Expression and immunoreactivity of an epitope of HCV in a foreign epitope presenting system

AIM: To construct and highly express an epitope of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a foreign epitope presenting vector based on an insect virus, and to study the antigenicity of the epitope. METHODS: The HCV epitope sequence (amino acid residues 315 to 328: EGHRMAWDMMMNWS) of the El region was constructed at different positions of a foreign epitope presenting vector based on an insect virus, flock house virus (FHV) capsid protein encoding gene as a vector, and expressed in E. coli cells. Western blotting and ELISA were used to detect the immunoreactivity of these recombinant proteins. RESULTS: The gene encoding of the concerned B-cell epitope of HCV El envelope protein was expressed on FHV capsid carrier protein at positions I1 (aa 106), 12 (aa 153) and 13 (aa 305), respectively, on the surface of FHV capsid protein. The recombinant proteins in this system could be highly expressed in more than 40% of total cell protein of E. coli BL21. All the expressed recombinant proteins were in inclusion body form, and showed obvious immunoreactivity by Western blotting. Further purified recombinant proteins were detected by indirect ELISA as coating antigen respectively. All recombinant proteins could still show immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION: The epitope of HCV El envelope protein can be highly expressed in FHV carrier system as a chimeric protein with high immunoreactivity. This system has multiple entry sites conferring many possible conformations closer to the native one for a given sequence.     

HBV、HCV在原发性肝癌与其他恶性肿瘤患者及健康人群中的感染率调查

为了调查原发性肝癌与其他恶性肿瘤患者及健康人群中HBV、HCV感染率 ,将上述三组人群的HBV、HCV的感染情况进行分析比较。结果显示原发性肝癌组HBV感染率、HBV/HCV混合感染率均明显高于其它恶性肿瘤组和健康对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;其他恶性肿瘤组与健康对照组之间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;单纯HCV感染率在三组之间均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。由此可见HBV感染、HBV/HCV混合感染是原发性肝癌的主要致病因素     

有偿供血员HCV、HIV和HBV感染的调查分析

目的 了解有偿供血员感染丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、艾滋病病毒（HIV）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的情况,分析HCV和HIV感染对HBsAg的影响。方法 检测296名供血员血清抗－HCV、抗－HIV和HBV的5项标志物（HBsAg、抗－HBs、HBeAg抗－HBe及抗－HBc）。结果 296例有偿供血员中,抗－HCV阳性194例,占65.5%。抗－HCV阳性者中,抗－HIV阳性为145例,占HCV总阳性的75％。本组AIDS患者均死于肝外感染或肿瘤而非肝病。HCV合并HIV感染组的HBsAg阳性率为2.8%,明显低于单纯HCV和单纯HIV感染者（10％）,两组比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。结论 在HIV高发区,抗－HCV阳性有偿献血员常合并HIV感染,是AIDS高危人群。HCV合并HIV感染,可能干扰HBsAg的合成。     

Seroprevalence of HBV/HCV coinfection among patients with HCV screened during the national campaign for HCV eradication in Egypt

Background and study aimsLittle is known about the true prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). This multicenter nationwide study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of HBV among Egyptian patients with HCV and its possible risk factors.Patients and methodsThis is a cross-sectional, multicenter, nationwide study. Data were extracted from the National Network of Viral Hepatitis Treatment Centers database. Baseline data of patients proved to be viremic during the national campaign for HCV eradication (October 2018–April 2019) were retrieved. Data included demographics, laboratory tests (HBsAg, CBC, liver biochemical profile, creatinine, AFP, HbA1c, and viral load), FIB-4 score calculation, and abdominal ultrasound results.ResultsResults of 297,965 patients showed that HBsAg was positive in 2,347 (0.8%) patients. Patients with HBV/HCV were 57% females and had a mean age of 51 ± 13 years. Patients with positive HBsAg showed significantly more tobacco consumption, intravenous drug abuse, hypertension, and diabetes. No significant difference was noted in HCV viremia between patients with HCV and those with HBV/HCV. Only 14% of patients with HBV/HCV had cirrhosis compared with the 9% of those with HCV; two of them had HCC.ConclusionAlthough Egypt has a heavy HCV burden, the overall prevalence of HBV is low among patients with HCV infection. Comorbid conditions seem to favor coinfection.     

The burden of HBV infection in HCV patients in Italy and the risk of reactivation under DAA therapy

Background

There is increasing awareness of HBV reactivation in HCV-RNA-positive/HBV-coinfected patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) treated with oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).

2000例门诊和住院患者中HIV与HBV、HCV混合感染的血清学分析

目的分析医院对艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体筛选结果,了解HIV感染与HBV、HCV肝炎病毒混合感染的关系.方法1998年6月～1999年6月采用ELISA法、MEIA(微粒子酶免法)对HIV、HBV、HCV检测.结果(1)抗HIV感染率为1.4%,其中男性占1.8%,女性占0.9%.民族分布维吾尔族占3.09%,汉族占0.27%,回族占0.77%;维吾尔族与汉族感染率有极显著性差异(χ2=25.34;P＜0.01).(2)在HIV阳性血清中抗HIV单一感染率14.29%;HIV、HCV双重感染率60.71%,HIV、HBV、HCV三重感染率25%;HIV、HCV与HIV、HBV、HCV混合感染率有极显著性差异(χ2=23.9;P＜0.01).结论在本组血清中HIV感染率高,HCV阳性在HIV/AIDS病人血清中混合感染率高,这与青年人静注毒品有关.HIV与HCV有共同传播途径--血液传播.     

有偿献血员中艾滋病病毒、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒感染状况的研究

目的 探讨有偿献血员艾滋病病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎(丙肝)病毒(HCV)、乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)感染的特点。方法61份HIV阳性献血员及89份HIV阴性献血员的血清,经酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HCV抗体(抗-HCV)及HBV血清学标志物,比较两组人群的HCV、HBV及HCV/HBV感染情况。结果HIV阳性献血员的抗-HCV阳性率为70.49％。乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)与抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒e抗原(HBeAg)与抗体(抗-HBe)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)和HBV的阳性率分别为8.20％、29.51％、3.28％、44.26％、11.4896、47.54％;而HIV阴性献血员的抗-HCV阳性率为19.10％,HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc、HBV的阳性率分别为2.25％、38.20％、1.12％、47.19％、6.74％、47.19％。经统计学分析,两组人群的HCV、HCV/HBV感染率的差异有显著的统计学意义,而HBV血清学标志物则无显著性差异。结论 与HIV阴性献血员相比。HIV阳性献血员的HCV感染率很高,而HBV血清学标志物则无显著性差异。对献血员进行HBV检测而未检测HIV、HCV造成的选择偏倚,可能是中国中部一些省份HIV感染者HCV感染率高而HBV感染并不相应增高这一现象的原因之一。     

巨脾型晚期血吸虫病与HBV及HCV感染的研究

本文作者对１２４例临床诊断为巨脾型晚期血吸虫病（晚血）的患者作了肝组织病理、ＨＢＶ和ＨＣＶ标志检测及随访观察。病理诊断为血吸虫病性肝纤维化７８例（６２．９％），血吸虫病性肝纤维化合并肝炎３１例（２５％），门脉性肝硬化１５例（１２．１％），三组患者ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＨＣＶ标志检出率分别为３５．９％、６４．５％及９３．３％，提示肝细胞病变及其严重程度与肝炎病毒感染有密切关系。以血吸虫病性肝纤维化为基本病变的１０９例中，ＨＢｓＡｇ或ＨＣＶ标志阳性组病死率为２２．９％（１１／４８），显著高于阴性组１．６％（１／６１）。１８例死亡患者中，ＨＢｓＡｇ和／或ＨＣＶ标志阳性１７例，占９４．４％。最常见的死亡原因是肝功能衰竭，第二位是原发性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）。ＨＢＶ及ＨＣＶ感染是发生肝衰竭及ＨＣＣ的关键因素，与晚血患者的死亡密切相关。     

HBV and HCV therapy

One year of interferon therapy inhibits HBV replication in one third of the patients whereas long-term administration of oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is efficient in most of them, as long as early treatment adaptation in patients with partial virological response and resistance is provided. Following the demonstration of a more potent antiviral effect in terms of sustained virological response (SVR) rates, Pegylated-IFN coupled with Ribavirin has become the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C, with nearly 65% of all treated patients achieving a SVR. Long-term suppression of HBV and eradication of HCV would halt the progression of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver decompensation.     

HIV感染献血者并发感染HBV、HCV及梅毒调查分析

目的:了解曲靖市无偿献血人群中艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者并发感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和梅毒的状况。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),对HIV感染献血者检测HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP。结果:133例HIV感染献血者中,HBV感染率为1.5%,HCV感染率为10.5%,梅毒感染率为7.5%。结论:曲靖市HIV感染的献血者中,并发HCV和梅毒感染率高,而并发HBV感染率较低。     

HBV reactivation in patients with HCV/HBV cirrhosis on treatment with direct‐acting antivirals

Anecdotal reports suggest that patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) hepatitis and overt or occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection may reactivate HBV when HCV is suppressed or cleared by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). We assessed the prevalence of overt or previous HBV coinfection and the risk of HBV reactivation in patients with HCV cirrhosis treated with DAAs. This was a retrospective cohort of 104 consecutive patients with HCV cirrhosis treated with DAAs. Serum HCV‐RNA and HBV‐DNA were tested at weeks 4, 8 and 12 of DAAs therapy and at week 12 of follow‐up. At the start of DAAs, eight patients (7.7%) were HBsAg positive/HBeAg negative with undetectable HBV‐DNA and low levels of quantitative HBsAg (four on nucleos(t)ide analogues [NUCs] and four inactive carriers), 37 patients (35.6%) had markers of previous HBV infection (25 anti‐HBc positive, 12 anti‐HBc/anti‐HBs positive) and 59 (56.7%) had no evidence of HBV infection. Sixty‐seven patients (64.4%) were HCV‐RNA negative at week 4 and 98 (94.2%) achieved sustained virological response. All four HBsAg‐positive patients treated with NUCs remained HBV‐DNA negative, but three of four untreated patients showed an increase in HBV‐DNA of 2‐3 log without a biochemical flare and achieved HBV‐DNA suppression when given NUCs. During or after DAAs, by conventional assay, HBV‐DNA remained not detectable in all 37 anti‐HBc‐positive patients but in three of them (8.1%) HBV‐DNA became detectable with a highly sensitive PCR. HBV reactivation is likely to occur in untreated HBV/HCV‐coinfected cirrhotic patients when they undergo HCV treatment with DAAs. Pre‐emptive therapy with NUCs should be considered in this setting. Anti‐HBc‐positive patients rarely reactivate HBV without clinical or virological outcomes.     

Prevalence of occult HBV infection in haemodialysis patients with chronic HCV

AIM: To study the prevalence and clinical effects of occult HBV infection in haemodialysis patients with chronic HCV. METHODS: Fifty chronic hemodialysis patients with negative HbsAg, and positive anti-HCV were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups: HCV-RNA positive and HCV-RNA negative, based on the results of HCV-RNA PCR. HBV-DNA was studied using the PCR method in both groups. RESULTS: None of the 22 HCV-RNA positive patients and 28 HCV-RNA negative patients revealed HBV-DNA in serum by PCR method. The average age was 47.2±17.0 in the HCV-RNA positive group and 39.6±15.6 in the HCV-RNA negative group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of occult HBV infection is not high in haemodialysis patients with chronic HCV in our region. This result of our study has to be evaluated in consideration of the interaction between HBsAg positivity (8%-10%) and frequency of HBV mutants in our region.     

HIV感染者中HCV及HBV感染状况的研究

目的 了解HIV感染者中HCV、HBV的感染状况。方法 对197例HIV感染者中的HCV、HBV感染情况进行了血清流行病学调查研究。结果 HIV感染者中HCV的感染率为90.35％,HBV的总感染率为51.94％,HIV、HCV、HBV三重感染率为49.35％。结论 HIV感染者中有极高的HCV感染率,有较高的HBV感染率。     

河北省HIV-1感染者中HCV和HBV合并感染状况调查

目的了解河北省艾滋病病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)感染者中,丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)的感染状况。方法采集了HIV-1感染者的抗凝全血样品,进行了HCV抗体和乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)的检测。结果 147例HIV-1感染者中,HCV感染率为17.7%(26/147),HBV感染率为15.0%(22/147),HCV/HBV混合感染率为3.4%(5/147)。在HIV-1感染者中,HCV的感染率在注射吸毒感染者中为100%(6/6),血液途径感染者中为73.3%(11/15),性感染者中为6.3%(7/111),不同感染途径间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);女性高于男性(P=0.002);低文化程度的感染者中感染率较高,文化程度方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在HIV-1感染者中,HBV的感染率小年龄组较高(P<0.05)。结论在HIV感染人群中,有较高的HCV和HBV感染率。     

武汉地区卖淫妇女HIV、HBV、HCV及STD感染情况的流行病学调查

对武汉市485名卖淫妇女进行了STD、HBV、HCV及HIV感染的流行病学调查,结果显示:淋病、梅毒及尖锐湿疣三种性病总感染率为34.6％;抗-HCV阳性率为10.1％;HBsAg阳性率为9.3％;未检出抗-HIV阳性者。经分析,卖淫妇女性病阳性率随年龄显著增加,与婚姻状况密切相关,与性伴数显著相关,每次均使用避孕套能显著降低性病发病率;抗-HCV阳性率与性伴数及吸毒史密切相关。     

Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance are associated with severe fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis caused by HBV or HCV infection

Background and aims: Steatosis and insulin resistance (IR) are the major disease modifying in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Only few studies evaluated these features in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to assess the prevalence and the factors related to steatosis and IR in CHB patients, compared with CHC subjects, and to evaluate the potential association between these features and fibrosis severity. Material and methods: One hundred and seventy consecutive patients with CHB (28 HBeAg positive, 142 HBeAg negative), were evaluated using liver biopsy and metabolic measurements and matched for sex, age and body mass index with 170 genotype 1 CHC patients. IR was defined if HOMA‐IR>2.7. All biopsies were scored for grading and staging by Scheuer's score, and the steatosis was considered significant if ≥10%. Results: The prevalence of significant steatosis was similar in both CHB and CHC patients (31 vs. 38%; P=0.14). IR rate was significantly higher in CHC than in CHB patients (42 vs. 26%; P=0.002). Severe fibrosis (F3–F4), at multivariate analysis, was independently associated with older age (OR 1.050, 95% CI 1.009–1.093), steatosis >10% (OR 4.375, 95% CI 1.749–10.943), and moderate–severe necroinflammatory activity (OR 8.187, 95% CI 2.103–31.875), regardless of HBeAg status, in CHB patients, and with older age (OR 1.080, 95% CI 1.028–1.136), IR (OR 2.640, 95% CI 1.110–6.281), steatosis >10% (OR 3.375, 95% CI 1.394–8.171), and moderate–severe necroinflammatory activity (OR 8.988, 95% CI 1.853–43.593) in CHC patients. Conclusions: CHB patients had high steatosis prevalence, similar to CHC controls, but lower IR rate. Both steatosis and IR in CHC, and only steatosis in CHB, are independently associated with fibrosis severity.     

廊坊地区孕产妇乙肝和丙肝感染情况分析

2007年1月~2009年12月来本院住院的足月产妇及门诊的孕检者共7 601人,分别检测其HBsAg和抗-HCV。结果 7 601例被检测者中HBsAg阳性481例,抗-HCV阳性23例。2007、2008和2009年HBsAg阳性率分别为7.17%(159/2217)、6.52%(174/2670)和5.45%(148/2714),抗-HCV阳性率分别为0.40%(9/2217)、0.33%(9/2670)和0.18%(5/2714)。检测结果表明廊坊地区孕产妇乙、丙肝感染率逐年下降;提示应加强对孕产妇血源性疾病的检测和干预以减少母婴垂直传播。     

HIV HCV和HBV核酸检测技术及策略在血筛应用中的研究进展

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是输血传播疾病的主要病原体。为防止因输血引起的HIV、HBV及HCV传播,国内外已有大量针对献血者血液筛查方法的研究。如抗原和/或抗体的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),经过多年研究和应用成效显著。为降低"窗口期"导致的疾病传播,核酸检测(NAT)技术也不断地发展,同时血清学检测(SS)与NAT的互补和联合应用,形成了不同的血筛检测策略。同时,基于纳米材料的微流控技术对病原体多元快速检测,以及聚合酶链反应-酶联免疫吸附(PCR-ELISA)技术等新技术的不断探索研究,将会为血液筛查技术开辟新的途径。文章综述了血液中HIV、HBV和HCV的检测在血筛应用中的研究进展。     

Current incidence and residual risk of HIV, HBV and HCV at Canadian Blood Services

Estimates of the viral residual risk should be updated to reflect current incidence of infection in blood donors. Incidence rates were estimated for allogeneic whole‐blood donations made to Canadian Blood Services from 2006 to 2009 based on transmissible disease conversions of repeat donations within a 3‐year period. Residual risk was estimated as the incidence multiplied by the window period. The residual risk of HIV was 1 per 8 million donations, HCV 1 per 6·7 million donations and HBV 1 per 1·7 million donations. The residual risk remains low and has decreased for HCV since our previous estimates due to reduced incidence.