小鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞的免疫细胞化学观察

本采用免疫细胞化学ABC法，观察到小鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞呈现降钙素基因相关肽和生长抑素免疫反应阳性，但两在颗粒曲管细胞内分布特点不尽相同，腺泡细胞呈免疫反应阴性，本就下颌下腺中降钙素基因相关肽和生长抑素存在的意义进行了讨论。     

大鼠颌下腺颗粒曲管神经肽的分布

目的 研究颌下腺内神经肽的性质、分布。方法 免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ方法。结果 大鼠颌下腺颗粒曲管和纹状管上皮细胞呈ＳＯＭ、ＳＰ、ＶＩＰ和ＮＰＹ免疫反应性,崦腺兆细胞为阴性。结论 大鼠颌下腺导管上皮细胞内含有多种神经肽,可能参与腺体的分泌活动、血液供应乃至消化道功能的调节。     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞的形态变化

用半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色方法，观察大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈过程中颌下腺颗粒曲管（ＧＣＴ）细胞的变化。ＧＣＴ细胞可分为三种类型：宽暗颗粒细胞、亮颗粒细胞和狭窄玩颗粒细胞。溃疡术后４天，宽暗颗粒细胞和颗粒明显减少；术后１０天，宽暗颗粒细胞和颗粒略增多；术后１４－２１，宽暗颗粒细胞和颗粒均明显增多，颗粒更加粗大，含颗粒少的细胞向含颗粒多的细胞过度明显，这些变化尤以术后１４天更明显；至术后２８天，各项变化趋于恢     

显示大鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞方法的探讨

本应用几种方法观察研究了大鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管（GCT）细胞，包括石蜡切片Malory染色，树脂包埋半薄切片甲苯胺蓝染色，石蜡切片、半薄切片免疫组织化学法（PAP法，免疫金银法），和透射电镜观察。应用这些方法进行比较与印证，对GCT细胞的形态结构、功能及异质性特征等提出可靠的见解。本对上述几种方法步骤的具体条件和要领进行了探讨。     

雌激素受体β在大鼠下颌下腺的免疫组织化学定位

目的：探讨雌激素β型受体（estrogen receptorβ，ER-β）在大鼠下颌下腺的定位和分布，为进一步研究ER-β在下颌下腺的可能功能提供形态学依据。方法：免疫组织化学SABC法。结果：大鼠下颌下腺浆液性腺细胞、泡心细胞、闰管、颗粒曲管及大于颗粒曲管的各级导管上皮细胞均呈ER-β免疫反应阳性，阳性反应物质主要位于阳性细胞胞质内，核呈阴性反应。结论：大鼠下颌下腺存在ER-β，雌激素可能通过ER-β的介导对下颌下腺功能进行调控。     

大鼠肝部分切除后再生期间颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞的组织学和组织化学变化

本研究将大鼠分肝部分切除组、假手术组和正常对照组。术后1、2、3、7、14天取颌下腺,进行组织学和组织化学染色。结果表明,肝部分切除后1～3天颌下腺颗粒曲管(GCT)变化明显,术后第3天达高峰。GCT细胞内分泌颗粒数量减少;PAS、-SS-基和磷钨酸苏木精反应阳性的颗粒数量变少,导管系统内容物的反应增强;GCT细胞的SDH活性增强,NE和AcP活性减弱。术后第7天,除SDH继续增强,NE继续减弱外,其他指标已趋正常。术后第14天,各项指标均趋于正常。此外,肝部分切除大鼠的GCT细胞的RNA、G6Pase和5′-Nase均无明显变化。本文的结果提示,肝部分切除后颌下腺GCT细胞的变化似与肝再生存在密切关系。     

胎鼠脊髓神经干细胞与颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞联合培养的研究

目的研究颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞(GCT细胞)对脊髓神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖分化的影响。方法取胎鼠脊髓NSCs原代和传代培养,取成年雌、雄大鼠GCT细胞原代和传代培养,实验分为3组:NSCs和GCT细胞联合培养组;雌、雄大鼠GCT细胞培养上清液与NSCs培养液混合后培养NSCs;NSCs培养液组为对照组;免疫荧光细胞化学方法进行细胞鉴定,MTT法对比各组NSCs增殖活力。结果NSCs与GCT细胞联合培养7 d后Nestin阳性神经球数多于单独培养,雄性大鼠GCT细胞混合培养液组NSCs增殖活力最强,对照组NSC最弱,雌性混合培养液组介于两者之间。鉴定细胞球Nestin阳性,各组均有少量贴壁分化细胞。结论大鼠GCT细胞分泌物促进NSCs增殖,抑制分化,雄性大鼠GCT细胞作用比雌性大鼠显著。     

CCl_4 所致大鼠肝损伤自愈过程中颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞表皮生长因子的免疫组织化学研究

为探讨肝损伤后颌下腺颗粒曲管（ｇｒａｎｕｌａｒｃｏｎｖｏｌｕｔｅｄｔｕｂｕｌｅ，ＧＣＴ）细胞内表皮生长因子（ｅｐｉｄｅｒｍａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＥＧＦ）的变化与肝的自愈过程之间的关系，本研究用免疫组织化学方法观察了ＣＣｌ４所致大鼠肝损伤自愈过程中颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞内表皮生长因子的反应强度及相关数量变化。结果显示：肝损伤后的第２、４、８ｄ，ＥＧＦ阳性细胞数增加（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。肝损伤第２ｄ，ＧＣＴ细胞内弱阳性细胞数增多（Ｐ＜０．０１），第４ｄ，中等及弱阳性细胞数增多（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．００１），至第８ｄ，强、中、弱阳性细胞数均增多（Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明：颌下腺ＧＣＴ细胞内的ＥＧＦ参与肝损伤后的修复及再生。     

血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶对小细胞肺癌的诊断价值探讨

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一 ,而其中小细胞肺癌恶性程度最高、转移较早 ,据文献报道 ,临床确诊时 ,约 5 0 %已有远处转移。但小细胞肺癌 (ｓｍａｌｌｃｅｌｌｌｕｎｇｃａｎｃｅｒ,ＳＣＬＣ)对放疗较为敏感 ,早期诊断、早期治疗可延长病人生存期。为探讨血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (ｎｅｕｒｏｎｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｅｎｏｌａｓｅ,ＮＳＥ)对ＳＣＬＣ患者的诊断价值 ,我们应用放射免疫分析法对 2 9例小细胞肺癌患者及 4 0例正常人血清进行了ＮＳＥ的检测。材料和方法一、临床资料 :(一 )小细胞肺癌 (ＳＣＬＣ)组 :2 9例 (男 2 1,女 8) ,年龄 2 …     

雌二醇对大鼠颌下腺GnRH、GH生成的影响

目的　研究雌二醇 (estradiol- 17β,E2 )对颌下腺促性腺激素释放激素 (gonadotropin releasing hor-mone,Gn RH)和生长激素 (growth factor,GH )生成的影响。方法　采用免疫组织化学的 ABC法。结果　雌二醇促进颌下腺 Gn RH的生成而对 GH的产生有抑制作用。结论　雌二醇可能对颌下腺 Gn RH和 GH的合成起重要的调节作用     

Effects of Cystic Fibrosis Serum and Fibroblast Culture Medium on Ion Distribution in Rat Submandibular Gland

The effects of cystic fibrosis (CF) serum and culture medium from CF fibroblasts on ion distribution in rat submandibular gland cells were investigated by X-ray microanalysis. These effects were compared to the effects of normal serum and culture medium from normal fibroblasts, of cholinergic and adrenergic agonists, and of the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol.

Incubation of gland tissue with CF serum or normal serum caused a significant decrease in potassium and calcium concentrations and an increase in sodium in mucous acinar and serous granular duct cells. CF serum gave a significantly larger decrease of the potassium level than normal serum.

Culture medium from CF fibroblasts altered the cellular ion content in a way similar to CF serum. Exposure to medium from cultured normal fibroblasts did not affect the elemental composition of the gland cells significantly, compared to incubation with fresh medium or buffer. Hence, fibroblast culture medium is more suitable than serum to test specific effects of CF-associated factors.

The changes in elemental composition of gland eelIs caused by CF serum or CF fibroblast culture medium mimic some of the effects of the agonist car-bachol. They could, however, also in part result from nonspecific changes in membrane permeability.     

FSH受体在大鼠下颌下腺的定位及其与FSH的共存关系

目的研究大鼠下颌下腺FSH受体的定位及其与FSH的免疫共定位关系,证明下颌下腺是FSH的一个靶器官。方法制备大鼠下颌下腺石蜡连续切片以免疫组化SABC法分别研究FSH和FSHR的免疫定位。结果大鼠下颌下腺浆液性腺泡上皮细胞、颗粒曲管、排泄管及分泌管上皮细胞内有FSHR和FSH免疫反应阳性物质共存,阳性物质分布在胞质内,胞核阴性。结论大鼠下颌下腺存在FSHR,是雌激素的靶器官,而且FSHR和FSH共存于下颌下腺相同的细胞,FSH可能通过FSHR的介导调节下颌下腺的功能。     

Immunohistochemical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Cytokeratin Distribution in the Collecting Tubule of the Rat Kidney

Cytokeratin distribution in the collecting tubules (CTs) of the rat kidney was studied by immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After preparation of sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue for immunohistochemistry, the remaining tissue was prepared for SEM. The cut surfaces of the tissue were examined by SEM and compared with sections stained with anti cytokeratin antibody. The immunostained sections revealed positive staining along the entire CTs. However, in addition to diffusely stained cells, unstained and partially stained cells were seen. The latter were not distributed in inner medullary CTs, whereas the diffusely stained cells were observed in cortical, outer medullary and inner medullary CTs. This immunohistochemical heterogeneity of cytokeratin reactivity was prominent in the outer medullary and cortical CTs. From this comparative study of immunostained sections and SEM specimens, it was concluded that the hetero-geneously stained cells correspond to intercalated cells, whereas the diffusely stained cells represent most principal cells. These results suggest that the difference in cytokeratin density among CT cells may represent different functional states, at least in intercalated cells.     

Localization of Hsp27 in the Rat Submandibular Gland Following the Application of Various Surgical Treatments

Salivary glands repair and regenerate following various types of injuries and surgical procedures. However, the tissue responses induced in the contralateral glands have yet to be elucidated in detail. Hsp27, a member of the heat-shock protein (Hsp) family, is strongly expressed in physiological environments, particularly during development. Hsp27 was previously shown to play a role in the regulation of acinar cell proliferation and differentiation in the rat submandibular gland.The present study performed the following surgical treatments on the right submandibular glands of adult rats: 1) duct ligation followed by unligation after one week; 2) partial sialoadenectomy; and 3) total sialoadenectomy. Immunohistochemistry for Hsp27 and Ki67 was performed in the experimental and normal contralateral glands, and localization was histologically and morphometrically analyzed.The results obtained revealed the localization of Hsp27 to the intercalated duct in the submandibular glands of non-treated rats. The expression of Hsp27 was strongly induced in both the uninjured contralateral control glands as well as treated glands of experimental rats regardless of the surgical procedure performed. The number of Hsp27-immunopositive cells increased rapidly following surgery, and subsequently returned to the same level as that in non-treated rats after 4 weeks. However, no marked changes were observed in the number of Ki67-immunopositive proliferating cells. Therefore, the change in the number of Hsp27-immunopositive cells may have contributed to compensatory hypertrophy. The results of the present study indicate that the expression of Hsp27 in the intercalated duct in the submandibular gland may play a role in the differentiation of acinar cells.     

Role of Stress-Related Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Rat Submandibular Gland

The nerve growth factor (NGF) family comprises NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophins (NTs)-3, -4/5, -6 and -7, all of which are collectively referred to as neurotrophins. However, the expression of neurotrophins other than NGF in the salivary gland has not been described in detail. Through interaction with the TrkB receptor, BDNF plays an important role in long-term potentiation. We found that BDNF expression increased within submandibular gland tissue in response to stress, suggesting that the salivary glands are sensitive to stress. In addition, stress caused increases in plasma BDNF derived from the submandibular gland and in TrkB receptor mRNA in the adrenal medulla. Plasma BDNF might activate TrkB receptors in the adrenal medulla during acute stress. The salivary glands are likely to influence not only oral health, but also systemic organs. This review addressed the relationship between hormone-like effects and stress-related BDNF expression in the rat submandibular gland.     

The Reserpinized Rat in the Study of Cystic Fibrosis: X-ray Microanalysis of Submandibular Gland and Pancreas

The chronically reserpinized rat has been suggested as an animal model for cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis of thick and thin cryosections was carried out to assess elemental redistribution in the submandibular glands and the pancreas of reserpinized rats at the cellular and subcellular level. In the submandibular gland of reserpinized rats, calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly elevated. Mucus globules, secretory granules, and endoplasmic reticulum were the primary sites of the localization of excess calcium and magnesium. A significant potassium loss from the gland had occurred, particularly from the serous cells. Electron microscopy of conventionally prepared tissue showed marked swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum, especially in mucous cells.

The elemental changes in the pancreatic acinar cells of reserpinized rats were reminiscent of elemental redistribution connected with cell death: increased levels of sodium, chlorine, and calcium and decreased levels of magnesium and potassium. Ultrastructural changes included swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and obstruction of the acinar lumen. It is concluded that elemental redistribution in chronically reserpinized rats presents interesting parallels with cystic fibrosis.     

The Reserpinized Rat in the Study of Cystic Fibrosis: X-ray Microanalysis of Submandibular Gland and Pancreas

The chronically reserpinized rat has been suggested as an animal model for cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis of thick and thin cryosections was carried out to assess elemental redistribution in the submandibular glands and the pancreas of reserpinized rats at the cellular and subcellular level. In the submandibular gland of reserpinized rats, calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly elevated. Mucus globules, secretory granules, and endoplasmic reticulum were the primary sites of the localization of excess calcium and magnesium. A significant potassium loss from the gland had occurred, particularly from the serous cells. Electron microscopy of conventionally prepared tissue showed marked swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum, especially in mucous cells.

The elemental changes in the pancreatic acinar cells of reserpinized rats were reminiscent of elemental redistribution connected with cell death: increased levels of sodium, chlorine, and calcium and decreased levels of magnesium and potassium. Ultrastructural changes included swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and obstruction of the acinar lumen. It is concluded that elemental redistribution in chronically reserpinized rats presents interesting parallels with cystic fibrosis.     

当归对缺氧缺血性脑损伤幼年大鼠神经元的保护作用

目的探讨脑缺氧缺血对幼年大鼠海马齿状回神经元的影响及当归注射对其保护作用。方法取7日龄健康SD新生大鼠33只,随机分为对照组、缺氧组和当归组各11只。缺氧组和当归组新生大鼠在无菌环境下结扎左侧颈总动脉,术后护理2 h后置于三气培养箱持续缺氧2 h/d,连续7 d,制作新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤模型,对照组仅行假手术,不结扎左侧颈总动脉、不缺氧。术后第8 d开始,缺氧组和对照组大鼠经腹腔注射生理盐水（8 ml/Kg）,连续7 d;当归组用等量当归注射液（250 g/L）代替生理盐水。于生后第40 d取大鼠脑组织,常规石蜡包埋、经海马切片,行神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）免疫组化染色,图像分析海马齿状回NSE阳性细胞的积分光密度（IOD）值。结果缺氧组大鼠海马齿状回NSE阳性细胞的IOD值较对照组降低,而当归组NSE阳性细胞的IOD值较缺氧组增高。结论脑缺氧缺血可降低幼年大鼠海马齿状回NSE的表达,而当归注射液对缺氧缺血性脑损伤幼年大鼠神经元可能具有保护作用。