64层螺旋CT在肺动脉成像中使用小剂量对比剂的可行性研究

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT肺动脉CTA对比剂用量最佳值.方法 收集了肺动脉多层螺旋CTA 86例患者资料分两组,试验组对比剂用量25 ml,对照组对比剂用量80 ml,其余扫描条件均相同.所得数据均进行MPR及VRT重建,并测量肺动脉主干的CT值.两组图像分别由3名CT主治医师和3名CT主管技师阅片.结果 两者在肺动脉主干及细微结构显示上均无明显差异性,影像质量均良好,试验组在控制上腔静脉污染及VRT提取方面优于对照组,所得图像完全能满足临床诊断需求.结论 在多层螺旋CT肺动脉检查中,采用高浓度、低剂量的对比剂是完全可行的.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

目的 探讨低kV设置及个体化对比剂应用在64层MSCT肺动脉成像(MSCTPA)中应用的可行性.方法 连续选取具有发生肺动脉栓塞可能的高危患者90例,按完全随机设计分为3组:(1)常规组30例,管电压120 kV,对比剂总量70ml;(2)120 kV组30例,管电压120 kV,对比剂总量根据患者体质量进行个体化设置(1.0 ml/kg);(3)100 kV组30例,管电压100 kV,对比剂总量根据患者体质量进行个体化设置(1.0 ml/kg).3组患者的对比剂均在20 s注射完毕,并以相同流率追加生理盐水20ml.对120 kV组和100 kV组CT图像的客观指标、主观图像质量评价、GT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)和有效吸收剂量(ERD)进行比较;对100 kV组和常规组的对比剂用量、对比剂注射流率、CT图像的客观指标和主观图像质量评价进行比较,以评价64层MSCT低kV设置联合个体化对比剂应用在MSCTPA中应用的可行性.使用方差分析及post hoc检验对3组数据进行统计学分析.结果 图像噪声水平:100 kV组(5.2±1.8)与120 kV组(3.4±0.7)比较增加了52.9%,纵隔窗图像主观图像质量评价差异无统计学意义(q=0.272,P=0.063);CTDIvol:100 kV组[(9.5±0,0)mGy]与120 kV组[(14,6±0,0)mGy]比较下降34,9%;ERD:100 kV组[(2,4±0.4)mSv]与120 kV组[(3.8±0.6)mSv]比较下降36.8%;肺动脉平均CT值:100 kV组[(269.2±54.7)HU]相对于120 kV组[(237.4±62.9)HU]平均增加了13.4%,与常规组比较差异无统计学意义(q=0.172,P=0.260).结论 64层MSCTPA应用低kV设置(100 kV)降低辐射剂量是可行和有效的,个体化对比剂注射方案对特殊人群有一定临床价值.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT血管造影对肺动脉栓塞的临床诊断价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管造影对肺动脉栓塞的临床诊断价值。方法 30例患者行肺动脉CTA检查,并采用多平面重建（MPR）对原始数据进行后处理。结果 30例均能显示肺栓塞的部位、范围及局部管腔狭窄程度,CT表现为肺动脉内不规则斑块状、附壁样缺损,周围有或无高密度对比剂包绕。结论 64层螺旋CT血管造影是临床诊断肺动脉栓塞最有效的无创性方法之一。     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像低管电压设置结合个体化对比剂应用的对照研究

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the low tube voltage setting and personalized contrast agent application in 64-row multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography.Methods Ninety patients with high risk of pulmonary artery embolism were sequentially enrolled in the study and divided into 3 groups employing completely randomized design: (1) Regular group included 30 patients using 120 kV and fixed dose of 70 ml contrast agent, (2)Another 30 patients were in 120 kV group, using 120 kV and the contrast amount was determined according to the patient weight (1.0 ml/kg), (3) The remaining 30 patients were included in 100 kV group, using 100 kV and the contrast amount was also determined according to the patient weight(1.0 ml/kg).Administration of contrast agent was completed within 20 seconds for all the patients, followed by 20 ml of saline.The objective and subjective indexes for assessing CT image quality, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol) and effective received dose (ERD) were compared between 120 kV group and 100 kV group; then the contrast media volume, injection rate, objective CT image indexes and subjective indexes for image quality was compared between the 100 kV group and regular group.The variance analysis and post hoc test were employed for the statistical analysis.Results Compared with 120 kV group(3.4± 0.7), the image quality of 100 kV group(5.2±1.8)had higher noise(52.9%), but subjective index for the image quality demonstrated no differences(q=0.272 ,P=0.063)in mediastinum window while CTDIvol and ERD decreased for 34.9%[(9.5±0.0) vs (14.6±0.0) mGy]and 36.8%[(3.8±0.6) vs (2.4± 0.4) mSv].The mean CT values on pulmonary artery of 100 kV group[(269.2±54.7) HU]were 13.4% (31.8/237.4) higher than the 120 kV group[(237.4±62.9) HU], but there was no statistical differences eornpared to normal group(q=0.172,P=0.260).Conclusion Using low kV setting (100 kV) to reduce radiation dose is proved to be effective and feasible in 64-MSCT pulmonary angiography.Personalized contrast agent injection has clinical application value for specific patient group.     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的：评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影（64-slice CTCA）诊断冠状动脉狭窄的临床应用价值。方法：对120例临床怀疑冠状动脉疾病及支架置入术、冠脉搭桥术后的患者进行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像。采用回顾性心电门控扫描,并采用曲面重建、多平面重组,容积再现及最大密度投影技术显示冠状动脉主干及分支,其中30例患者近期行传统冠状动脉造影（CCA）。结果：120例患者可评价冠脉节段1377个,可满足诊断的冠脉节段1341个,占97．39％。30例患者近期行CCA检查,MSCTCA诊断冠脉狭窄节段103个与CCA相符,占88．03％,显示轻、中、重度狭窄及血管闭塞与CCA符合率分别为77．8％、93．3％、91．6％、77．8％,得出64SCTCA诊断冠脉狭窄敏感性97．52％,特异性96．02％,阳性预测值95．16％,阴性预测值96．01％。结论：64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在诊断冠状动脉疾病方面有很高的诊断价值,可以成为筛查、排除冠状动脉病变及支架、搭桥术后随访的常规检查方法。     

64层螺旋CT在冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT（MSCT）冠状动脉（简称冠脉）造影的临床应用价值。方法 对26例患者行64层MSCT冠脉造影检查，利用其先进的后处理功能对冠脉进行重组，以显示冠脉各主支及分支，并对冠脉病变进行诊断。对诊断冠脉不同程度狭窄的16例患者中15例行选择性血管造影检查。结果 26例行64层MSCT冠脉造影均成功地显示冠脉各主支（左冠脉主支、左冠脉回旋支、左冠脉前降支及右冠脉主支）及其分支（包括右冠脉的后降支、左室后支、圆锥支、窦房结动脉及左冠脉的对角支、钝缘支等），18例患者的56支冠脉有不同程度的硬斑块和软斑块，其中16例的38支冠脉伴有不同程度的狭窄，15例行选择性血管造影的患者显示32支冠脉有不同程度的狭窄。结论 64层MSCT是1种安全可靠的检查方法，其对冠脉疾病的诊断准确率较4～16层MSCT有明显提高。     

多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像的图像后处理技术及应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像的各种图像后处理技术对显示肺动脉的优缺点及临床应用价值。方法：采用Philips Brillance 16排螺旋CT,美国MADRAD双筒高压注射器。图像后处理分析软件包括MIP、VR、VE、VIP。分析58例行胸部CTA检查的血管重建图像,比较各种图像后处理技术对肺动脉的显示效果。结果：58例患者都能清晰显示肺动脉走形、分支及管径。各种常用图像后处理技术中,MIP既能清晰显示肺动脉的解剖学形态,又能显示其与周围组织关系;在完整显示肺动脉的解剖学形态方面,VR优于MIP,但不能显示血管腔内情况;VIP优势在于单条血管的跟踪观察;在显示肺动脉分支,尤其是细小分支时,VE能跟踪血管发现血管的分支及其走形,并了解管壁是否光滑,在这一方面优于其他后处理技术。结论：多层螺旋CT的肺动脉成像可直观地、准确地显示肺动脉及其分支、走形、形态、管径。肺动脉成像的各种后处理技术中,MIP和VR两者联合应用对解剖学形态及其与周围组织关系显示很好;VIP及VE亦有很好的辅助作用。     

64层CT肺动脉与主动脉增强扫描TDC的对比研究

目的：比较肺动脉与主动脉强化峰值和峰值时间的不同,分析肺动脉强化的特点,为优化多层螺旋Cr肺动脉成像提供理论基础。方法：50例行胸部cr增强检查的患者,以4ml／s的速率注入80ml对比剂（300mgI／m1）,行肺动脉干层面连续动态扫描,分别绘制肺动脉与胸主动脉的时间-密度曲线（TDC）并计算二者的强化峰值、峰值时间、峰值时间差以及肺动脉强化CT值大于200HU起始时间（Tb200）和持续时间（T200）。结果：同层面肺动脉的强化峰值时间明显早于胸主动脉,肺动脉的强化峰值明显高于主动脉;肺动脉与胸主动脉峰值时间差为（8．2±3．1）s;肺动脉的Tb200和T200分别为（8．8±1．6）s和（19．95±4．65）s。结论：同层面肺动脉与胸主动脉的强化峰值和峰值时间均有显著性差别,肺动脉强化较胸主动脉强化峰值高并且时间早。     

预注射双点监测法行肺动静脉CT血管成像的可行性研究

目的:评价预注射双点监测法行多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)和肺静脉成像(CTPV)的成像技术及图片质量。方法:应用MSCT对30例疑似肺动脉栓塞患者行CTPA及CTPV检查。对比剂剂量为20ml(370mg I/ml),所有患者均采用预实验时间-密度曲线法,监测平面定于支气管隆突水平。CTPA及CTPV的兴趣区(ROI)分别选在肺动脉主干及相应层面肺静脉内,分别获得肺动脉及肺静脉时间-密度曲线,以对比剂注射开始到增强峰值的时间为延迟时间。采用盲法对CTPA及CTPV图像中同级别肺动静脉CT值进行测量并进行统计学分析。结果:30例患者均同时获得肺动脉及肺静脉的时间-密度曲线。肺动脉对比剂达峰值时间为(10.2±1.8)s,肺静脉对比剂达峰值时间为(14.7±2.3)s。所有图像均能清晰显示肺动静脉1～4级血管。CTPA及CTPV图像中1～4级动静脉血管CT值差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:预注射双点监测法可同时完成CTPA及CTPV肺动静脉各级分支成像,并且达到临床诊断要求。     

64排容积CT在冠状动脉成像中的临床应用

 目的 探讨64排容积CT在冠状动脉成像的临床应用及意义.方法 56例临床诊断及可疑诊断冠心病患者包括冠脉搭桥术后2例、PTCA术后6例,采用回顾性心电门控技术行64排容积CT冠脉成像检查,在不同心电相位窗利用多种后处理技术行冠状动脉重建并分析其病变,12例诊断为冠脉中重度狭窄的患者行选择性冠状动脉造影.结果 56例中心率＜75次/min的冠脉重建相位窗多数位于心动周期R波后75%,心率＞75次/min冠脉重建相位窗多数位于心动周期R波后45%,56例成功显示冠脉各主干(左主干、左前降支、左回旋支、右冠)221支,显示率98%;直径大于2 mm的分支(后降支、左室后支、对角支、钝缘支、窦房结支、圆锥支)237支;64排容积CT诊断冠状动脉中重度狭窄患者12例行选择性冠脉造影,11例结果同64排容积CT.结论 64排容积CT下的冠脉造影成像检查是一种安全、准确、经济的检查方法,可以作为可疑冠心病及冠心病的筛选普查及术后复查的首选方法.     

64排VCT增强扫描在肺动脉栓塞中的诊断价值

目的:探讨64排容积CT(VCT)增强扫描在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的价值。方法:搜集17例经64排VCT增强扫描确诊的肺动脉栓塞患者的影像资料,所有病例均行多平面重组(MPR)、曲面重组(CPR)、三维容积成像(VRT)及最大密度投影(MIP)等后处理,对血栓的形态、部位、表现形式以及其它相关改变进行归类分析。结果:17例共累及肺动脉及其分支87处,其CT表现直接征象:中心性充盈缺损(轨道征)9处、偏心性或附壁性充盈缺损26处、完全阻塞性充盈缺损(血管截断征)13处;间接征象:肺动脉增宽7例、局限性肺纹理稀疏和肺灌注不均(马塞克征)14例、肺梗死6例、胸腔积液6例、心包积液4例。结论:64排VCT增强扫描是一种安全、快捷、有效的诊断肺栓塞的无创性检查手段,其检出率高,可作为肺栓塞的首选检查方法。     

双源CT头颈联合双能量动脉成像肺动脉干监测优化方案研究

目的 探讨肺动脉干监测方案在双源CT头颈部联合双能量CTA成像中的应用价值.方法 60例行头颈部双能量CTA的患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,A组(优化方案组,30例)监测点位于肺动脉主干、阈值150 HU、触发延迟时间为8～9s,螺距0.9,碘海醇(350 mg I/ml)60 ～65 ml;B组(常规方案组,30例)监测点位于主动脉弓、阈值100 HU、触发延迟时间为5 s,碘海醇(350 mg I/ml)60～70 ml.体质量＜75 kg的患者注射流率为4.0 ml/s,体质量≥75 kg或体质量指数(BMI) ≥27 kg/m2者注射流率采用4.5 ml/s,对比剂注射完后以相同流率追加注射40 ml生理盐水.测量2组患者两侧颈总动脉、颈内外动脉、椎基底动脉、大脑中动脉水平段、注射对比剂侧锁骨下静脉、颈静脉近中远段、直窦、上矢状窦的强化CT值.2名有经验的医师采用双能量自动去骨软件、Inspace软件和3D后处理软件,行VR、MIP、CPR成像,双盲法评价CTA图像质量,评价注射对比剂侧锁骨下静脉对比剂残留伪影、头颈部静脉回流等对动脉显影的影响.应用独立样本t检验比较2组图像的CT值、图像质量评分分值等,应用卡方检验比较2组图像对比剂残留伪影、颈根部动脉起始处缺如段数、颈静脉回流严重程度等.结果 两组动脉各段CT值为372 ～414 HU,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞ 0.05).A组左、右两侧颈静脉内近、中、远段强化CT值[分别为(95±36)、(95±36)HU,(131±58)、(133±57)HU,(174±68)、180±66) HU]明显低于B组[分别为(135±58)、(137±59)HU,(170±58)、(181±58) HU,(218±62)、(224±68) HU],两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(t值为-3.30 ～-2.54,P值均＜0.05).A组注射对比剂侧锁骨下静脉对比剂残留伪影例数(5例)及颈根部动脉起始处缺如段数(11段)少于B组(12例,24段),差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为4.02、5.65,P值均＜0.05).颈内静脉显影程度A组颈总动脉分叉以下轻微5例、严重1例,分叉以上轻微15例、严重9例;B组分叉以下显影轻微9例、严重6例,分叉以上显影轻微12例、严重17例,优化方案能显著减少颈内静脉对颈部动脉显示的干扰(x2分别为6.79、6.37,P值均＜0.05).图像质量评分A组(3.84±0.40)分高于B组(3.64±0.63)分,差异具有统计学意义(=4.26,P＜0.05).结论 肺动脉干监测结合60 ～65 ml对比剂优化双能量头颈部CTA成像方案可以显著减轻颈静脉回流和注射对比剂侧锁骨下静脉对比剂残留伪影,获得良好的图像质量,有一定的临床应用价值.     

64层CT肺动脉造影对肺栓塞诊断及治疗后复查的应用研究

目的:探讨64层CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)对肺栓塞的诊断效果及治疗后复查的价值。方法:对32例肺动脉栓塞的患者采用64层CT行CTPA检查,并进行多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影及容积重建处理。患者复查采用相同CT检查及后处理重建。结果:32例患者中15例有下肢静脉栓塞、4例有恶性肿瘤、3例有近期手术病史,2例有近期外伤史。CTPA对肺动脉主干、左右肺动脉及叶、段、亚段动脉显示良好,32例患者中显示受累肺动脉221支,其直接征象为肺动脉血管内充盈缺损,间接征象包括肺梗死实变、肺野少血征、胸腔积液等。肺栓塞治疗后复查有24例患者1月内肺动脉栓子消失或明显吸收缩小(占75%);6例患者吸收不明显(占18.7%);2例死亡。结论:64层CT能清楚地显示肺栓塞的形态、部位及其它间接征象,并能有效监测治疗效果,为临床提供有益帮助。     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在肺动脉栓塞中的诊断价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的价值。方法:回顾性分析19例临床确诊为肺动脉栓塞的64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像资料,并用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VR)等方法显示肺动脉。结果:19例患者中,其中左右肺动脉栓塞有8支,叶肺动脉栓塞27支,段及亚段肺动脉栓塞56支。偏心型41支,闭塞型38支,中央型8支,附壁环形型4支。结论:64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像可作为肺动脉栓塞诊断的首选方法。