行健康检查的健康受试者50例为对照组.对胃癌组、良性病变组患者和对照...     

The clinical information value of an immunoenzyme study of the tumor markers CA-19-9, CEA and AFP in cancer of the stomach, pancreas, colon and rectum]

Blood levels of CEA, CA 19-9 and AFP were assayed by immunoenzyme technique in 60 cases of gastric cancer, 15 patients with pancreatic cancer and 30 patients with colorectal cancer. CEA and CA 19-9 levels were found to depend upon stage and degree of tumor differentiation. Changes in the antigen levels in the course of treatment reflected the degree of its radicality. In application of the immunoenzyme assay, CA 19-9 level appeared most clinically relevant in gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. CEA concentration can serve as an indicator of liver metastases. CA 19-9 and CEA levels can be used for monitoring and objective evaluation of treatment for gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer as well as for predicting response.     

Immunocytological detection of micrometastatic cells: Comparative evaluation of findings in the peritoneal cavity and the bone marrow of gastric,colorectal and pancreatic cancer patients

The prognosis of digestive cancers is poor mainly due to intraperitoneal relapse by cells which may have already been seeded at the time of surgery. Using immunocytology we investigated the peritoneal cavity and, as a comparison, the bone marrow of 147 patients with gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancer for micrometastatic cells. Cytological samples from peritoneal cavity lavages and bone marrow aspirates were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) (CEA, CA-19-9, 17-1-A, C-54-0, Ra96) and compared to a MAb staining cytokeratins (KL-I). Patients with benign diseases served as controls. Intraperitoneal micrometastatic cells were detected in 27% of colorectal, 43% of gastric and 58% of pancreatic cancer patients. In the bone marrow, the corresponding data were 29% for colorectal, 25% for gastric and 58% for pancreatic cancer patients. Combined evaluation of both compartments increased the detection rate significantly (colorectal cancer: 40%, gastric cancer: 52%, pancreatic cancer: 72%). No unwarranted reactions were found in the control group. Combining 3 antibodies (CA-19-9, Ra96, C-54-0) enabled good detection for peritoneal cavity samples. In the bone marrow, the use of 2 antibodies (KL-I and CA-19-9) detected 94% of all positive samples, whereas KL-I and CA-19-9 stained approx. 70% of all positive samples in each case. The occurence of stained cells in the peritoneal cavity correlated with classical prognostic factors (TNM classification). © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

血清CA125、CEA、AFP联合检测在卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨血清CA125、CEA、AFP联合检测在卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断中的临床价值.方法 将卵巢恶性肿瘤患者86例作为研究对象,另选取同期于我院进行上述指标检测的卵巢良性肿瘤患者45例以及健康女性40例作为对照.观察卵巢恶性肿瘤患者血清CA125、CEA、AFP表达水平,并对不同分期、病理类型以及淋巴结转移情况患者情况进行比较,考察联合检测对比单项检测的阳性率.结果 卵巢癌组、卵巢良性肿瘤组患者以及健康体检女性CA125、CEA、AFP表达水平存在统计学差异(P＜0.05).不同临床分期卵巢癌患者CA125、CEA、AFP表达水平存在差异(P＜0.05).不同病理类型卵巢癌患者CA125及AFP表达水平存在差异,但CEA表达水平差异不明显(P＞0.05);有淋巴结转移的卵巢癌患者CA125、CEA、AFP表达量明显高于无淋巴结转移患者.3种标志物联合检测可提高阳性率(P＜0.05).结论 血清CA125、CEA、AFP对于卵巢恶性肿瘤具有诊断价值,联合检测可提高诊断阳性率,但同时也提高了假阳性率.     

Tumor-associated antigen levels (carcinoembryonic antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, and alpha-fetoprotein) antedating the diagnosis of cancer in the Framingham study.

Determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were done by use of frozen serum samples antedating the diagnosis of cancer for 9 pancreatic and 8 gastric carcinoma patients from the Framingham Heart Study. The longest intervals for elevated antigens before cancer diagnosis were 10 months for CEA and 26 months for HCG. (The single elevated AFP was found in a sample 10 days before clinical diagnosis.) Samples from 31 controls matched with the cancer subjects by age, sex, vital capacity, and smoking status showed over 20% "false" positive CEA elevations (all smokers with low vital capacities) and over 20% borderline false positive HCG elevations in postmenopausal females. Although 10-26 months' lead time could infer some potential for use of these tumor-associated antigens to help detect malignant neoplasms at an earlier stage, a serious problem of frequent false positives prevents CEA and HCG levels from being useful as cancer-screening tests at this time.     

Tumor markers in mammary carcinoma. An evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen, placental alkaline phosphatase, pseudouridine and CA-50

In 104 patients with breast cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and the carbohydrate antigen CA-50 were analysed in serum. Excretion of the modified nucleoside, pseudouridine, was analysed in urine. The patients were subdivided in three different clinical stages according to disease manifestations. Levels of CEA and pseudouridine correlated to clinical stage and 58 per cent of the patients with distant metastases had elevated levels of CEA, compared with 36 per cent for pseudouridine. For PLAP and CA-50, the levels did not show any clear correlation to clinical stage. Increased activity of PLAP correlated strongly to tobacco smoking. A decrease in the level of CEA was observed following radical mastectomy. Increase in CEA levels predicted relapse in 5 out of 14 patients within about 3 to 6 months. In patients with tumor manifestations, elevated CEA levels predicted an inferior prognosis compared to those with ordinary levels.