阿托伐他汀对氯吡格雷抗血小板活性影响的研究

目的:观察阿托伐他汀对氯吡格雷抗血小板活性的影响。方法:29例急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人被随机分入阿托伐他汀组(n=10)、普伐他汀组(n=9)和对照组(n=10),每组病人均接受阿斯匹林(ASA)、氯吡格雷和低分子量肝素(LMWH)治疗。采用流式细胞仪检测血小板活化指标。结果:治疗3d后,三组血小板活化指标PAC-1和CD62P较治疗前均明显降低,P均<0.05;各组上述两个指标的下降值两两比较均无明显差异,P均>0.05。结论:经细胞色素P4503A4(CYP3A4)途径代谢的阿托伐他汀不抑制氯吡格雷的抗血小板活性。     

氯吡格雷和他汀联用对急性冠脉综合征患者临床观察

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征患者氯吡格雷和不同他汀联用在短期内对血小板聚集的影响,并观察对PCI术后心肌损伤以及临床事件的影响。方法60名ACS患者随机分为氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀(10mgqd)组(30例)以及氯吡格雷和氟伐他汀(40mgqd)组(30例),分别测定联合用药前、用药后24小时、1周血小板聚集率,PCI术后24小时测定心肌损伤标志物,观察术后1周、半年临床心血管事件。结果两组联合用药24小时、1周血小板聚集率无统计学差异(P>0.05),PCI术后心肌损伤标志物未显著升高,两组导致不良心血管事件发生无统计学差异。结论ACS患者常规用量阿托伐他汀、氟伐他汀与氯吡格雷联合应用是安全、有效的,对氯吡格雷的抗血小板作用未见影响。     

他汀类药对氯吡格雷抗血小板作用的影响

目的 前瞻性评价普伐他汀、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀对氯吡格雷抗血小板作用的影响.方法 人选连续1015例急性冠状动脉综合征或稳定性心绞痛行冠状动脉造影和(或)支架术患者,分为普伐他汀组(228例)、氟伐他汀组(179例)、阿托伐他汀组(481例)和对照组(127例).比较各组术后支架内血栓发生率、不同浓度(2、5、10、20 μmol)二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导的1 min(ADP-1)、5 min(ADP-5)和最大血小板聚集力(ADP-M)及其影响因素.结果 4组患者基础临床情况(除年龄、高血压及冠状动脉造影复查率外)和冠状动脉病变和(或)支架术情况相似,术后支架内血栓发生率(普伐他汀组0.9%、氟伐他汀组1.1%、阿托伐他汀组1.0%、对照组0.8%,P>0.05)和ADP-1、ADP-5、ADP-M与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).多因素回归分析显示,年龄(B=0.21,P=0.001)、氯吡格雷总量(B=7.30,P=0.002)及低分子肝素的使用(OR=6.71,P=0.01)是影响氯吡格雷抗血小板作用的独立决定因素.结论 普伐他汀、氟伐他汀和阿托伐他汀对氯吡格雷的抗血小板作用无明显影响,而年龄、氯吡格雷总量及低分子肝素使用是决定氯吡格雷抗血小板作用的独立因素.     

替格瑞洛对经CYP3A4途径代谢的他汀治疗急性冠脉综合征的影响

【】 目的 观察对CYP3A4酶有抑制作用的替格瑞洛联合经CYP3A4酶代谢的阿托伐他汀治疗急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者的短期内的安全性及对降脂作用的影响。方法 连续入选2016年1月至2016年6月北京安贞医院急诊科收治的ACS患者共244例,随机分为阿托伐他汀 替格瑞洛组(以下简称为替格瑞洛组)和阿托伐他汀 氯吡格雷组(以下简称为氯吡格雷组)。收集入院24小时内和院外一个月内胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)及血清肌酐(Scr)水平,同时计算LDL-C达标率。结果 替格瑞洛组在肝功能损害、肌肉毒性及肾功能损害的发生率上均高于氯吡格雷组(2.8%比0.7%,1.9%比0.7%,4.47%比3.04%),但差异均未达到统计学意义,P值均大于0.05。在LDL-C达标率上,替格瑞洛组为53.3%,明显高于氯吡格雷组的38.0% (P=0.017,P<0.05)。两组在降低CHOL、TG水平上,替格瑞洛组要略优于氯吡格雷组(18.09%比17.93%,6.23%比2.58%),但差异没有统计学意义,P>0.05。结论 在急性冠脉综合征患者治疗中,短期内替格瑞洛对经肝酶CYP3A4代谢的阿托伐他汀的安全性影响较小,整体安全性较好,且在相同剂量的阿托伐他汀治疗下,替格瑞洛联合阿托伐他汀在LDL-C达标率上更有优势。     

氯吡格雷联合阿托伐他汀用于冠心病PCI术后的临床效果研究

目的探讨氯吡格雷联合阿托伐他汀用于冠脉支架术后冠心病患者的临床效果。方法选取2015年2月到2017年2月在我院成功实施冠脉支架术的冠心病患者120例,根据随机分组的方式分为对照组和实验组,两组均有60例患者。对照组患者药物治疗使用氯吡格雷+阿司匹林,实验组患者药物治疗使用氯吡格雷+阿司匹林+阿托伐他汀。接受治疗后,比较两组的心血管事件(Major Adverse Cardial and Cerebral Events,MACCE)发生率、亚急性支架内血栓(Subacute Instent Thrombosia,SAT)发生率以及出血率。结果经过治疗后,实验组患者的心血管事件发生率以及亚急性支架内血栓发生率低于对照组患者,结果对比差异显著,具有统计学意义,P0.05。结论氯吡格雷联合阿托伐他汀用于冠脉支架术后冠心病患者可以有效降低心血管事件和亚急性支架内血栓的发生率,临床效果显著,值得在临床上推广应用。     

西洛他唑与氯吡格雷对ACS患者抗炎作用研究

目的探讨抗血小板药西洛他唑、氯吡格雷对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者斑块稳定性和炎症抑制的作用机制,以及与他汀类药物的协同作用。方法入选82例ACS患者随机分成A组(常规用药+阿托伐他汀)、B组(氯吡格雷常规用药)和C组(西洛他唑+常规用药),观察治疗3周后血脂、白细胞(WBC)计数和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-a)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平变化、临床疗效和不良反应。结果 3组在治疗后WBC计数、三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)较治疗前均下降(P<0.05),下降幅度组间比较无统计学意义;3组治疗后高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)上升(P<0.05);3组治疗后TNF-a、IL-1β和hs-CRP水平均下降(P<0.05),氯吡格雷、西洛他唑两组下降幅度均大于常规用药(P<0.05)。治疗前后TNF-a、IL-1β变化值与HDL-C变化值呈负相关(r=-0.38,P=0.04;r=-0.39,P=0.03)。结论予ACS患者阿托伐他汀联用西洛他唑或氯吡格雷较单用阿托伐他汀均可进一步降低致炎因子水平,抑制血小板活化。     

阿托伐他汀联合替格瑞洛在ACS患者急诊PCI治疗中的效果观察及安全性分析

目的探讨阿托伐他汀联合替格瑞洛在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的疗效及安全性。方法将128例ACS患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组64例。观察组采用阿托伐他汀联合替格瑞洛治疗,对照组采用阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷治疗,患者入院后均给予负荷剂量,PCI术后予维持剂量。观察两组患者PCI前后心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流分级,检测PCI术后72 h心肌损伤标志物水平、PCI术后2个月血小板聚集率(PAR)及血脂水平,随访统计两组PCI术后6个月主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的发生情况。结果观察组与对照组PCI术后TIMI血流分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);PCI术后72 h,观察组肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.255、2.366、2.188,均P 0.05);PCI术后2个月,观察组血小板聚集率(PAR)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.974、11.231、17.463、11.098,均P 0.01);PCI术后6个月观察组的MACE总发生率较对照组低(9.38%VS 12.50%),但差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀联合替格瑞洛对ACS患者PCI术后病变远端血管血运改善效果与阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷相当,且不增加MACE发生率,在减轻心肌损伤、降低血小板聚集率及控制血脂水平上更具优势。     

冠脉支架术后阿托伐他汀联用氯吡格雷两药相互作用的随访研究

目的研究在冠脉支架术后随访患者中不同剂量的阿托伐他汀与氯吡格雷长期联用产生的药物相互影响。方法105例冠心病患者,入院第2天随机服用阿托伐他汀和普伐他汀,66例行PC I术者入院当日加服氯吡格雷。共分为5组,A组23例,阿托伐他汀20 mg/d+氯吡格雷,B组20例,阿托伐他汀40 mg/d+氯吡格雷,C组23例,普伐他汀20 mg/d+氯吡格雷,D组20例,单用阿托伐他汀20 mg/d,E组19例,单用阿托伐他汀40 mg/d。分别在入院第1天及出院随访1、3月测定A、B、C组患者的血小板功能指标,并进行比较,测定各组的血脂等指标,分别比较A和D组、B和E组血脂等指标的差异。结果各组患者临床特征基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义;A、B、C组患者首次及随访1、3月测定的血小板功能指标CD62P、CD63、MPAR,组间差异无统计学意义,3组中各指标1、3月比基线均略有所下降（P<0.05）,但1月和3月比较差异无统计学意义,CD62P、CD63、MPAR互为正相关（P<0.05）;A和D组、B和E组在首次及治疗1、3月后相比较,血脂等在两对应组间差异均无统计学意义。结论冠脉支架术后40 mg/d以下的阿托伐他汀与常规剂量氯吡格雷较长时间联用,两药之间相互无明显影响,合用是安全的。     

硫酸氢氯吡格雷联合阿托伐他汀在降低行冠状动脉介入治疗患者术后不良心脏事件及再狭窄率的应用

目的研究硫酸氢氯吡格雷联合阿托伐他汀治疗在降低冠心病患者冠状动脉介入术后不良心脏事件及再狭窄率的应用。方法行冠状动脉介入冠心病患者102例,随机分为对照组、研究组各51例。对照组服用阿托伐他汀治疗,研究组采用硫酸氢氯吡格雷联合阿托伐他汀治疗。比较两组血脂、炎性因子、术后不良心脏事件及再狭窄率。结果治疗后,两组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)明显降低,且研究组较对照组更低(P0.05);治疗后,两组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)明显提升,且研究组更高(P0.05);两组肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、C反应蛋白(CRP)明显降低,研究组更低(P0.05);研究组术后不良心脏事件发生率,再狭窄发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论硫酸氢氯吡格雷联合阿托伐他汀可显效降低冠心病患者冠状动脉介入术后不良心脏事件,预防心脏再狭窄,调节血脂,降低炎症反应。     

阿托伐他汀与氯吡格雷对ACS患者氯吡格雷羧酸衍生物血浓度与血小板聚集率的影响

目的:测定急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者氯吡格雷羧酸衍生物血浓度和血小板聚集率,观察阿托伐他汀和氯吡格雷有无相互作用。方法:对照组为25例健康受试者,ACS组为66例ACS患者。均口服阿司匹林100mg/d、氯吡格雷75mg/d、阿托伐他汀20mg/d,5d后暂停阿托伐他汀,继续氯吡格雷和阿司匹林口服4d,分别于第5天、第9天采用液相色谱串联质谱法测量氯吡格雷羧酸衍生物血浓度,流式细胞仪测定血小板聚集率,比较两组差异。结果:对照组第5天和第9天氯吡格雷羧酸衍生物血浓度分别为(5.76±0.87)ng/dl和(5.67±0.88)ng/dl(P=0.351),血小板聚集率分别为(44.25±16.37)%与(47.61±16.67)%(P=0.083)。ACS组第5天和第9天氯吡格雷羧酸衍生物血浓度分别为(5.96±0.87)ng/dl和(5.86±0.97)ng/dl(P=0.115),血小板聚集率分别为(47.70±15.07)%与(47.02±15.45)%(P=0.622)。相关性分析显示,血氯吡格雷羧酸衍生物浓度和血小板聚集率呈正相关。结论:氯吡格雷羧酸衍生物血浓度和血小板聚集率相关性良好,氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀未见相互作用。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.