神经元特异性烯醇化酶对脑膜炎患儿的诊断价值

目的探讨脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶(CSF-NSE)对脑膜炎患儿的诊断价值。方法采用ELISA对18例化脓性脑膜炎(化脑)、13例结核性脑膜炎(结脑)及25例病毒性脑膜炎(病脑)及18例正常儿童CSF-NSE进行测定。结果与对照组比较,化脑及结脑患儿CSF-NSE水平均显著升高(P均<0.05);病脑患儿无显著性差异(P>0.05);化脑及结脑患儿CSF-NSE水平较病脑患儿显著升高(P<0.05);化脑、结脑、病脑患儿CSF-NSE与其CSF白细胞数及蛋白水平均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论CSF-NSE测定可作为鉴别化脑和病脑的重要参考指标之一,也可作为评价脑膜炎患儿病情严重程度及预后的生化指标。     

早期应用肝素治疗休克型暴发性流行性脑脊髓膜炎

目的探讨早期应用肝素治疗休克型暴发性流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)的疗效。方法对28例休克型暴发性流脑进行回顾性分析,在扩容、纠酸、抗感染等综合治疗基础上加用肝素。结果28例患儿应用肝素后14例PLT升高,21例凝血时间(TT)恢复到正常2倍。16例治疗有效,另12例应用3次肝素,2次肝素全血均不能纠正DIC,最终死亡。结论早期应用肝素治疗小儿流脑疗效较好且安全,未见出血等不良反应。     

Types of Fluid Disorder in Children with Bacterial Meningitis

ABSTRACT. As part of a prospective study of children with bacterial meningitis we analyzed in 36 patients of our hospital the fluid balance on admission and during the first three days of treatment. On admission 10 of them (28%) had inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion SIADH, 10 (28%) hypo-osmolal and 10 (28%) iso-osmolal contraction. Six patients (17%) had no clear fluid disorder. The patients with SIADH had significantly lower mean serum NA'(127 vs. 132 mEq/l, p < 0.0l) and higher mean urine Na+ (111 vs. 26 mEq/l, p < 0.01) concentration as well as higher mean urinary Na+/K+ ratio (2.23 vs. 0.365, p < 0.005) than the patients with hypo-osmolal contraction. They also tended to be younger and have a shorter history of fever. The patients with SIADH had a less strict fluid restriction than the patients with hypo-osmolal contraction, and their fluid balance normalized more slowly. Our findings support initial water restriction for all children with bacterial meningitis.     

Immunological Markers in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV-1-Infected Children

ABSTRACT. Several immunological abnormalities were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children. Intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins, free light chains (FLC), IL-1β, IL-6, and M-CSF were demonstrated both in asymptomatic children and children with subacute encephalopathy. Our findings further support the hypothesis that an immunopathological subclinical process within the central nervous system (CNS) may be an early manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Cytokine detection in the CSF may represent a useful diagnostic tool in evaluating the outcome of HIV-1-infected patients.     

Peripheral Facial Palsy in Children: A Cerebrospinal Fluid Study

Seven children and five adults with acute, peripheral facial palsy were investigated by clinical, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations. Routine blood examinations and blood and CSF serological tests were normal. In all children studied the CSF showed an increased number of mononuclear white cells despite the absence of clinical signs of meningitis in all but one. Two of the twelve patients studied had normal CSF. Contrary to that in adults the outcome in children was excellent, all recovered totally within three months. The present study indicates that acute, peripheral facial palsy is a manifestation of a generalized disorder with subclinical pathology of the central nervous system, and that in children a lumbar puncture should be done, even if there are no signs of meningitis.     

Evaluation of Suspected Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Complications in Children

The development and utilization of CSF shunts have saved the lives of countless children who would have otherwise died without treatment, and the widespread use of these devices has made the management of children with shunts one of the most common problems encountered by pediatric neurosurgeons. When children with shunts seek medical attention, it is frequently a pediatrician or an emergency physician who will be the first to evaluate the patient. The complications associated with shunting can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality if not recognized and treated promptly; therefore, an understanding of the common presentations and causes of shunt failure is critical for first-line providers. Neurosurgical consultation should be considered in any child with a suspected shunt malfunction or infection. The prompt recognition and treatment of these disorders have the potential to reduce the risk of neurological injury and even death in these children.     

脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶对高胆红素血症新生儿远期神经发育的预测价值

目的了解高胆红素血症足月新生儿远期神经发育状况，探讨脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇化酶（CSF-NSE）水平对远期神经发育的预测价值。方法采用首都儿科研究所与心理研究所制定的0～4岁婴幼儿精神发育量表对足月高胆红素血症及健康新生儿各39例进行3、24个月的智力发育随访；39例高胆红素血症足月新生儿在黄疸极期检测CSF—NSE水平。结果随访3、24个月均发现高胆红素血症足月新生儿总发育商（DQ）低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P=0，0．047）；单项DQ比较显示精细动作和社交行为均明显低于对照组（Pa=0）；3、24个月DQ与CSF—NSE水平存在显著负相关（r=-0．46P=0．04；r=-0．32P=0．047），与TSB水平无明显关系（r=-0．21P=0．20；r=-0．30P=0．06）。结论高胆红素血症可能对远期智力发育有影响，CSF—NSE可作为判断高胆红素血症新生儿远期神经发育的预测因子之一。     

Lactoferrin, C-reactive Protein, α-1-Antitrypsin and Immunoglobulin GA in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Meningitis

ABSTRACT. Cerebrospinal fluid measurements of lactoferrin and α-1-antitrypsin showed significant elevation in bacterial meningitis in children. 8 of 10 lactoferrin values and 6 of 11 α-1-antitrypsin values were above the upper range of controls. Both proteins correlated well with the total number of leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. C-reactive protein, measured by either agglutination or radial immunodiffusion in the cerebrospinal fluid, failed to demonstrate any asefulness in diagnosing bacterial meningitis. Neither elevated serum C-reactive protein in cases of bacterial meningitis, nor sepsis, gave detectable concentrations of C-reactive protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.     

社区获得性急性细菌性脑膜炎患儿的管理

细菌性脑膜炎(BM)是小儿常见的神经系统感染性疾病之一,常影响小儿精神运动发育,其正确的诊断和治疗一直是个挑战;美国、欧洲、加拿大、法国、英国先后于2004 - 2010年发布了BM治疗指南,对于指导临床医师处理BM有重要的参考价值.     

细菌性脑膜炎患儿血清、脑脊液基质金属蛋白酶水平变化及其临床意义

目的观察细菌性脑膜炎(PM)患儿血清和脑脊液(CSF)基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-2、MMP-9)水平的变化,分析其相关性,并结合CSF清蛋白指数(AQ),探讨MMP-2、MMP-9在PM患儿血脑脊液屏障(BBB)损伤中的作用机制,并分析其临床意义。方法采用ELISA法检测32例PM患儿(PM组)急性期、恢复期血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平,采用溴甲酚绿法测定其血清清蛋白,免疫比浊法测定其CSF清蛋白。采用相同方法检测非神经系统疾病患儿(对照组,n=15)血清和脑脊液中MMP-2、MMP-9水平及清蛋白水平。结果PM组急性期AQ明显高于恢复期和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.001)。PM组急性期血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平显著高于恢复期和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.001);PM组恢复期血清和CSF中MMP-2、MMP-9水平与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(Pa>0.05)。PM组急性期、恢复期,血清MMP-2水平与CSF中MMP-2水平均无相关性(r=0.334、0.042,Pa>0.05);PM组急性期、恢复期,血清MMP-9水平与CSF中MMP-9水平呈正相关(r=0...     

无菌性脑膜炎患儿病原检测及脑脊液β_2-微球蛋白变化的意义

目的 研究无菌性脑膜炎(AM)患儿病原及脑脊液β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)对AM的诊断价值.方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)或反转录PCR(RT-PCR)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、被动凝集法分别检测80例AM患儿(AM组)和20例完全缓解期白血病患儿(对照组)脑脊液肠道病毒(EV)RNA、单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)DNA及血和脑脊液HSV-1 IgM、抗肺炎支原体(MP)抗体,根据相应的诊断标准将AM患儿分为EV脑膜炎组、HSV-1脑膜炎组及MP脑膜炎组,采用放射免疫分析法检测各组患儿脑脊液β2-MG水平.应用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 本组AM患儿中EV、HSV-1、MP感染率分别为52.5%、11.25%和5.0%,EV感染率最高;PCR敏感性高于ELISA,对于血性脑脊液中的HSV-1 DNA,PCR检测可呈假阴性;AM患儿脑脊液β2-MG水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);而EV脑膜炎组患儿脑脊液β2-MG水平低于HSV-1脑膜炎组(P＜0.01);EV脑膜炎组心肌损害的发生率高于非EV脑膜炎组(P＜0.05).结论 EV是本地区小儿AM的主要病原,脑脊液β2-MG检测对AM有一定的辅助诊断价值.     

Elevation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Sialic Acid Concentration in Children with Central Nervous System Leukemia

ABSTRACT. We studied sialic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 52 children with leukemia and 51 children with non-leukemic diseases. The CSF sialic acid concentration in the children with central nervous system (CNS) leukemia was significantly higher than that in the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia without CNS involvement, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia without CNS involvement, non-hemopoietic diseases, non-suppurative meningitis, epilepsy, and other neurologic diseases. Serial determinations revealed a rapid decline in the CSF sialic acid concentrations in the patients with CNS leukemia who responded well to the therapy and who were free from relapse of CNS leukemia. The simultaneously determined CSF β2 microglobulin concentration did not show any significant changes. These results suggest that the CSF sialic acid may be a good indicator of CNS leukemia.     

脑脊液中找肿瘤细胞在视网膜母细胞瘤中的应用价值

目的探讨脑脊液中找肿瘤细胞对判断视网膜母细胞瘤(RB)转移及预后的价值。方法选取本院2006年11月-2008年7月临床确诊为RB的患儿256例。男154例,女102例;单眼患儿171例,双眼患儿85例。治疗前常规行腰椎穿刺,并在脑脊液中找肿瘤细胞,观察有无肿瘤细胞及其与预后的关系。对脑脊液中发现肿瘤细胞的患儿予6~9个周期的化疗和8~10次鞘内注射,化疗方案采用CTV(卡铂、替尼泊苷和长春新碱)方案,鞘内注射药物为阿糖胞苷、甲氨蝶呤和地塞米松。随访时间8~23个月,平均14.6个月。结果256例患儿中8例脑脊液中发现肿瘤细胞,其中1例脑膜弥散浸润性转移,死亡;1例发生颅内转移,进一步行大剂量化疗+自体外周血造血干细胞移植,目前病情稳定;余6例随访期间行眼球摘除,病理证实4例侵犯视神经,占67%(4/6例),其中2例累及视神经断端;6例均未发现其他转移证据。结论RB常见的途径是沿视神经向颅内转移;脑脊液检查找肿瘤细胞对于早期判断颅内转移、早期治疗及预后有重要意义。     

激活素A在细菌性脑膜炎新生儿脑脊液中的变化及其对预后评估的价值

目的研究新生儿细菌性脑膜炎(BM)脑脊液(CSF)中激活素A(ACT A)水平的变化及其对预后判断的意义。方法对2010年3月-2011年6月在本院新生儿病房住院的48例确诊BM患儿,进行3～18个月的随访及回顾性分析,分为有并发症和后遗症组(A组)和无并发症和后遗症组(B组)。另收集同期住院的非颅内疾病患儿作为对照组(C组)。应用ELISA法动态监测3组患儿CSF中ACT A水平。结果 A组患儿急性期CSF中ACT A水平为(544.39±149.62)ng·L-1,B组CSF中ACT A水平为(480.82±128.24)ng·L-1,二组间差异无统计学意义,但2组均高于C组[(181.06±45.20)ng·L-1](Pa<0.01)。治疗1周,A组CSF中ACT A水平为(315.84±86.35)ng·L-1、B组为(338.25±99.43)ng·L-1,2组较治疗前显著下降(Pa<0.05),但2组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.432)。治疗2周,A组CSF中ACT A水平为(188.19±43.38)ng·L-1,B组为(203.86±50.73)ng·L-1,2组差异无统计学意义(P=0.281)。治疗3周,A组CSF中ACT A水平为(107.65±17.65)ng·L-1,B组为(169.36±28.90)ng·L-1,A组明显低于B组(P=0.000)。治疗4周,A组CSF中ACT A水平为(98.54±28.54)ng·L-1,B组为(181.84±35.01)ng·L-1,A组显著低于B组(P=0.000)。结论 ACT A参与新生儿BM的发病过程,动态检测CSF中ACT A水平,对评估新生儿BM的预后,可能具有重要价值。     

Cerebrospinal Fluid C-Reactive Protein in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis

ABSTRACT. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 112 cases of suspected meningitis were tested for the presence of C-reactive protein (CRP), using a qualitative and quantitative slide test. Bacterial meningitis was confirmed in 34 patients, based on CSF and blood culture results, and/or elevated CSF white blood cell (WBC) count and typical biochemical profile. There were 8 patients with early onset, and 3 who had received prior antimicrobial therapy among the 5 neonates, 23 children, and 6 adults with bacterial meningitis. Organisms recovered from CSF, and/or blood, included Haemohilus influenzae 14, Streptococcus pneumoniae 9, Streptococcus group B 5, Staphylococcus aureus 2, E. coli 2 and Klebsiella penumoniae 1. Slide test was positive for CRP in 33 cases, giving a sensitivity of 97 % which compared favourably with elevated CSF protein 33 %, decreased CFS glucose 64.7 % CSF glucose/blood glucose 相似文献   

细菌性脑膜炎的病原体及抗生素敏感性分析

目的　回顾分析我院 1 997～ 2 0 0 3年儿童细菌性脑膜炎 (菌脑 )的病原体及其抗生素敏感性。方法　分析符合菌脑临床诊断患儿脑脊液或血培养分离菌及其药敏试验结果。结果　菌脑 40 1例患儿中 97例细菌培养阳性 ,诊断阳性率 2 4 % ,最常见病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌 (2 8% ) ,其次是肺炎链球菌 (1 9% )与大肠杆菌 (1 3 % ) ,并出现条件致病菌如微球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对青霉素不敏感 ,其中 1株对万古霉素与替考拉宁耐药 ;大肠杆菌、肠杆菌和假单胞菌均有对泰能的耐药株。结论　金黄色葡萄球菌是菌脑主要病原菌 ,临床用药须考虑当地的病原菌及其耐药问题。     

脑干听觉诱发电位对结核性脑膜炎的预后评估价值

目的 探讨脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)对儿童结核性脑膜炎(TBM)预后的评估价值.方法 对2007年1月-2010年 8月本科初治的48例TBM患儿进行BAEP检测.男28例,女20例;年龄1～13岁.测量Ⅰ、Ⅲ 、Ⅴ波潜伏期和波幅,Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波峰间期.BAEP结果分级采用Hall分级标准.TBM患儿入院当天行改良Glasgow评分.出院后随访3个月,比较不同 BAEP 级别TBM患儿的预后不良率;比较BAEP和Glasgow评分对TBM患儿预后评估的价值.结果 BAEP 1级18例中预后不良 1例,2级22例中预后不良6例,3级6例中预后不良4例,4级2例均预后不良;BAEP中1级、2级、3级和4级的预后不良率分别为5.6%、27.3%、66.7%和100.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).BAEP分级与不良预后发生率呈正相关(r=0.56,P<0.05).BAEP 对TBM患儿的预后评估:真阴性38例,假阴性2例,真阳性7例,假阳性1例;Glasgow评分对TBM患儿的预后评估:真阴性31例,假阴性5例,真阳性4例,假阳性8例;BAEP对TBM患儿预后评估的敏感性、特异性、准确率和错误率分别为77.8%、97.4%、93.6%和6.3%;Glasgow评分对TBM患儿预后评估的敏感性、特异性、准确率和错误率分别为44.4%、79.5%、72.9%和 27.1%,2种评估方法比较差异有统计学意义(Pa<0.05,0.01).结论 BAEP可反映TBM患儿的脑损伤程度,有助于评估预后;BAEP对TBM患儿的预后评估价值优于Glasgow评分.     

脑脊液细胞学检查在中枢神经系统白血病中的应用

目的探讨脑脊液(CSF)细胞学检查在中枢神经系统白血病(CNSL)中的诊断价值。方法采用细胞离心涂片机收集CSF细胞,经染色镜检进行CSF细胞学检查。结果在59例白血病患儿438次CSF细胞学检查中,发现病例和标本阳性率分别为15.3%(9/59)和8.7%(38/438)。结论CSF细胞学检查对CNSL的早期诊断和疗效观察及复发判断有重要价值。     

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Methotrexate Levels Following High-Dose Regimen Given as a 3-Hour Intravenous Infusion in Children with Nonhodgkin's Lymphoma

In the French non Hodgkin's lymphoma protocols, central nervous system prophylaxis is provided by high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), given as a 3-hour IV infusion of 3 g/m² MTX along with intrathecal MTX injection. The incidence of CNS relapse is less than 3%. We designed a study to evaluate the MTX transfer across the blood brain barrier in terms of cytotoxic concentrations, during these short-term infusions. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma MTX levels were measured during 61 courses in 29 children with non Hodgkin's lymphoma; none of them had central nervous system disease. Samples were obtained either 4, 12, 18, or 24 hours after the start of HD-MTX IV infusion. A potentially cytotoxic MTX level (10^-6 M) was reached in all courses at 4 hours (median: 2.3 × 10^-6 M) and remained available in 8/16 courses at 12 hours (median: 1.0 × 10^-6 M) and in only 2/17 courses at 18 hours (median: 0.29 × 10^-6 M). Twenty-four hours after the start of HD-MTX IV infusion, CSF MTX level was always less than 10^-6 M. The plasma MTX levels were 260, 1.3, 1.0, and 1.7 × 10^-6 M at 4, 12, 18, and 24 hours, respectively. There was no correlation between plasma and CSF MTX levels. These data show that potentially cytotoxic MTX concentrations can be reached in CSF after a 3-hour IV infusion of 3 g/m² in every patient and remain available for at least 8 hours in half of them.