腹腔镜下根治性肾切除并肾静脉及腔静脉取栓术

目的 探讨腹腔镜下根治性肾切除并肾静脉及腔静脉取栓术的可行性. 方法 右肾占位病变患者2例.增强CT显示1例肿物部分延伸至肾静脉及腔静脉内,1例右肾静脉内可见充盈缺损并突入腔静脉内.均在全麻下行经后腹腔镜下根治性右肾切除及肾静脉、腔静脉取栓术.术中放置4个穿刺套管针,切断肾动脉后游离腔静脉及肾静脉,腔镜血管阻断钳部分阻断腔静脉,切开腔静脉取出瘤栓,缝合腔静脉,完整切除肾脏及瘤栓. 结果 2例患者的腔静脉瘤栓长度分别为0.3和1.0 cm,均安全取出,术后恢复良好,5 d出院.病理诊断分别为上皮样肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤和肾透明细胞癌1～2级.术后随访5个月未见肿瘤复发和转移. 结论 对选择性肾肿瘤并肾静脉及腔静脉瘤栓患者行腹腔镜下根治性肾切除并肾静脉及腔静脉取栓术安全可行.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并肾静脉及下腔静脉瘤栓一例报告

患者,男, 48岁。因右肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(RH)并肾静脉及下腔静脉瘤栓术后 1个月入院。CT发现右肾占位约 10. 0cm×8. 0cm×8. 0cm,无血尿、无腰痛。在外院行右肾切除术,术中见右肾静脉及下腔静脉内瘤栓形成,未处理下腔静脉内瘤栓。右肾及肾静脉内瘤栓病理诊断均为RH。术后彩超及MRI均提示右肾静脉平面至第二肝门平面下腔静脉内占位性病变,腔静脉造影提示上述病变范围有充盈缺损。查体未见异常,肝肾功能正常。于 2004年 5月 20日在全麻下行下腔静脉探查术。术中见下腔静脉与周围组织粘连严重,游离并于右肾静脉残迹以下及第二肝门平面…     

肾盂癌合并肾静脉及下腔静脉瘤栓一例报告

患者,男,69岁.因全身多发性皮疹3个月,发现右肾占位5 d于2007年3月21日入院.间歇出现无痛性肉眼血尿2次.既往有高血压病史20年.查体:全身皮肤多发皮疹,约针尖大小,发红,稍隆起,压之褪色,轻度瘙痒.腹部无包块,双肾未触及,双肾区无叩击痛.实验室检查:血常规(一);尿常规隐血(+);抗核抗体(+);肌酸激酶553U/L(正常值24～195 U/L).B超检查示右肾中部低回声占位病变;CT示右肾中部占位,约4.8 cm×3.7 cm,右肾静脉及下腔静脉瘤栓,达肾静脉上方约1.5 cm;胸部X线片(一).诊断:右肾癌伴肾静脉、下腔静脉瘤栓.全麻下行右肾癌根治性切除加瘤栓取出术.     

下腔静脉癌栓取出术中并发肺栓塞1例

患者,男性,50岁,57.5 kg,因血尿、尿痛1月余入院.ASA Ⅰ级.腹部超声和CT示:右肾约6 cm×7 cm×5 cm实性占位病变,右肾静脉及肝下下腔静脉局部节段癌栓部分充填(长约6.5 cm).初步诊断:右肾癌伴右肾静脉和下腔静脉癌栓形成.拟行右肾癌根治术和腔静脉癌栓取出术.     

球囊辅助下治疗肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并下腔静脉瘤栓一例报告并文献复习

目的报道球囊辅助下治疗肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓1例,结合文献复习加深对此病的认识。方法20岁女性患者,术前影像学检查提示右肾巨大肿瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓,在球囊辅助阻断下行右肾切除及下腔静脉取栓术。结果病理报告为右肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,伴下腔静脉瘤栓,长6．5cm,术后随访1年未见复发。结论球囊辅助阻断下腔静脉可用于治疗肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓。     

后腹腔镜肾根治性切除、开放腔静脉取栓术治疗巨大肾错构瘤合并下腔静脉瘤栓（附1例报告并文献复习）

目的：报告1例巨大肾错构瘤合并腔静脉瘤栓患者的诊治经过,探讨其治疗选择．为罕见病例的治疗提供借鉴和指导。方法：汇总分析1例巨大肾错构瘤合并腔静脉瘤栓患者的临床资料及诊治经过,查阅文献进行分析讨论。结果：结合病史、体检及辅助检查结果,考虑该患者肾错构瘤合并腔静脉瘤栓诊断明确,行后腹腔镜左肾根治性切除、开放腔静脉瘤栓取出术,术后患者恢复良好出院,病理证实为左肾错构瘤,瘤栓为脂肪成分。结论：肾错构瘤合并肾静脉、腔静脉瘤栓为泌尿外科罕见病例,对瘤体巨大的特殊病例,后腹腔镜肾根治性切除、开放瘤栓取出术是可选术式。在确保手术安全的前提下,能最大程度减少创伤,改善疾病预后及患者生活质量。     

肾原发性低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤一例报告

患者,女,37岁.因体检发现右肾占位于2012年5月21日入院.患者体检B超发现右上腹实质占位病变,CT检查于肾中部见一肿块,大小8 cm×7 cm,不规则强化,部分区域见囊性变(图1A),考虑肾癌可能性大.全麻下行后腹腔镜下右肾根治性切除术.术中见肿瘤位于右肾中部腹侧,实性,表面被膜完整,下腔静脉旁未见明显肿大淋巴结,完整切除右肾、肾上腺及肾周脂肪,手术顺利.术后随访7个月,患者无瘤生存.     

腔静脉滤器辅助治疗肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并下腔静脉瘤栓（附2例报告并文献复习）

目的：良性的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（angiomyolipoma．AML）很少呈现侵犯肾静脉,下腔静脉和心房。报道2例良性肾脏AML并下腔静脉瘤栓,探讨AML的恶性特征及治疗方法。方法：两侧患者均行介入下腔静脉滤器置入,并右肾根治性切除和腔静脉瘤栓取出术。结果：术后病理证实为血管平滑肌脂肪瘤。患者术后无不适症状,术后复诊未见肿瘤复发转移。结论：良性的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤可侵犯肾静脉及下腔静脉,呈现恶性肿瘤特征。鉴于肿瘤栓子进入心脏和肺的风险,应及时手术处理肾AML及下腔静脉栓子。     

下腔静脉癌栓取出术中并发肺栓塞1例

患者,男性,50岁,57.5 kg,因血尿、尿痛1月余入院.ASA Ⅰ级.腹部超声和CT示:右肾约6 cm×7 cm×5 cm实性占位病变,右肾静脉及肝下下腔静脉局部节段癌栓部分充填(长约6.5 cm).初步诊断:右肾癌伴右肾静脉和下腔静脉癌栓形成.拟行右肾癌根治术和腔静脉癌栓取出术.     

下腔静脉癌栓取出术中并发肺栓塞1例

患者,男性,50岁,57.5 kg,因血尿、尿痛1月余入院.ASA Ⅰ级.腹部超声和CT示:右肾约6 cm×7 cm×5 cm实性占位病变,右肾静脉及肝下下腔静脉局部节段癌栓部分充填(长约6.5 cm).初步诊断:右肾癌伴右肾静脉和下腔静脉癌栓形成.拟行右肾癌根治术和腔静脉癌栓取出术.     

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with level II vena caval thrombectomy: survival porcine study

PURPOSE: Inferior vena caval tumor thrombus due to renal cell carcinoma generally precludes laparoscopic techniques for radical nephrectomy. We developed the technique of laparoscopic infrahepatic (level II) inferior vena caval thrombectomy in a survival porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 7 female pigs used in the study 2 were acute and 5 were chronic animals which were allowed to survive for 6 weeks postoperatively. Laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy and inferior vena caval thrombectomy were performed in accordance with established open surgical principles, including vascular control and intracorporeal reconstruction of the vena cava and left renal vein. RESULTS: Complete removal of the simulated caval thrombus was successful in each case without intraoperative or postoperative complications. Average operative time was 160 minutes. Postoperatively inferior venacavography showed a patent vena cava and left renal vein in all animals. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was successful in an animal model simulating renal cell carcinoma with infrahepatic vena caval tumor thrombus. Clinical application of this technique appears possible.     

Rapidly growing renal angiomyolipoma during pregnancy with tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava: a case report

A case of renal angiomyolipoma rapidly growing during pregnancy with tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava is reported. Angiomyolipoma in a 31-year-old woman was incidentally found by ultrasonography. CT scan revealed a fat-containing tumor in the right kidney with 4 cm in diameter. The patient was followed at outpatient clinic without any treatment. Fifteen months later, the post-delivery follow-up CT scan showed that tumor size had grown up to 11 cm in diameter. Although laparoscopic right nephrectomy was tried, open transperitoneal right nephrectomy was performed because the tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava was found during the laparoscopic procedure. Pathological diagnosis was angiomyolipoma of the kidney. There are several reports that indicate angiomyolipoma grows rapidly during pregnancy. Our case demonstrates that careful follow-up is required for angiomyolipoma in women with possible conception and delivery.     

Renal angiomyolipoma with a tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium--a case report]

We present a case of spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma with a tumor thrombus extending from the right renal vein and inferior vena cava to the right atrium. A 41-year-old woman, previously in good health, was referred to our hospital with right flank pain. Computed tomography showed fat densities in both tumor and thrombus. Other imaging examinations also demonstrated a large right renal mass (18 cm in diameter), a long tumor thrombus (13 cm in length) and a small left renal tumor (1.5 cm in diameter). Right nephrectomy and en-bloc removal of the intra caval and intracardiac tumor thrombus were performed on cardiopulmonary bypass. It was pathologically diagnosed as an angiomyolipoma without tuberous sclerosis. At present, three years after surgery the patient is doing well, showing neither metastasis nor increase of the left renal angiomyolipoma. To our knowledge, our case seems to be the 3rd case report of renal angiomyolipoma with a tumor thrombus extending to the right atrium. We conclude that renal angiomyolipoma even with an intra cardiac tumor thrombus can be resected safely and successfully.     

Hand assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena caval thrombus

PURPOSE: To our knowledge we present the initial clinical report of hand assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 76-year-old man was referred to our medical center with a 12.5 x 10 cm. stage T3b right renal tumor extending into the inferior vena cava. The caval thrombus was limited and completely below the level of the hepatic veins. After preoperative renal embolization via the hand assisted transperitoneal approach the right kidney was completely dissected with the renal hilum. Proximal and distal control of the inferior vena cava was obtained with vessel loops and a single lumbar vein was divided between clips. An endoscopic Satinsky vascular clamp was placed on the inferior vena cava just beyond its juncture with the right renal vein, thereby, encompassing the caval thrombus. The inferior vena cava was opened above the Satinsky clamp and a cuff of the inferior vena cava was removed contiguous with the renal vein. The inferior vena cava was repaired with continuous 4-zero vascular polypropylene suture and the Satinsky clamp was then removed. A literature search failed to reveal any similar reports of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for stage T3b renal cell cancer. RESULTS: Surgery was completed without complication with an estimated 500 cc blood loss. Pathological testing confirmed stage T3b grade 3 renal adenocarcinoma with negative inferior vena caval and soft tissue margins. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of vascular laparoscopic instrumentation and the hand assisted approach enabled us to extend the indications for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy to patients with minimal inferior venal caval involvement.     

Renal pelvic cancer with tumor thrombus in the vena cava inferior: a case report

We report a case of right renal pelvic cancer with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava. A 65-year-old man with right flank abdominal pain and high fever was reffered to our hospital. Computed tomography showed right renal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed tumor thrombus extending into the renal vein and the inferior vena cava. Preoperative diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma with vena caval thrombus. Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy and lymphodenectomy was performed. Pathologic evaluation revealed transitional cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus into the vena cava. One course of M-VAC chemotherapy was added and he has been alive for 56 months without recurrence. A literature review of 15 cases of renal pelvic cancer with tumor thrombus in the vena cava in Japan revealed that 7 cases were diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma preoperatively.     

恶性倾向肾巨大血管平滑肌脂肪瘤伴下腔静脉瘤栓1例报告并文献复习

目的：报告1例巨大肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并腔静脉瘤栓病例。通过文献复习,探讨恶性倾向肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（renalangiomyolipoma,AML）的诊断与治疗。方法：报道和分析1例巨大AML伴下腔静脉瘤栓的病例资料,并通过查阅文献,分析和探讨具有恶性倾向的AML的临床表现、临床与病理学特性、诊断与鉴别诊断及外科治疗。结果：患者以双下肢肿胀就诊并行CT及MRI检查,提示AML伴肝后下腔静脉瘤栓（MayoIII）形成。行根治性肾切除和腔静脉瘤栓取出术,术后恢复良好。组织病理学证实为AML及静脉内肿瘤栓子。结论：散发的或结节性硬化症（tuberous sclerosis complex,TSC）相关的AML通常为间叶组织来源的良性肿瘤。罕见的,当瘤体侵犯肾静脉或下腔静脉并形成瘤栓时具有侵袭性。这种恶性潜能被认为是上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（EAMLs）的生物学特性,手术切除肿瘤并取出瘤栓是可能治疗这类AML的惟一有效方法。 我们的研究强调了严密的术前评估、精细的术中操作、审慎的组织病理学检查及密切的术后随访,以求获得更好的预后。     

腹腔镜下微创手术治疗肾癌合并高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓

目的探讨腹腔镜下微创手术治疗肾癌合并高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓的临床经验和文献分析。 方法女性患者,61岁,临床诊断：右肾癌合并高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓。术前全面评估手术风险,组织多学科会诊为患者制定详尽的围手术期治疗与护理方案,拟行腹腔镜下右侧肾癌根治性切除+高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓取出+腹膜后淋巴结清扫术。术后医护密切配合严密观察患者病情变化,进行围手术期观察处理与护理。 结果手术顺利完成,手术时间390 min,无中转开放手术。术中完全游离右侧和左侧肾静脉、肝后下腔静脉直达第二肝门水平远端,近右肾静脉处下腔静脉内侧壁剪开静脉壁,癌栓下部小灶性侵犯静脉壁,切除部分腔静脉壁完整取出癌栓,恢复左侧肾静脉、腔静脉血流回流无障碍。术后病理提示符合透明细胞癌,癌组织侵犯肾窦脂肪,腹膜后淋巴结（-）。术后随访6个月未见肿瘤复发。 结论腹腔镜下微创手术治疗肾癌合并高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓安全可行,多学科协助模式为疑难复杂病例提供了一种新的选择,值得临床进一步推广。