赤霉素对甘肃道地党参种子萌发的影响

目的研究赤霉素（CA3）对甘肃道地党参种子萌发的影响。方法试验设7个赤霉素质量浓度（0mg／L为清水浸种）和3个浸泡时间对党参种子进行浸种,然后将其置于培养皿中发芽,统计其发芽势和发芽率并用SPPS软件作了统计学分析。结果在所有质量浓度处理下,发芽势大小依次为6h〉9h〉3h,发芽势最高为62．7％,最高的处理组合是50mg／L浸泡6h;发芽率大小却为9h〉6h〉3h,发芽率高达82．3％,最高的处理组合是10mg／L浸泡9h。发芽势和发芽率最低的组合均为100mg／L浸泡3h。结论一定时间和质量浓度的赤霉素或清水浸种有利于提高党参种子发芽率。     

不同发芽条件对阳春砂种子发芽的影响

【目的】比较不同发芽条件及赤霉素引发对阳春砂种子发芽的影响。【方法】以阳春砂种子为材料,比较光照条件、不同发芽床(基质)、不同培养温度对种子萌发的影响;以不同浓度赤霉素(GA3)处理,观察外源激素对阳春砂种子萌发的影响。【结果】(1)阳春砂种子的萌发需要光照。(2)种子在湿润滤纸上的发芽率和发芽势明显优于MS培养基。(3)25℃～30℃培养有利于种子的萌发。(4)400 mg/L的GA3引发有利于促进阳春砂种子的萌发,缩短发芽时间。【结论】适合阳春砂种子萌发的温度范围为25℃～30℃,在湿润滤纸上进行光照培养,并用400 mg/L GA3引发,有利于快速获得大量阳春砂苗。     

独活种子发芽特性研究

目的探讨独活种子的发芽率低的原因,以及适宜发芽条件,为大田生产奠定基础。方法采用去果皮、清水以及GA浸种等方法处理种子,在不同的温度和光照条件下,检测种子的发芽情况。结果清水浸种24h可提高发芽率13.7%,去果皮可提高种子发芽率10.6%;在浸种24h条件下,与暗培养相比,光照可提高发芽率16.6%;适宜发芽温度为20℃,高温对独活种子萌发具有抑制作用。结论独活种子中存在发芽抑制物质,光照可促进种子发芽。     

秦艽种子发芽特性的研究

目的研究秦艽种子的发芽特性.方法用热水浸泡,不同温度,不同浓度赤霉素处理秦艽种子,测定种子贮存条件.结果秦艽种子发芽适温为20 ℃,用500×10-6赤霉素浸种1天,发芽率可达90.1%.低温(0～4 ℃)保存可延长种子寿命,春季解冻后播种出苗整齐健壮.结论秦艽种子属于中温萌发型.     

外源试剂对滇重楼种子萌发的影响

目的探讨外源试剂对药用植物滇重楼种子萌发特性的影响,为其种子育苗提供理论依据。方法分别用不同浓度的赤霉素（GA3）、萘乙酸（NAA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）、硝酸钾（KNO3）与硼酸（H3BO3）对滇重楼种子进行浸种处理,观察种子萌发情况。结果高浓度（200、500mg/L）的赤霉素、20mg/L的吲哚乙酸与低浓度下（10、20mg/L）的硝酸钾均能显著促进种子发芽;6-苄氨基嘌呤在低浓度（10mg/L）下显著促进种子发芽,高浓度下（50、100mg/L）抑制其发芽;萘乙酸与高浓度（500mg/L）下的的硼酸显著抑制了其种子发芽。结论各试剂对滇重楼种子发芽的影响与其使用浓度关系密切。     

甘草种子播种前处理的最佳方法

目的：探究甘草种子播种前处理的最佳方法。方法：对野外采集的甘草种子进行不同方法的处理,并根据土培试验中甘草种子的发芽率筛选出种子播种前处理的最佳方法。结果：发芽情况统计结果表明：98％硫酸浸泡60min、清水浸泡2h处理的甘草种子的发芽率最高。结论：98％硫酸浸泡60min、清水浸泡2h的方法为甘草种子播种前处理的最佳方法。     

不同处理方法对穿龙薯蓣种子萌发的影响

目的 研究低温砂层积处理后不同发芽温度（10、15、20、25、30 ℃）及不同质量浓度的赤霉素（GA₃）和萘乙酸（NAA）对穿龙薯蓣种子萌发的影响。方法 采用培养皿培养法,对种子设置低温层积、不同质量浓度的GA₃和NAA浸种处理,观察记录种子发芽率和发芽势并进行统计分析。结果 穿龙薯蓣种子经4 ℃低温砂层积后,在25 ℃条件下发芽率和发芽势最高,分别为80.00%和53.33%;而采用100 mg/L GA₃直接浸泡未层积种子24 h,发芽率和发芽势可达66.65%和48.35%;1 mg/L NAA浸泡12 h发芽率和发芽势为58.35%和43.35%;采用低温砂层积发芽进程最快,种子第6天开始发芽,第12天发芽完毕。结论 采用4 ℃低温砂层积60 d后在25 ℃下进行催芽或采用100 mg/L GA₃进行催芽处理有利于穿龙薯蓣种子萌发。     

不同处理对绞股蓝种子萌发的影响

目的研究绞股蓝种子发芽特性,寻找行之有效的提高种子萌发率的方法,为大田生产奠定基础。方法对绞股蓝种子分别进行机械处理、超声处理以及不同植物生长调节剂浸泡等处理,计算发芽率。结果超声处理、揉搓、剥除种皮以及3种植物生长物质处理均可以显著提高绞股蓝种子发芽率。0.1mg/L6-BA浸泡1h效果最好,其次为超声处理10min时、剥除种皮、揉搓,处理种子萌发率分别为69%、54.6%、38.5%、35.3%。结论实际操作中揉搓和剥除种皮两种方法操作性不强,0.1mg/L6-BA浸种处理对幼苗生长有负面影响,而超声处理简单易行,可作为大规模播种前处理应用于大田生产。     

几种药剂对椭圆叶花锚种子发芽力的影响

目的研究几种药剂对椭圆叶花锚种子的发芽力的影响。方法用不同浓度的青霉素、KCN、KNO3、PEG-6000、IAA、GA3、6-BA溶液对椭圆叶花锚浸种。结果青霉素的5、20、40mg／L，KCN的5、20mg／L，5％的PEG-6000，20mg／L GA3和6-BA的25、75mg／L可极显著提高椭圆叶花锚种子平均发芽率、平均发芽势，其中以6-BA以25mg／L处理效果最好，可使其种子发芽率、发芽势分别提高46．0％、39．67％；IAA溶液和KNO3对椭圆叶花锚种子的萌发无明显效果；而15％、25％的PEG-6000、80mg／L IAA、160mg／L GA3、100mg／L 6-BA则明显抑制种子萌发。用5mg／L青霉素、25mg／L 6-BA分别处理椭圆叶花锚种子后进行的室内土壤播种，对种子的萌发无明显影响。结论不同药剂及同一药剂的不同浓度对椭圆叶花锚种子发芽力的影响不同。     

大别山区桔梗种子萌发及储藏条件的研究

目的研究桔梗种子的最适发芽条件及储藏条件。方法利用不同光照时长、不同发芽温度、不同试剂的浓度梯度、不同发芽床、不同储存温度等处理,对桔梗种子进行发芽试验,测定其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数。结果在25℃、12h光照条件下桔梗种子发芽率最高,为90.83%;赤霉素能显著促进桔梗种子萌发,200mg/L为最佳浸种浓度,高浓度的高锰酸钾、聚乙二醇均不同程度的抑制桔梗种子的萌发,细胞分裂素起显著的抑制作用;不同发芽床对桔梗种子萌发影响显著;-20℃储存桔梗种子的发芽率最高,为94.44%。结论桔梗种子的最佳发芽条件为25℃、12h光照条件下用滤纸培养;最佳试剂为200mg/L的赤霉素;最适储存温度为-20℃。     

不同剂量米非司酮联合甲氨蝶呤治疗异位妊娠疗效观察

目的：观察不同剂量米非司酮联合甲氨蝶呤（Methotrexate,MTX）治疗异位妊娠疗效。方法：将90例血β-HCG值在500～3 000 IU/L未破裂输卵管妊娠患者随机分为三组,每组30例。Ⅰ组给予米非司酮50 mg,每日一次,空腹顿服,服后2 h进食,共3 d,Ⅱ组给予米非司酮100 mg（4片）,每日一次,空腹顿服,服后2 h进食共3 d;Ⅲ组给予米非司酮200 mg（8片）,每日一次,空腹顿服,服后2 h进食,共3 d,三组均在第3天予MTX 1 mg/kg单次臀肌注射。结果：随着米非司酮剂量的增加,治疗的成功率明显增高。结论：在联合治疗异位妊娠时,加大米非司酮剂量,可取得满意效果。     

Use of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in experimental human influenza: randomized controlled trials for prevention and treatment.

CONTEXT: Influenza virus neuraminidase is thought to be essential for virus replication in humans; however, to date, available neuraminidase inhibitors are limited to zanamivir, which is topically administered. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety, tolerability, and antiviral activity of oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir (GS4104/Ro64-0796) for prevention and the early treatment of influenza in experimentally infected humans. DESIGN: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials conducted between June and July 1997. SETTING: Individual hotel rooms; 2 large US university medical schools. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 117 healthy adult volunteers (aged 18-40 years; median age, 21 years) who were susceptible (hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer < or =1:8). INTERVENTIONS: All subjects were inoculated intranasally with influenza A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1) virus. For the prophylaxis study, oral oseltamivir (100 mg once daily [n = 12], 100 mg twice daily [n = 12], or matching placebo [n = 13], starting 26 hours before virus inoculation) was administered. For the treatment study, the same drug was given (20 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg twice daily, 200 mg once daily, or matching placebo [n = 16], in each group starting 28 hours after inoculation). All regimens were continued for 5 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparing placebo groups with pooled treatment groups, for prophylaxis, outcomes included frequency of infection and viral shedding; for treatment, viral shedding in titers. RESULTS: In the prophylaxis study, 8 (67%) of 12 placebo and 8 (38%) of 21 oseltamivir recipients became infected (P = .16; efficacy, 61%); 6 (50%) placebo compared with 0 oseltamivir recipients shed virus (P<.001; efficacy, 100%), and 33% of placebo but no oseltamivir recipient had infection-related respiratory illness (P<.01). Among infected subjects in the treatment study (n = 69), the viral titer area under the curve of the combined oseltamivir groups (n = 56) was lower (median [interquartile range [IQR]], 80 [23-151] vs 273 [79-306] log10 tissue culture-infective doses50 per milliliter x hour; P = .02) than the placebo group (n = 13), and the median (IQR) duration of viral shedding with therapy was reduced from 107 (83-131) to 58 (35-59) hours (P = .003). Oseltamivir treatment also reduced symptom scores (median [IQR] score-hours, 225 [97-349] vs 400 [189-645]; P = .05), and nasal proinflammatory cytokine levels. Transient mild to moderate nausea after dosing was observed in 15 (17%) of 88 oseltamivir and 2 (7%) of 29 placebo recipients (95% confidence interval for difference, -11% to 68%), which was largely prevented by ingestion with food. CONCLUSIONS: In these trials, prophylaxis and early treatment with oral oseltamivir were both associated with significant antiviral and clinical effects in experimental human influenza.     

Therapeutic time window of flurbiprofen axetil’s neuroprotective effect in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia

Background The neuroprotective effect of the cyclooxygenase （COX） inhibitor has been demonstrated in acute and chronic neurodegenerative processes. But its function under cerebral ischemic conditions is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of emulsified flurbiprofen axetil （FA, COX inhibitor） and its therapeutic time window in a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） in rats. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly assigned into six groups （n=8 in each group）; three FA groups, vehicle, sham and ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） groups. Three doses of FA （5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, intravenous infusion） were administered just after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R）. The degree of neurological outcome was measured by the neurologic deficit score （NDS） at 24, 48 and 72 hours after I/R. Mean brain infarct volume percentage （MBIVP） was determined with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining at 72 hours after I/R. In three other groups （n=8 in each group）, the selected dosage of 10 mg/kg was administrated intravenously at 6, 12 and 24 hours after I/R. Results The three different doses of FA improved NDS at 24, 48 and 72 hours after I/R and significantly reduced MBIVP. However, the degree of MBIVP in the FA 20 mg/kg group differed from that in FA 10 mg/kg group. Of interest is the finding that the neuroprotective effect conferred by 10 mg/kg of FA was also observed when treatment was delayed until 12-24 hours after ischemia reperfusion. Conclusion COX inhibitor FA is a promising therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia and its therapeutic time window could last for 12-24 hours after cerebral ischemia reperfusion, which would help in lessening the initial ischemic brain damage.     

静脉注射尼卡地平对高血压急症的疗效观察

目的 观察静注尼卡地平对高血压急症的疗效及安全性。方法 50例高血压急症患者随机分为两组,A组静脉推注尼卡地平2mg后再以2－8mg/h持续泵入;B组以2－8mg/h持续泵入。结果 两组降压显效率均为100％;A组起效和显效时间较快,分别为5min及15min,B组起效和显效时间稍慢,分别为15min及30min;两组均于1－2h血压降至理想水平。结论 静脉注射尼卡地平可迅速、显著而平稳降低高血压急症患者的血压。     

丙泊酚对SD乳鼠少突胶质细胞髓鞘碱性蛋白表达和髓鞘形成的影响

目的探讨不同剂量丙泊酚对新生SD乳鼠少突胶质细胞合成髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）和大脑髓鞘形成的影响。方法出生后 7 d（P7）SD乳鼠57只,随机分为对照组（n=13）、溶剂脂肪乳组（n=5）、25、50和100 mg/kg丙泊酚组（各组n=13）,单次腹腔注射给 药。采用qPCR和Western blot检测注药后8 h mbp mRNA、caspase-3 mRNA和MBP、Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达;免疫荧光 法检测注药后8 h少突胶质细胞凋亡以及24 h大脑胼胝体和内囊处髓鞘形成情况。结果与对照组相比,各丙泊酚组8 h mbp mRNA和MBP蛋白呈剂量依赖性下调（P<0.05）,caspase-3 mRNA和Cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白转录表达水平均呈剂量依赖性 增加（P<0.05）;同时少突胶质细胞凋亡明显增加,且50 和100 mg/kg 组较25 mg/kg 组凋亡显著增多（P<0.05）;24 h 胼胝体处 100 mg/kg丙泊酚组、内囊处50和100 mg/kg丙泊酚组髓鞘形成均明显减少（P<0.05）。结论丙泊酚可致SD乳鼠少突胶质细胞 呈剂量依赖性凋亡增加,MBP表达减少,并且不同程度的影响胼胝体和内囊处髓鞘的形成。     

利培酮与泰必利治疗小儿多发性抽动症的效果比较

目的:比较分析利培酮和泰必利治疗小儿多发性抽动症的治疗效果。方法:选取180例患者随机分成两组,各90例,两组均使用2～6 mg/d苯海索,在此基础上,观察组第1周口服利培酮0.5 mg/d,随后逐渐增加至2～3 mg/d,治疗8周;对照组口服泰必利治疗,第1周口服100 mg/d,随后逐渐增加至200～450 mg/d,治疗8周。在疗程结束后对进行耶鲁综合抽动严重程度量表进行评分,对比两组疗效和不良反应。结果:观察组总有效83例(92.22%),对照组总有效73例(81.11%),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组脱落28例,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:利培酮治疗治疗效果比泰必利更好,并且不良反应更低,是一种值得推广的治疗方法。     

大剂量环磷酰胺联合甲基泼尼龙冲击治疗过敏性紫癜性肾炎的疗效分析

目的：研究大剂量环磷酰胺联合甲基泼尼龙冲击治疗过敏性紫癜性肾炎的疗效。方法随机选择该院自2015年2月—2016年2月收治的100例过敏性紫癜性肾炎患者为样本,采用统计学方法,将患者以50例一组分为了实验组与对照组两组,实验组题目的方法展开治疗,对照组采取常规的甲基泼尼龙冲击方式进行治疗,分析两组患者的不良反应发生几率。结果实验组不良反应发生率为4%,低于对照组的18%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治前与治疗后4周尿蛋白对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)[实验组治疗前与质量后4周尿蛋白情况：(6.1±0.7)mg/d、(3.6±1.2)mg/d;对照组治疗前与质量后4周尿蛋白情况：(6.7±0.9)mg/d、(3.5±1.8)mg/d],治疗后8周与治疗后10周,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)[(实验组治疗后8周与治疗后10周尿蛋白情况：(0.7±0.1)mg/d、(0.8±0.1)mg/d;对照组治疗后8周与治疗后10周尿蛋白情况：(3.9±1.8)mg/d、(3.7±1.4)mg/d];实验组治疗总有效率为94.0%,对照组为70.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鉴于题目方法在过敏性紫癜性肾炎的疗效,有必要将这一方式大面积应用于治疗过程中。     

葛根异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨矿密度和骨强度的影响

目的：研究葛根总异黄酮（TIP）对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松症的防治作用。方法：10月龄SD大鼠,手术切除双侧卵巢后7d,每天igTIP100和20mg/kg,并设假手术组（Sham)、模型对照组（OVX）和尼理论联系实际是性组（E3）,在给药4和7个月时,测定大鼠全身骨矿总量（BMC）和骨矿密度（BMD）及骨生物力学强度等。结果（1）和OVX组相比,TIP大剂量组在给药4个月时BMC和BMD分别提高14．6％和12．1％,7个月时分离提高6．8％和14．2％;小剂量组4个月时分别提高7．8％和6．9％,7个月时分离提高8．65和14．95。（2）TIP大、小剂量组股骨相对体积质量分别提高3．8％和3．4％;胫骨相对休整质量提高6．8％和6．3％,股骨Ca盐密度均提高15％以上。（3）TIP大、小剂量组股骨最大负荷分别提高16．1％和9．1％;结构强度分别提高19．4％和12．5％,（4）TIP使大鼠子宫重量明显增加。结论TIP对去卵巢引起的大鼠骨质疏松症具有明显的防治作用,这种作用可能和它的弱雌激素样活性有关。     

Converting enzyme inhibition and kidney function in normotensive diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria

The effects of a long term reduction in blood pressure on the kidney function of normotensive diabetic patients who had persistent microalbuminuria (30-300 mg albumin/24 hours) were studied in two groups of 10 such patients before and during six months of treatment with either 20 mg enalapril or placebo daily. Treatments were assigned randomly in a double blind fashion. Before treatment both groups had similar clinical characteristics, weight, diet, total glycosylated haemoglobin, median albumin excretion rate (enalapril group 124 mg/24 h, placebo group 81 mg/24 h), and mean arterial pressure (enalapril group 100 (SD 8) mm Hg, placebo group 99 (6) mm Hg). During treatment weight, urinary urea excretion, and total glycosylated haemoglobin remained unchanged. The mean arterial pressure decreased in the enalapril group but not in the placebo group (enalapril group 90 (10) mm Hg, placebo group 98 (8) mm Hg). The median albumin excretion rate also fell in the enalapril group but not in the placebo group (enalapril group 37 mg/24 h, placebo group 183 mg/24 h.) The glomerular filtration rate rose in the enalapril group from 130 (23) ml/min/1.73 m2 to 141 (24) ml/min/1.73 m2, and total renal resistances and fractional albumin clearance decreased while fractional albumin clearance increased in the placebo group. These results show that in patients who have diabetes but not hypertension a reduction in blood pressure by inhibition of converting enzyme for six months can reduce persistent microalbuminuria, perhaps by decreasing the intraglomerular pressure.