向日葵属植物倍半萜类化学成分及其生物活性研究概况

具有多种生物活性,结构多样的倍半萜类化合物在菊科向日葵属植物中广泛存在,现对向日葵属植物的倍半萜类化学成分及其生物活性研究概况进行了系统综述,发现其中的倍半萜内酯类化学成分占绝大多数,且主要是吉马内酯类结构类型,桉叶内酯类和愈创木内酯类次之,生物活性显示它们具有抗肿瘤、抑菌、异株克生和杀虫等多种作用。倍半萜类化合物的骨架为较特殊的环己醚或苯骈环庚醚类,它们的生物活性主要体现在异株克生和杀虫作用。     

鼠尾草属植物中松香烷型和意烯萜烷型二萜及其生物活性的研究进展

鼠尾草属(Salvia)植物在传统医学上广泛用于治疗多种疾病。该属植物富含松香烷型和意烯萜烷型二萜类成分，此类成分不仅化学结构多变而且生物活性广泛。本综述对2012-2022年从鼠尾草属植物中发现的139个新松香烷型和意烯萜烷型二萜及其生物活性进行总结。     

千金子抗肿瘤作用研究进展

对千金子主要抗肿瘤成分及其抗肿瘤作用进行综述,梳理了千金子提取物和二萜、香豆素类成分抗肿瘤作用的研究现状,认为千金子具有逐水消肿、破血散结功效,其单体成分的抗肿瘤作用多集中于千金二萜烷型化合物和香豆素类的秦皮乙素,其中以二萜化合物的研究为多。这些二萜类成分对不同肿瘤细胞的抑制作用是不同的,具有一定的选择性,而且个别二萜化合物对肿瘤细胞无细胞毒性,这说明虽有相同母核结构,由于取代基不同,其抗肿瘤活性存在很大差异。参考文献29篇。     

没药倍半萜成分的分离鉴定及抗肿瘤活性

目的从没药提取物中分离纯化倍半萜单体成分，并探讨其抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的生物活性。方法没药石油醚提取部分经硅胶柱层析分离得到二十多个倍半萜类化合物。其中化合物1和2的结晶分别经熔点测定、薄层层析、1H-NMR和13C-NMR数据分析以及与已知化合物比较，确定其化学结构。 利用MTT法检测化合物1和2对大肠癌细胞HT-29和激素非依赖型前列腺癌细胞PC-3、PC-3M、DU-145及正常肝的永生化细胞LO2细胞增殖的影响。结果经理化性质鉴定、波谱分析，确定化合物1的结构为［1(10)E,2R,4R]-2-甲氧基-8,12-环氧吉玛-1(10),7,11-三烯-6-酮；化合物2的结构为2-甲氧基-5-乙酰基-4-呋喃吉玛-1(10)-烯-6-酮，二者同属没药吉玛烷型倍半萜类化合物。MTT结果表明，化合物1和2对大肠癌细胞增殖的抑制作用较弱。而对三种激素非依赖型前列腺癌细胞的增殖有非常显著的抑制作用（P＜0.01），且呈剂量依赖性。另外，化合物对正常肝永生化细胞的增殖无明显影响。结论经分离纯化、理化性质鉴定和波谱分析，确定了没药吉玛型倍半萜化合物1和2的结构，该化合物对前列腺癌细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用。     

Neo—克罗烷型二萜的圆二色谱研究

对Ｎｅｏ－克罗烷型二萜化合物进行了系统的圆二色（ＣＤ）谱研究，应用烯烃和环己酮的八区律、α，β－不饱和酮以及γ－内酯的扇形规则等确定了新化合物穗花香料素（ｔｅｕｐｏｎｉｎ，１），庐山香料素甲￣丁（ｔｅｕｐｅｒｎｉｎｓ Ａ￣Ｄ，７，８，９，１０），６－表－庐山香料素丙（６－ｅｐｉ－ｔｅｕｐｅｒｎｉｎ Ｃ，１２）的绝对构型。     

Neo－克罗烷型二萜的圆二色谱研究

对Ｎｅｏ－克罗烷型二萜化合物进行了系统的圆二色（ＣＤ）谱研究，应用烯烃和环己酮的八区律、α，β－不饱和酮以及γ－内酯的扇形规则等确定了新化合物穗花香科素（ｔｅｕｐｏｎｉｎ，１），庐山香科素甲～丁（ｔｅｕｐｅｒｎｉｎｓＡ～Ｄ，７，８．９，１０）．６－表－庐山香料素丙（６－ｅｐｉ－ｔｅｕｐｅｒｎｉｎＣ，１２）的绝对构型。     

甘遂烷型三萜的研究进展

甘遂烷型三萜是一类具有四环体系三萜类型的化合物，在植物分布中比较罕见，是一类数量较少的三萜类化合物。为了进一步研究甘遂烷型三萜，通过查阅有关甘遂烷型这一类化合物的文献，对该类三萜的植物分布、化学结构分类及典型核磁共振碳谱数据进行综述。     

天然紫杉烷类化合物的氢谱及若干结构的修改建议

本文对已经报道的天然紫杉烷类化合物按照一种新的方法进行分类，并在此基础上研究了这类化合物的氢谱。研究发现Ｉ类骨架和Ⅱ类骨架的化合物在氢谱上有明显的区别，而且有些Ⅱ类骨架的化合物被误定为Ｉ类骨架。根据氢谱的研究对误定的一些化合物提出修改的建议，这些修改建议得到了碳谱的支持。     

皱叶香茶菜中一新的二桥氧-对映-贝壳杉烷类二萜化合物rugosinin

香茶菜属Isodon植物中的很多对映-贝壳杉烷类二萜化合物都具有明显的生物活性。作者又从皱叶香茶菜I.rugosus地上部分甲醇提取物中分得一新的对映-贝壳杉烷     

植物石胡荽中愈创木内酯型倍半萜类化学成分的研究进展

石胡荽,又名鹅不食草,是我国传统药用植物。研究表明,石胡荽中含有大量的倍半萜类化学成分,其中,有多种愈创木内酯型倍半萜已被证明具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化活性及抗病毒活性等方面的生物活性。文章总结了植物石胡荽中已分离鉴定得到的33种倍半萜化合物的化学结构特征及其药理活性作用,为更加合理地利用石胡荽的植物资源提供参考依据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.