福氏2a志贺菌肠毒素ShET1/ShET2基因分型在菌痢快速诊断中的应用

目的对福氏2a志贺菌肠毒素ShET1(Shigellaenterotoxin1)和肠毒素ShET2(Shigellaenterotoxin2)进行基因分型,提高菌痢爆发流行时同源克隆的鉴定分析水平。方法对93株分离自不同地区,不同时间的福氏2a志贺菌用PCR法检测志贺菌肠毒素ShET1/ShET2基因,进行基因分型和同源克隆鉴定。结果93株福氏2a志贺菌按志贺菌肠毒素ShET1/ShET2基因可分为4种基因型,即12株ShET1(-)/ShET2(+),14株ShET1(+)/ShET2(-),59株ShET1(+)/ShET2(+),8株ShET1(-)/ShET2(-)。93株福氏2a志贺菌ShET1检出率为89.24%(83/93),ShET2为65.59%(61/93)。二者至少有一种基因被检出的检出率为91.39%(85/93)。结论福氏2a志贺菌的快速诊断可应用ShET1、ShET2双基因PCR检测,具有较高的敏感性与特异性。在应用多生物学标志进行福氏2a志贺菌同源克隆鉴定系统研究时,肠毒素ShET1/ShET2基因PCR分析是不可或缺的分析指标。     

Effect of sparfloxacin on fecal microflora and its fecal concentration in patients with bacillary dysentery]

The effect of sparfloxacin (SPFX) on fecal microflora and its fecal concentrations were examined in four patients and one carrier with bacillary dysentery. SPEX was administered to five cases with a daily dose of 200 mg, once a day, for five days after breakfast. The results were as follows: Escherichia coli, a main bacterium in Enterobacteriaceae, was not detected during the drug administration, except one from whose feces mucoid type of E. coli was found all the time, and the colony forming units (CFUs) were not recovered to the initial level at the seventh day after the medication. Enterococcus, found in all of the cases before, was eliminated or decreased during and the CFUs showed slow recovery after the medication. Total CFUs of aerobes were decreased during and not returned to the initial level at the seventh day after the medication. Total CFUs of anaerobes were kept invariable, although variation of the CFUs with the species was seen. The peak levels of the fecal concentrations of SPEX were 177 to 535 micrograms/g on the third to the fifth day of the medication. The fecal concentrations were 1.3 to 4.4 micrograms/g at the seventh day after the medication in all of the cases. The clinical efficacy was excellent in three cases, poor in one evaluated for the other bacteria than Shigella, and unknown in one. No adverse reaction was observed.     

金荞麦片联合左氧氟沙星治疗急性细菌性痢疾疗效观察

目的 探讨金荞麦片联合左氧氟沙星治疗急性细菌性痢疾(菌痢)的临床疗效.方法 102例急性菌痢随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组给予金荞麦片联合左氧氟沙星治疗,对照组只给予左氧氟沙星治疗.结果 ①试验组发热、腹泻等症状改善优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②试验组和对照组总有效率分别为96％和82％,差异有统计学...     

肾功能不全透析患者的弓形虫血清学调查

选择肾功能不全的透析患者作为病例组,健康体检人员作为对照组,对其弓形虫特异性IgG抗体进行检测。共检测透析患者205例,弓形虫IgG阳性率为27.3%;对照组360人,IgG阳性率为3.6%,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。透析患者中有输血史者阳性率为31.2%,无输血史者阳性率为19.2%,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。肾功能不全透析患者的弓形虫感染率明显高于普通人群,是弓形虫感染的潜在危险因素。     

Serological diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis by ELISA

Pulmonary aspergillosis usually develops on the basis of systemic immunosuppression and/or local impairments of respiratory system. Diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis has many difficulties. Chest X-ray findings of most cases are complicated with pre-existing changes due to the underlying diseases, and the detection rate of the pathogenic fungi from clinical specimens is unsatisfactorily low. Therefore, immunological or serological diagnosis is urgently required and precipitation-in-gel method has been widely applied. In this report, we compared clinical usefulness of the determination of anti-aspergillus antibodies by ELISA with that of precipitation-in-gel method. ELISA was carried out according to the method previously reported by us (Yamamoto S. et al.: Kekkaku 62: 549, 1987). About two-thirds of 45 healthy adults (control) did not show any detectable IgG anti-aspergillus antibody and mean of IgG anti-aspergillus antibody titer of the control group was 28.97. Patients, who had shown positive culture of fungus or was clinically diagnosed or strongly suspected as pulmonary aspergillosis, showed significantly high anti-aspergillus IgG antibody titer in comparison with the control group. Further, patients who were positive in precipitation-in-gel tests showed significantly higher IgG antibody titers than those who were negative in that test. IgG antibody titer determined by ELISA corresponded with clinical diagnosis much more exactly than the results of precipitation-in-gel test. Further, the results obtained by ELISA were objective and quantitative in comparison with the latter test. We concluded that ELISA was much superior to precipitation-in-gel test and that ELISA IgG antibody titers 2500 or more were confirmative and those between 570 and 2500 were strongly suggestive for the diagnosis of aspergillosis. IgM anti-aspergillus antibody titers were not different among healthy control group and patient groups, and could not be used for the diagnosis.     

Serological and virological markers of human parvovirus B19 infection in patients with haemophilia

Clotting factor concentrates prepared from human plasma are a potential route of parvovirus B19 (B19) infection in patients with coagulation disorders. However, it is not clear whether B19 transmits and persistently infects patients with haemophilia, especially those with HIV infection. We examined serological and virological markers of B19 in samples from 40 patients with haemophilia who had been receiving several brands of clotting factor concentrates. All of them were anti-B19 IgG seropositive and anti-B19 IgM seronegative. The levels of anti-B19 IgG were significantly higher in haemophiliacs than in healthy donors, whereas there was no difference between the level of anti-B19 IgG in haemophiliacs with HIV infection and those without HIV infection. Moreover, there was no difference between the level of anti-B19 IgG in haemophiliacs receiving recombinant factor VIII and that in those receiving plasma-derived clotting factors. Although by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) B19 DNA was detected at very low levels (< 40 DNA copies mL⁻¹, in 3 out of 40 haemophiliacs, persistent B19 infection was negligible.     

Serological evidence of Ehrlichia infection in Swedish Lyme borreliosis patients.

We studied sera from patients who had participated in a prospective study of borreliosis in Sweden and had acquired tick bites in areas of the country with a high prevalence of granulocytic ehrlichial infections in animals. The sera were examined for IgG anti Ehrlichia antibodies by an indirect immunofluorescence assay using a locally isolated bovine Ehrlichia antigen. Confirmation of the serological results was done at the Unité des Rickettsies, Marseille, France. Three out of 37 of the investigated patients and 1 out of 100 investigated healthy blood donors had significant antibody titres to granulocytotropic Ehrlichiae. No patient or blood donor had specific antibody titres to Ehrlichia chaffeensis. These data suggest that Scandinavian Ehrlichia species can infect and evoke immunological response in tick-exposed humans.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎肝纤维化血清学无创诊断

由于肝活检的有创性和不足,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）及其肝纤维化的无创诊断成为关注的热点。以血清学指标为基础的多参数模型公认为首选的NASH及肝纤维化的研究对象。本文阐述了各种特异性或非特异性血清学参数模型在NASH及肝纤维无创诊断中的应用现状。     

不明原因中枢神经系统疾病患者弓形虫感染的血清学调查

选择207例不明原因中枢神经系统疾病患者作为病例组,203例健康体检者为对照组,对其血清弓形虫特异性IgG抗体进行检测。病例组弓形虫抗体阳性率为19.81%,对照组为5.42%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。病例组中脑型、癫痫型、精神病型和神经衰弱型患者血清弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为22.81%、24.32%、16.05%和18.75%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。患者中有猫犬等宠物接触史者和无猫犬等宠物接触史者抗体阳性率分别为32.97%和9.48%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不明原因中枢神经系统疾病患者的弓形虫感染率明显高于普通人群,临床上对其开展弓形虫感染检测具有十分重要的意义。