脊柱后入路手术治疗Simmon Ⅱ型腰椎退变性侧凸

目的探讨后路手术治疗Simmon型腰椎退变性侧凸的临床疗效。方法自2008年3月至2010年2月对28例Simmon型腰椎退变性侧凸患者,采用后路椎管减压、矫形、椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎间和/或后外侧植骨融合手术治疗,术后随访3个月～2年,观察其疗效。结果全部患者手术顺利,随访时间平均11个月（3～24个月）。83%的患者疼痛明显减轻,下肢神经性间歇性跛行缓解,随访期间矫正度数无明显丢失。结论充分减压、适当矫形、融合加椎弓根螺钉内固定是治疗Simmon型腰椎退变性侧凸安全有效的方法。     

腰椎后路椎间融合(PLIF)固定矫形治疗症状性退变性腰椎侧凸

目的总结腰椎后路减压、椎间植骨融合(PLIF)手术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸的疗效及安全性。方法通过总结我科近五年治疗31例退变性脊柱侧凸患者,年龄56～77岁,平均63.7岁,其中男性14例,女性17例,随访12～24个月,平均15个月。术前评估包括详细体格检查,腰、腿痛VAS评分,ODI评分;影像学检查包括站立位腰椎正侧位片、腰椎MRI;所有患者均行腰椎后路减压,退变间隙椎间撑开、植骨、椎弓根螺钉内固定术,术后1、3、6、12个月随访,复查VAS、ODI及X线平片。结果术前腰、腿部VAS评分分别为6.5分和4.7分;ODI术前评分为57.7%;术前腰椎侧凸Cobb角平均为22.8°,腰椎生理前凸角为20.7°。末次随访腰、腿部VAS评分为3.3分和2.4分;ODI评分为30.3%;腰椎侧凸Cobb角平均为9.8°,腰椎生理前凸角为32.1°;以上差异均有统计学意义。未发生椎弓根螺钉断裂及松动,有7例相邻上位间隙进一步发生退变,但患者功能提高,未再手术;无神经瘫痪、深部感染及死亡等严重并发症。结论腰椎退变性侧凸经腰椎后路减压椎间融合矫形椎弓根螺钉内固定既可以矫正不对称性退变,又可以去除疼痛源,恢复腰椎生理前凸,具有手术相对安全、椎弓根螺钉固定牢固等优点,是提高患者功能的有效治疗方法。     

后路手术治疗腰椎退变性侧凸的临床分析

[目的]探讨手术治疗腰椎退变性侧凸的临床疗效。[方法]2008年2月~2012年6月对38例腰椎退变性侧凸患者,采用后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定、矫形加椎间和/或后外侧植骨融合手术治疗,术后随访6~24个月,观察其疗效。[结果]全部患者手术顺利,随访时间平均14个月(6~24个月)。95%的患者疼痛明显减轻,间歇性跛行缓解,随访期间矫正度数无明显丢失。[结论]椎管充分减压、适度矫正畸形、融合加椎弓根螺钉内固定是治疗腰椎退变性侧凸安全有效的方法。     

退变性腰椎侧凸症的特点与手术策略

目的 探讨退变性腰椎侧凸症的特点与手术策略.方法 采用腰椎后路减压、椎间融合加椎弓根螺钉固定矫正术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸症22例.结果 22例得到6～76个月随访,所有患者症状减轻,根据JOA下腰痛29分法评定标准:手术前平均12.9分,随访时平均27.2分.改善率平均88.2%.术后X线片复查,所有融合椎节均获得骨性融合,Cobb角从手术前平均18.6°至手术后平均10.2°.结论 退变性腰椎侧凸症的病理改变及引起临床症状的因素较为复杂.手术前需对减压、固定范围、畸形矫正与否作出明确的判断.采用后路减压、椎间融合、固定矫正术能获理想的临床效果.对于伴有张力性神经症状者,则在减压的同时予以矫正.     

后路椎管减压融合矫形椎弓根钉内固定治疗Aebi1型退变性脊柱侧凸

目的 探讨后路椎管减压融合矫形椎弓根钉内固定治疗Aebi 1型退变性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析自2007-02-2012-01收治的21例Aebi 1型退变性脊柱侧凸,采用后路椎管减压融合矫形椎弓根钉内固定手术治疗,随访19-26个月,平均22.3个月,观察JOA评分改善率、VAS评分以及侧凸Cobb角和腰椎前凸角矫正角度等指标进行疗效评价。结果 本组手术过程均顺利,随访期间观察VAS评分、JOA评分改善率、侧凸Cobb角和腰椎前凸角等指标,并在术后1、6、12、18个月分别进行评价,各项数据与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 彻底减压、合理选择融合节段、提高融合率、适度矫形重建腰椎力学平衡是成功治疗Aebi 1型退变性脊柱侧凸的关键。     

退变性腰椎侧凸的外科治疗

目的探讨退变性腰椎侧凸的特点、诊断与治疗。方法2001年7月至2004年1月手术治疗退变性脊柱侧凸患者15例,行后路彻底椎板减压、椎弓根钉棒矫形固定,椎间融合器融合12例,后外侧植骨融合3例,回顾性分析其临床特点、手术方法与效果。结果术后侧凸平均矫正率为42.8%,腰腿痛均消失,下肢麻木等症状减轻,随访6~36个月,植骨融合良好,无融合器移位,矫正度数与椎间隙高度无丢失。结论成人退变性腰椎侧凸发病年龄大,多合并腰椎管狭窄、失稳等,腰腿痛原因复杂,治疗的主要目的是彻底减压,通过矫形使脊柱重新获得稳定,椎弓根钉棒固定及椎间融合是有效的治疗方法。     

短节段减压融合治疗退变性腰椎侧凸症术后侧凸影像学发展的观察研究

目的研究短节段减压融合手术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸(DLS)后侧凸有无进展。方法2007-02-2010-02间对本院行后路短节段手术固定及保守治疗的退变性腰椎侧凸症患者进行门诊随访,并收集患者VAS、ODI评分和影像学检查资料。结果两组各43/70例患者完成平均51.3个月的随访,至末次随访时对照组VAS、ODI、Cobb角均有明显加重,且24例患者接受手术治疗;手术组Cobb角较术后初期有明显加重,但进展小于对照组。结论短节段手术治疗DLS术后能延迟侧凸的自然进展,固定节段数和是否包括顶椎区是影响术后侧凸进展的重要因素。     

后路减压联合不同融合节段固定治疗退变性脊柱侧凸疗效分析

目的比较后路减压联合短节段或长节段融合对退变性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法回顾分析随访2年以上退变性脊柱侧凸患者44例,均行后路减压椎弓根螺钉固定融合手术,根据融合范围分为短节段组和长节段组。记录2组患者术前、术后即刻、末次随访的影像学参数和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disabiliby index,ODI）评分。结果 2组平均融合节段分别为2.8和5.8个,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。术前短节段组平均侧凸Cobb角为15.9°,长节段组为23.5°;术后Cobb角矫正率分别为23%和61%,手术前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。长节段较短节段融合对冠状面失平衡和侧方滑脱改善明显,但2种手术方式对腰椎前凸及矢状面失平衡矫形效果无显著差异。长节段融合早期并发症较短节段融合高。2组患者手术前后ODI评分无明显差异。结论侧凸Cobb角较小、保持良好脊柱平衡的退变性脊柱侧凸患者可选择后路减压联合短节段融合手术,Cobb角较大或严重侧方滑脱的患者选择长节段融合可提高矫形效果,严重矢状面失衡的患者可考虑行截骨矫形手术。     

退变性症状性腰椎侧凸的手术治疗

[目的]探讨后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术式治疗退变性症状性腰椎侧凸的临床效果。[方法]1999年1月-2006年4月，采用经后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术式治疗退变性症状性腰椎侧凸37例，男21例，女16例；年龄51—82岁，平均62．6岁。所有病例拍摄腰椎正侧位片及Bending片，常规备CT和MRI。根据患者下肢症状行全椎板或半椎板减压，神经根扩大，椎间植骨融合及椎弓根螺钉间断固定。[结果]本组病例均获随访（1—6年，平均2年零7个月），术后临床症状均明显缓解，按JOA评分，手术疗效优良率91．9％，侧凸平均矫正率54．8％。随访期间无明显矫正度数及椎间隙高度丢失，术后3个月、1年复查X片内置物无松动及断裂，植骨融合时间平均11．6周。[结论]对于退变性症状性腰椎侧凸患者：（1）采取个体化治疗，年龄不是绝对手术禁忌证，病程长短不是决定手术疗效的重要指标；（2）后路椎管减压、椎弓根螺钉间断固定、椎间植骨融合、矢状位重建术是安全有效的理想术式。     

伴有侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症的外科治疗

目的总结后路一期减压、内固定、融合手术治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症患者的效果。方法自1998年1月-2005年10月,治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症患者38例,腰椎侧凸畸形角度平均31°,术前 JOA评分平均11分,均采用腰椎后路一期减压、矫形、内固定、融合治疗。结果 32例得到随访,随访时间1-4年,平均2．5年,矫正角度平均13°。矫正角度丧失1°-5°,平均3°。截骨融合率100％。随访时JOA评分平均23分,患者对手术效果满意。结论后路一期减压、内固定、融合手术是治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症的有效手段。     

Degenerative lumbar scoliosis: features and surgical treatment

Degenerative lumbar scoliosis is a de novo deformity of the spine occurring after the fourth or fifth decade of life in patients with no history of scoliosis in the growing age. We evaluated complications and functional and radiographic outcomes of twelve patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis, treated by spinal decompression associated with posterolateral and/or interbody fusion. Mean lumbar scoliosis angle was 18° (SD=4°) and mean age at surgery was 57 years (SD=6 years). Average follow–up was 3.5 years. Surgical treatment consisted in decompression of one or more roots, associated with stabilization with pedicle screws and posterolateral fusion. To correct the deformity, the collapse of the disc was corrected by implanting a cage in the anterior interbody cage. Clinical symptoms and functional tolerance for daily activities improved after surgery. Radiographic evaluation showed a reduction in the deformity on the frontal and sagittal planes. There were no infections, evidence of pseudoarthrosis, instrumentrelated failures or re–operations in this series. In patients with persisting pain caused by degenerative scoliosis associated with spinal stenosis, in whom conservative treatment has failed, spinal decompression and segmented fusion with instrumentation represents a valid treatment option.     

退变性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄的手术治疗

目的 探讨后路矫形减压后外侧植骨融合内固定治疗退变性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析本院2011年1月～2013年10月治疗的退变性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄患者资料31例。所有患者在全麻下行单纯后路松解矫形椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎管减压和后外侧植骨,测量手术前后及随访期间Cobb角,采用腰腿疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)及以MacNab标准评价疗效。结果 术后随访12～25个月,平均14.1个月。手术时间150～265 min,平均183 min,出血量300～800 mL,平均520 mL。术后2周、3个月及末次随访时腰痛和腿痛VAS 评分、ODI 及 Cobb 角均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05)。术后冠状面Cobb角矫正率(72.9±14.2)%。根据MacNab标准评定疗效,优23例,良5例,可2例,差1例,优良率90.3%。术后无内固定松动及断裂,植骨均融合;术中发生硬脊膜撕裂、切口坏死各1例。结论 后路矫形融合可有效缓解腰痛症状,恢复腰椎序列,椎管减压可有效解除神经压迫,减轻下肢神经症状。该手术方式可缩短手术时间,减少创伤及出血量,是一种较好的治疗退变性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄的手术方法。     

退行性腰椎侧弯合并腰椎管狭窄的手术治疗

目的：探讨退行性腰椎侧弯合并腰椎管狭窄的手术方法及其临床效果。方法：回顾性分析32例适应证患者经后路椎间融合器或后外侧融合结合椎弓根系统固定的治疗效果。男18例，女14例；年龄49-75岁，平均56．8岁；腰椎前凸基本来变者15例，腰椎侧弯伴有椎体半脱位和腰前凸丢失严重者17例。术后测量退变性脊柱侧弯的矫正效果、观察腰腿疼痛改善率、并发症和随访结果。结果：全部病例获得随访，时间6-49个月，平均13个月。术后平均侧弯矫正率为58．0％，疼痛改善率为（80．2±5．8）％（P〈0．05），硬脊膜囊撕裂2例，神经根损伤2例，假关节形成1例。随访期间矫正度数、椎间隙高度无丢失，融合器无移位，内固定物融合良好，植骨融合率96．9％。结论：后路椎间融合器或后外侧融合结合经椎弓根系统是治疗退变性脊柱侧弯合并腰椎管狭窄的一种安全有效的方法。手术应重视矫正腰椎侧弯畸形、改善腰椎力学平衡，以提高术后中远期临床疗效。     

退行性脊柱侧凸对MIS-TLIF治疗腰椎管狭窄症疗效影响

目的:评估退行性脊柱侧凸对微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎体间融合术(minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MIS-TLIF)治疗腰椎管狭窄症的手术难度及术后疗效的影响。方法:自2016年9月至2019年9月,采用MIS-TLIF手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症患者52例,男16例,女36例,年龄42～71(63.44±5.96)岁,病程1.5～6.5(3.69±1.10)年。52例患者均有下肢根性痛或麻木症状,其中41例患者有间歇性跛行症状。51例均为单节段狭窄,狭窄节段:L4,5节段31例,L5S1节段21例。依据是否合并退行性脊柱侧凸分为侧凸组18例(退行性脊柱侧凸合并腰椎管狭窄),狭窄组34例(单纯腰椎管狭窄)。记录围手术期相关数据和术后并发症,通过CT评估术后椎间植骨融合情况,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI)评估患者疼痛和腰椎功能改善情况。结果:51例患者均获随访,随访时间12～36(19.58±5.33)个月。手术时间、术中出血量狭窄组优于侧凸组(P0.05);两组间术后引流量、术后血红蛋白及C-反应蛋白、术后下地时间、出院时间、出院及随访时VAS评分、术后3个月及随访时ODI评分、术后并发症和椎间植骨融合率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于行MIS-TLIF手术的腰椎管狭窄症患者,退行性脊柱侧凸三维畸形,可导致手术时间延长,出血增多。但是对患者术后症状的缓解,并发症的发生和腰椎功能的恢复并无明显影响。     

Lumbar spinal stenosis: surgical considerations

Spinal stenosis is an acquired or congenital narrowing of the spinal or nerve-root canals. Surgical treatment is often effective. Acquired spinal stenosis most commonly occurs in those with degenerative disk disease and arthritic facets. If the degenerative process stabilizes and there is adequate room to accommodate the neural contents, symptomatic patients become asymptomatic. Residual stability after decompression must be assessed in patients having multilevel decompression. Fusion maybe indicated. In women with osteoporosis coexisting with degenerative scoliosis and spinal stenosis, decompression for concave nerve-root compression and fusion are necessary. Spinal fusion is not indicated in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis having unilateral decompression for lateral stenosis. Patients with central-mixed stenosis may not need fusion. Patients with spinal stenosis after laminectomies and diskectomies had better results when arthrodesis was done in conjunction with repeated decompression. Arthrodesis with instrumentation and decompression is recommended for patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.     

Minimally invasive decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis with degenerative scoliosis: Predictive factors of radiographic and clinical outcomes

There is ongoing controversy regarding the most appropriate surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with concurrent degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS): decompression alone, decompression with limited spinal fusion, or long spinal fusion for deformity correction. The coexistence of degenerative stenosis and deformity is a common scenario; Nonetheless, selecting the appropriate surgical intervention requires thorough understanding of the patients clinical symptomatology as well as radiographic parameters. Minimally invasive (MIS) decompression surgery was performed for LSS patients with DLS. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the clinical outcomes of MIS decompression surgery in LSS patients with DLS, and (2) to identify the predictive factors for both radiographic and clinical outcomes after MIS surgery. 438 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria was evidence of LSS and DLS with coronal curvature measuring greater than 10°. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, JOA recovery rate, low back pain (LBP), and radiographic features were evaluated preoperatively and at over 2 years postoperatively. Of the 438 patients, 122 were included in final analysis, with a mean follow-up of 2.4 years. The JOA recovery rate was 47.6%. LBP was significantly improved at final follow-up. Cobb angle was maintained for 2 years postoperatively (p = 0.159). Clinical outcomes in foraminal stenosis patients were significantly related to sex, preoperative high Cobb angle and progression of scoliosis (p = 0.008). In the severe scoliosis patients, the JOA recovery was 44%, and was significantly depended on progression of scoliosis (Cobb angle: preoperation 29.6°, 2-years follow-up 36.9°) and mismatch between the pelvic incidence (PI) and the lumbar lordosis (LL) (preoperative PI–LL 35.5 ± 21.2°) (p = 0.028). This study investigated clinical outcomes of MIS decompression surgery in LSS patients with DLS. The predictive risk factors of clinical outcomes were severe scoliosis, foramina stenosis, progressive scoliosis and large mismatch of PI–LL.     

椎管狭窄伴退行性腰椎侧凸的减压及非融合动态稳定术疗效分析

目的：分析减压与非融合稳定系统运用在椎管狭窄伴退行性腰椎侧凸（DLS）患者的临床疗效。方法：对2014年1月至2017年6月接受减压及Dynesys系统非融合稳定手术治疗的48例椎管狭窄伴DLS患者进行回顾性分析,其中男17例,女31例,年龄54～78（64.3±5.7）岁。通过影像学观察术后腰椎前凸、侧凸角度及活动范围（ROM）,采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）评价背部和腿部的疼痛情况,采用韩国版Oswestry残疾指数（ODI）评定临床功能。结果：48例患者施行了68个节段的减压与非融合稳定手术,均获得2年以上的随访,时间24～74（31.4±10.4）个月。手术时间100～220（183.1±31.8）min,术中出血量100～500（222.0±115.3）ml,住院天数4～9（6.5±1.9）d。术后腰椎侧凸角明显改善（P<0.05）,腰椎前凸和活动范围未受影响。末次随访背部和腿部疼痛的VAS评分分别为3.5±2.4和4.2±4.3,ODI为（36.5±5.8）%,较术前明显改善。结论：对于椎管狭窄伴轻至中度脊柱侧凸（<30°）的老年患者,先后施行减压术与非融合稳定技术是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

退行性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄症的手术治疗

目的:探讨后路有限减压、固定、融合手术治疗退行性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法:2002年6月至2009年1月,收治退行性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄症患者26例,男6例,女20例;年龄51～72岁,平均61.3岁;合并椎管狭窄症病程11个月～6年,平均36个月。所有患者术前均行X线、CT及MRI检查,6例患者行脊髓造影检查,术前Cobb角为(22.0±10.1)°,腰椎前凸角为(21.6±10.2)°,C7铅垂线(C7PL)与S1椎体后上缘距离(SVA)为(7.6±6.4)cm,C7PL与骶正中线距离(CSVL)为(6.8±5.6)cm。采用后路有限减压、固定、融合手术进行治疗,术后进行随访。术后及末次随访时测量Cobb角、腰椎前凸角、SVA、CSVL并与术前进行比较;采用腰痛JOA评分系统进行疗效评估。结果:手术时间110～185min,平均140min;出血量480～850ml,平均620ml。所有患者获得随访,时间1.3～5年,平均2.5年。患者术后及末次随访时的Cobb角分别为(10.5±8.2)°、(8.8±5.2)°,腰椎前凸角分别为(25.4±14.2)°、(31.6±13.2)°,SVA分别为(0.6±3.3)cm、(-1.2±2.5)cm,CSVL分别为(2.8±1.3)cm、(1.6±1.2)cm,较术前均有明显改善。JOA评分:术前(11.0±1.7)分,术后即刻(22.4±2.4)分,末次随访时(24.0±2.1)分,结果:优13例,良8例,可3例,差2例。术后1例患者发生矫正丢失,无椎间隙塌陷、神经损伤、钉棒断裂等并发症。结论:后路有限减压、固定、融合手术是治疗退行性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄症的有效手段。     

Functional outcome of surgical treatment for multilevel lumbar spinal stenosis

Background?There is no consensus regarding the best treatment of patients with multilevel lumbar stenosis. We evaluated the clinical and radiological findings in 41 patients with complex degenerative spinal stenosis of the lumbar spine who were treated surgically.

Methods?Between 1997 and 2003, 41 patients suffering from degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis were included in a prospective clinical study. The spinal stenosis was multilevel in all patients and in 13 of them there was degenerative scoliosis, in 18 there was degenerative spondylolisthesis, and in 10 there was segmental instability. Plain radiographs, MRI and/or CT myelograms were obtained preoperatively. The patients were assessed clinically with the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS). Surgery included wide posterior decompression and fusion using a trans-pedicular instrumentation system and bone graft.

Results?After a mean follow-up of 3.7 (1–6) years, the patients' clinical improvement on the ODI and VAS was statistically significant. Recurrent stenosis was not observed, and 39 of 41 patients were satisfied with the outcome. 3 patients with improvement initially had later surgery because of instability.

Interpretation?The above-mentioned technique gives good and long lasting clinical results, when selection of patients is done carefully and when the spinal levels that are to be decompressed are selected accurately.