p57~(kip2)和PCNA蛋白在西宁地区食管鳞癌中的表达

目的分析p57kip2和PCNA蛋白在西宁地区食管鳞癌组织中的表达,探讨其在食管鳞癌发生发展中的意义。方法选取60例食管鳞癌及其相对应的31例癌旁正常组织标本,应用免疫组化方法检测p57kip2和PCNA蛋白,并结合临床病理特点分析。结果p57kip2在食管鳞癌中的表达率为28.33%,低于癌旁正常组织的表达率(51.61%),并与食管鳞癌的分化程度、浸润深度有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PCNA在食管鳞癌中的表达率为81.67%,高于癌旁正常组织的表达率(61.29%),与食管鳞癌的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。p57KIP2与PCNA蛋白的表达呈负相关(rs=-0.611,P<0.01)。结论食管鳞癌组织中p57kip2低表达与PCNA的高表达共同参与食管癌的发生、发展。联合检测可作为预测食管鳞癌恶性程度和预后的重要指标。     

热休克蛋白70(HSP70)在食管鳞癌组织中的表达和意义

目的 探讨热休克蛋白70（HSP70）在食管鳞癌中的表达及其意义。方法 收集食管鳞癌手术切除及活检标本90例，用免疫组化方法研究其HSP70的表达情况。结果 癌组织、癌旁组织与相应正常食管黏膜组织中HSP70表达阳性率分别为87．8％（79／90）、15．0％（3／20）和13．3％（2／15），食管鳞癌组织HSP70表达阳性率明显高于癌旁组织及正常食管黏膜组织（P〈0．01），提示HSP70可能参与了食管鳞癌的发生。在不伴有淋巴结转移的食管鳞癌病例中HSP70阳性率为80％，而在淋巴结转移病人中HSP70阳性率为95．0％，差异有统计学意义（P=0．040），提示HSP70表达高低与淋巴结转移有关。结论 HSP70可能参与了食管鳞癌的发生和淋巴结转移．是否能作为判断食管鳞状细胞癌预后的指标值得进一步研究。     

WDHD1蛋白在食管鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨WDHD1蛋白在人食管鳞癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化MaxVision法检测WDHD1蛋白在食管鳞癌、食管腺癌和癌周正常食管组织中的表达.结果 WDHD1蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达（15.68±3.01）明显高于在食管腺癌和正常食管组织中的表达（4.66±2.46,3.89±2.98）,差异有统计学意义（t=11.17,21.12,P＜0.05）,WDHD1蛋白在食管腺癌组织中的表达与正常食管组织中的表达比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.WDHD1蛋白在食管鳞癌高、中分化组织中的表达高于低分化组织,在TNM分期Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期组织中的表达高于Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期、在浸润深度T3＋T4组织中的表达高于T1 ＋T2组织,在有淋巴结转移组织中的表达高于无淋巴结转移组织,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 WDHD1蛋白在食管鳞癌中高表达,与食管鳞癌分化程度、恶性程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切有关,在食管鳞癌的发生、发展过程中可能起重要作用.     

p27^kip1和cyclinE及PCNA在宫颈磷癌中的表达

目的：探讨p27^kip1、cyclinE蛋白及PCNA在宫颈鳞癌中的表达及临床意义。方法：采用免疫组化法检测140例宫颈鳞癌病例p27^kip1、cyclinE蛋白及PCNA的表达。结果：p27^kip1在宫颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率为47．14％（66／140），显著低于正常宫颈上皮的92．0％（46／50）；cyclinE蛋白在宫颈鳞癌中阳性表达率为37．14％（52／140），显著高于正常宫颈上皮的12．0％（6／50）：PCNAⅢ～Ⅳ级在宫颈鳞癌中阳性表达率37．14％（58／140），显著高于正常宫颈鳞状上皮；P27^kip1阳性，cyclinE和PCNA低表达者生存期分别较p27^kip1阴性，cyclinE和PCNA高表达者长，且与淋巴结转移呈负相关；p27^kip1与cyclinE和PCNA的表达呈负相关，cyclinE与PCNA的表达呈正相关。结论：p27^kip1低表达，cyclinE和PCNA高表达与宫颈癌的发生、发展密切相关，可作为综合判断预后的指标。     

Livin、Survivn和Ki-67蛋白在食管鳞癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨食管鳞癌组织中Livin、细胞核增殖抗原（Ki-67）和凋亡抑制蛋白Survivn的表达及其与临床病理指标和预后的关系。方法：采用微波EliVisionTM免疫组织化学法检测78例食管鳞癌组织中Livin、Ki-67和Survivn蛋白的表达情况,并与38例癌旁正常食管黏膜组织进行比较。结果：在食管鳞癌组织中Livin、Survivn和Ki-67分别表达定位于细胞浆和细胞核,其表达明显高于正常食管黏膜组织（x2=14.32;P〈0.05）。Livin、Survivin、Ki-67蛋白表达与淋巴结转移、分化程度及病理分期有关（x2=4.16;P〈0.05）;三者之间表达呈正相关（x2=13.14;P〈0.05）。结论：Livin、Ki-67蛋白和Survivin在食管鳞癌呈高表达,且与食管鳞癌的发生、发展及浸润转移有关,可作为判断食管鳞癌生物学行为和预后的重要指标。     

哈萨克族食管癌组织细胞周期蛋白D1表达及意义

目的 探讨新疆哈萨克族食管鳞癌组织中细胞周期蛋白(cyclins)D1 mRNA的表达及其临床意义.方法 以cyclin D1 mRNA为靶基因,运用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测48例哈萨克族食管鳞癌患者中cyclin D1mRNA的表达.结果 48例哈萨克族食管鳞癌患者癌组织、手术切缘无癌组织中cyclin D1mRNA表达阳性率为95.75%(45/48)和87.5%(42/48),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);cyclin D1 mRNA的表达与分化程度相关,与不同浸润深度及有无淋巴结转移均无相关性.结论 cyclin D1 mRNA表达与哈萨克族食管癌的发生、发展、远处转移和细胞分化程度均无密切相关性,其对哈萨克族食管癌发生发展过程中的具体作用有待于进一步研究.     

女性非小细胞肺癌中细胞周期素D1和E的表达

目的 探讨细胞周期素D1（cyclin D1）和细胞周期索E（cyclin E）在女性非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义。方法 采用免疫印迹方法检测cyelin D1和cyclin E在女性非小细胞肺癌组织（66例）和癌旁正常组织（66例）中的阳性表达率。结果 女性非小细胞肺癌组织中cyclin D1和cyclin E的阳性表达率分别为45．5％（30／66），59．1％（39／66），显著高于癌旁正常组织。低分化癌、肿瘤直径〉3cm组cyclin D1的表达率高于中高分化癌、肿瘤直径≤3cm组cyclin D1的表达率，cyclin E阳性表达率与肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤大小无关。淋巴结转移阳性组cyclin D1和cyclin E阳性率均高于淋巴结转移阴性组。cyclin D1和cyclin E的阳性表达率与肿瘤病理类型、临床分期的关联差异无统计学意义。cyclin D1表达阳性组的cyclin E阳性表达率高于cyclin D1表达阴性组，cyclin D1和cyclin E双阳性组淋巴结转移率明显高于非双阳性组。结论 女性非小细胞肺癌组织中存在cyclin D1和cyclin E的过表达，提示cyclin D1和cyolin E可能是肺癌的潜在预报因子。     

细胞凋亡、血管内皮生长因子与食管鳞癌淋巴结转移及预后的关系

目的探讨食管鳞癌组织中细胞凋亡、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达与临床病理及预后的关系。方法采用原位DNA末端标记（TUNEL法）、免疫组化（S-P法）及组织病理学等方法，检测61例原发性食管鳞癌组织中细胞凋亡、VEGF的表达。计算出凋亡指数（AI）并测出VEGF的平均吸光度，进行单因素和多因素COX分析。结果AI和VEGF吸光度（A）与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期有关。低分化程度组和高TNM分期组VEGF吸光度明显高于高分化程度组及低TNM分期组（P〈0．01），而其AI值明显低于高分化程度组及低TNM分期组（P〈0．01）。浸润深度超过肌层组及有淋巴结转移组VEGF明显高于浸润深度未超过肌层及无淋巴结转移组（P〈0．01），而AI与浸润深度无关（P〉0．05）。单因素分析结果显示患者生存率降低与AI、VEGF、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度和浸润深度有关。将上述指标进行多因素COX分析，结果显示AI、VEGF是独立的预后因素。结论细胞凋亡和血管形成参与了食管鳞癌的形成；VEGF与食管鳞癌的血管形成密切相关，其表达增高与食管鳞癌的浸润及淋巴结转移有关；AI、VEGF是食管鳞癌独立的预后因素。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.