7α和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-4-雌甾烯-3-酮的合成

由于7α-甲基或10β-乙酰氧基4(5)烯-3-酮雌(雄)甾化合物具有显著的抗着床或抗蜕膜活性,我们合成了既具有7α-甲基或7β-甲基又具有10β-乙酰氧基的两个新甾族化合物(1_a)和(1_b)。经药理试验表明(1_a)和(1_b)对孕鼠均有抗早孕作用。     

6α-甲基-17α-羟基-黄体酮和6α-甲基-17α-羟基-11去氧-皮质酮-21-乙酸酯的微生物羟化

6α-甲基-11-去氧-17α-羟基-皮质酮-21-乙酸酯(Ⅱ)经短刺克宁汉霉微生物转化得6β-羟基化合物(Ⅵ_a)及6β,11β-羟基化合物(Ⅶ_a)。6α-甲基-17α-羟基-黄体酮(Ⅰ)经短刺克宁汉霉菌转化亦得6β-羟基化合物(Ⅵ_b)及6β,11β-羟基化合物(Ⅶ_b)。化合物(Ⅱ)如用梨头霉转化则得11α-羟化物(Ⅲ)。Ⅶ_a、Ⅶ_b、Ⅷ_a、Ⅷ_b及Ⅺ_b的结构是通过核磁共振谱和质谱证明的。     

肿瘤的化学治疗 ⅩⅩⅢ.若干[双-(β-卤乙基)-氨基]-吲■-2-羧酸及其乙酯的合成

由5(及7)-[双-(β-羥乙基)-氨基]吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅶ_a,b)合成了5(及7)-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_a和Ⅱ_b)、5(及7)-[双-(β-溴乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_c和Ⅱ_d)以及5(及7)-[双-(β-碘乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_e和Ⅱ_f)。再經水解制得其相应的羧酸(I_a-f)。此外又合成了5(及7)-乙氧羰氨基-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(IX_a,b)和5-乙氧基-7-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅶ)。化合物I_a,I_b,I_c,Ⅱ_a,Ⅱ_b,Ⅱ_c,Ⅱ_e和Ⅱ_f对組織培养Hela細胞有明显的抑制作用。化合物Ⅰ_a,Ⅰ_b,Ⅱ_a和Ⅱ_b口服时对小鼠肉瘤180有明显的抑制作用。化合物Ⅰ_e,Ⅰ_f和Ⅻ对肉瘤180具有中度的抑制作用。     

18-甲基炔诺酮中间体的拆分

D-及L-18-甲基炔诺酮是以消旋19-去甲基13β-乙基-3β,17β-双羟基17α-乙炔基-4-雄甾烯(Ⅲ)为原料,经Ⅲ的丁二酸单醋与(+)α-甲基苯乙胺成盐,然后分离,分别水解,氧化即得D-左旋18-甲基炔诺酮(Ⅶa)和L-右旋18-甲基炔诺酮(Ⅶb)。如用(—)α-甲基苯乙胺,首先得L-构型的右旋18-甲基炔诺酮(Ⅶb),而母液中的D-左旋体未进行分离。     

肿瘤化学治疗的研究 Ⅴ.某些具有双(2-氯乙基)氨基的苯丙氨酸的合成

本文报导了溶肉瘤素的三种异构体,卽β-[间双(2-氯乙基)氢基苯基]-α-氨基丙酸(Ⅰ_b)、β-[对双(2-氯乙基)氨基苯基]-β-氨基丙酸(Ⅱ_α)及β-[间双(2-氯乙基)氨基苯基]-β-氨基丙酸(Ⅱ_b)的合成和它们的抗肿瘤作用,并对它们的化学结构与生理作用的关系进行了讨论。上述化合物对多种动物实验肿瘤的生长皆具显著的、不同程度的抑制作用。化合物Ⅱ_a(编号合14)已在临床研究中。     

5α-△9(11)-16β-甲基-3β,17α,21-三羟基-孕甾烯-3β,21-双醋酸酯-20酮和5α,17α-甲基-17β-羟基-雄甾-3酮的微生物转化

用诺卡氏菌与节杆菌混合菌种转化从蕃麻皂素制得的中间体5α-△⁹⁽¹¹⁾-16-16β-甲基-3β,17α,21三羟基孕甾烯-3β,21-双醋酸酯-20酮(Ⅰ)得50%的16β-甲基-△^1,4,9(11)-孕甾三烯-20酮(Ⅱ)和少量的16β-甲基-9,11α环氧-△¹,4孕甾二烯-20酮(Ⅲ)。另外,又用同样的混合菌种转化从剑麻皂素制得的中间体5α,17α甲基-17β羟基-雄甾-3酮(Ⅳ)得50%17α甲基-17β羟基-△^1,4-雄甾二烯-3酮(Ⅴ)。如改变培养基则得3,17β-羟基-17α-甲基-9酮基-9,10开环-1,3,5(10)雄甾三烯化合物。     

3,5-甾二烯化合物的合成及抗早孕活性

以18-甲基-17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(18-甲基炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙缺基-雌甾-4-烯-3-酮(炔诺酮),17β-羟基-17α-乙炔基-雄甾-4-烯-3-酮(妊娠素)和17a-羟基孕甾-4-烯-3,20二酮(17α-羟基黄体酮)为原料,经NaBH,还原、脱水、双键转位和酯化等反应合成一系列3,5-甾二烯化合物,用¹HNMR和MS证明了它们的结构。动物筛选结果表明,17β-丙酰氧基-17α-乙炔基-雌甾-3,5-二烯(IV_b2有明显的抗早孕活性。中断早期妊娠的作用似与其雌激素活性有关。     

肿瘤的化学治疗ⅩⅩⅫ.N-乙酰基-N-{3-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-6-甲基(或氢)-苯基}-甘氨酸的合成

从3-硝基-6-甲基-苯胺为原料经过六步反应合成了N-乙酰基-N-{3-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-6-甲基-苯基}-甘氨酸(Ⅲ₂),并从硝基苯胺以制备Ⅲ_a相似的步骤合成N-乙酰基-N-{3-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-苯基}-甘氨酸(Ⅲ_b)和N-乙酰基-N-{4-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-苯基}-甘氨酸(Ⅲ_c).药理试验表明:化合物Ⅲ_a对小白鼠肉瘤-180有显著的抑制作用,但化合物Ⅲ_b和Ⅲ_c无明显作用.Ⅲ_a-c对体外组织培养的Hela瘤细胞都无抑制作用.     

国产甲基炔诺酮的杂质分离和鉴定

本文报道了甲基炔诺酮(norgestrel)中两个杂质的分离和鉴定。用薄层层析和高效液相色谱对甲基炔诺酮进行分析,发现除主成分甲基炔诺酮外尚含有六个杂质。用柱层析和制备型薄层层析预分,经径向加压柱对其中两个杂质进行高效液相色谱制备。经紫外、红外和质谱分析并与对照品比较,确认这两个杂质分别为(±)13β-乙基-17β-羟基-甾烷-4-烯-3-酮及(±)13β-乙基-甾烷-4-烯-3,17-二酮。     

某些雄甾烯酮肟的合成及抗生育活性

鉴于炔诺酮在动物及人体显示抗生育活性,作者将炔诺酮(1)经17β-OH酰化后制成17α-炔基-17β-乙酰基-19-失碳雄甾-4-烯-3-酮肟(3)及有关酮肟或酮肟酯类(4～13),再经重排制得3-氮杂-17α-炔基-17β-乙酰基-19-失碳-A-扩环雄甾-4-烯-4-酮(14)。     

Over-the-counter delta5 anabolic steroids 5-androsen-3,17-dione; 5-androsten-3beta, 17beta-diol; dehydroepiandrosterone; and 19-nor-5-androsten-3,17-dione: excretion studies in men

Studies of urinary steroids were performed in males after oral administration of 5-androsten-3,17-dione; 5-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol; dehydroepiandrosterone; and 19-nor-5-androsten-3,17-dione. 5-Androsten-3,17-dione; 5-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol; and dehydroepiandrosterone amplify most endogenous steroids, but to a lesser extent than their delta4 analogues do. Especially affected are androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and isomeric 5-androstendiols. 5-Androsten-3,17-dione; 5-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol; and dehydroepiandrosterone elevate the urinary testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) ratio by a factor of 2-3 a few hours after administration. This may cause a positive T/E test (> 6) for individuals with normal T/E ratios higher than 2. Most of the steroids return to their original concentrations in less than 24 h. Etiocholanolone and 5beta-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol remain elevated for several days. A reduced androsterone to etiocholanolone (A/E) ratio may be an indication of delta5 steroids abuse. 19-Nor-5-androsten-3,17-dione has a similar effect, except that all metabolites in urine are 19-nor exogenous steroids. Identification criteria for 19-nor-5-androsten-3,17-dione may be the same as nandrolone, that is, detection of 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone. Specific abundant metabolites of 19-nor-5-androsten-3,17-dione are 19-nordehydroandrosterone and 19-nordehydroepiandrosterone. In the later stages of excretion, higher concentration of 1 9-noreticholanolone relative to 19-norandrosterone specifically indicates administration of 19-nor delta5 steroids.     

A new nortriterpenoid saponin from the roots of Symplocos caudata Wall

A new nortriterpenoid saponin, 3β,17β-dihydroxy-28-nor-12-oleanen-16-one 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl (1 → 2)-{α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 3)-[α-l-arabinofuranosyl (1 → 4)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside]} (1), along with two pairs of known isomers, was isolated from the roots of Symplocos caudata Wall. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

Quantification and profiling of 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone in human urine after consumption of a nutritional supplement and norsteroids

Nandrolone is one of the synthetic anabolic steroids banned in sports and has been a popular substance abused by athletes in recent years. One of its major metabolites, 19-norandrosterone (19-NA), has been used as a determinant for drug violations in sports. Current reports regarding nandrolone-positive cases have been related to intake of some nandrolone-free nutritional supplements. The aim of this study was to learn whether if a nutritional supplement sold by over-the-counter (OTC) nutritional stores could yield the same metabolic products as that of nandrolone. If so, what is (are) the substance(s) that contributed to the nandrolone metabolites? To determine the content of an OTC nutritional supplement, a tablet was dissolved in methanol, followed by N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA)-trimethyliodosilane (TMIS) derivatization prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The collected urine samples underwent extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and derivatization before the analyses of GC-MS. The results showed that seven anabolic steroids were found as contaminants in the nutritional supplement, in addition to six that were listed in the ingredients by the manufacturer. We confirmed previous reports that administration of the OTC supplement could produce a positive urine test for nandrolone metabolites. Furthermore, the results from excretion studies showed that 19-NA and 19-noretiocholanolone (19-NE) were present in urine after consuming the nutritional supplement, nandrolone, 19-nor-4-androsten-3,17-dione, 19-nor-4-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol, and 19-nor-5-androsten-3beta,17beta-diol. The 19-NA concentrations in urine were generally higher than that of 19-NE (19-NA/19-NE ratio > 1.0) especially during the early stage of excretion, that is, before 6 h post-administration. After this period of time, the concentrations of 19-NA and 19-NE fluctuated and might even have reversed (19-NA/19-NE ratio < 1.0) in their ratio, that is, higher yield in 19-NE than that in 19-NA. On the basis of this study, we postulate that some doping violations of nandrolone could be attributed by indiscriminate administration of the OTC nutritional supplements that contained 19-norsteroids.     

19-Nortestosterone,a Model for the Use of Anabolic Steroid Conjugates in Raising Antibodies for Radioimmunoassay

1. The raising of antibodies in Soay sheep to an immunogenic conjugate of 19-nortestosterone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime with bovine serum albumin is described.

2. High titre plasma so obtained can be used for the radioimmunoassay of 19-nortestosterone.

3. Cross-reactivities of the antibody with endogenous steroids is confined to testosterone (20-25%) and 17β-estradiol (1-2%). Cross-reactivities with a range of other 17β-hydroxy synthetic anabolic steroids and with some potential 17β-hydroxy metabolites of 19-nortestosterone vary between 2-3% for 5β-estrane-3α,17β-diol and 26% for 1-dehydrotestosterone. There is limited cross-reactivity (ca. 1-2%) with anabolic steroids with 17β-hydroxy, 17α-methyl substituents.

4. 19-Nortestosterone (phenyl propionate) administered to a horse (1?mg/kg, intra-muscular) gives urinary metabolites readily detectable by radioimmunoassay, for more than 4 days.     

Two new triterpenoids from Lycopodium obscurum L.

Two new onoceranoid triterpenoids, (3α,8β,14α,21β)-26,27-dinoronocerane-3,8,14,21-tetrol (1) and 26-nor-8β-hydroxy-α-onocerin (2), were isolated from Lycopodium obscurum L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.     

7α,17α-二甲基-17β-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3酮的若干A环骈杂环衍生物的合成

将7α-甲基引进甲基睾丸素后,经甲酰化反应制得2-羟次甲基衍生物(Ⅳ),再先后转变为单肟(Ⅴ)、双肟(Ⅵ),环合得70,17α-二甲基-17β-羟基-雄甾-4-烯骈[2,3-c]呋咱(Ⅶ)。也可使(Ⅳ)与水合肼或盐酸羟胺作用,分别制得相应的雄甾-4-烯骈[3,2-c]吡唑(Ⅷ)及雄甾2,4-二烯骈[2,3-d]异(口恶)唑(Ⅸ)。在酸性反应条件下合成(Ⅸ)时,还分离出它的重排脱水产物7α,17α,17β-三甲基雄甾-2,4,13-三烯骈[2,3-d]异(口恶)唑(Ⅹ)。     

18-甲基雌二醇-3-甲醚11位的结构改变及与抗生育作用的关系

为了寻找新的甾体雌激素类抗生育药物,从18-甲基炔诺酮中间体——13-乙基-3-甲氧基-雌甾-1,3,5(10),8-四烯-17-酮(1)始,分别合成了六个11取代的18-甲基雌二醇衍生物:11α-羟基物(5)、11α-甲氧基物(12)、11β-羟基物(14)、11β-甲氧基物(16)、9β-11α-羟基物(19)和9β-11α-甲氧基物(21),其中化合物(12)、(16)、(19)、(21)未见文献报道。其结构和构型系根据光谱分析(UV、IR、NMR、MS)和化学转化确定的。     

Inhibition of serine proteases by steroids

Proteolysis of ¹⁴C-labeled globin, as well as the hydrolysis of the specific substrate benzoyl tyrosine ethyl ester, by purified bovine chymotrypsin was found to be inhibited by several steroid hormones. The inhibition of chymotrypsin by the steroids was of a competitive nature, with K_i values of 9.9 × 10^?5 M for triamcinolone (9-fluoro-11β, 16α,17,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione), 1.6 × 10^?4 M for cortisol (11β,17α,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione), 3.7 × 10^?4 M for testosterone (17β-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one), 5.0 × 10^?4 M for dexamethasone (9-fluoro-11β,17,21-trihydroxy-16α-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione), and 1.0 × 10^?4 M for epicortisol (11α,17,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione). The activity of purified bovine trypsin on its specific substrate, TAME (tosyl arginine methyl ester), also showed a similar pattern of inhibition by steroids. Both chymotrypsin and trypsin were found to bind ³H-labeled dexamethasone and cortisol. This binding was markedly inhibited by the general protease inhibitor, PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride), whereas the chymotrypsin-specific inhibitor, TPCK (l-[1-tosyl-amido-2-phenyl]ethylchloromethyl ketone), inhibited only the steroid binding to chymotrypsin but not to trypsin. These observations indicate that serine proteases recognize steroid hormones in a fashion similar to the recognition of their specific substrates and that the steroids inhibit activity of these enzymes at their binding sites.     

Progesterone hydroxylation by cytochromes P450 2C and 3A enzymes in marmoset liver microsomes

1.?Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are potentially useful nonhuman primate models for preclinical drug metabolism studies. However, the roles of marmoset cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms in the oxidation of endobiotic progesterone have not been fully investigated. In this study, the roles of marmoset P450 isoforms in progesterone hydroxylation were extensively determined.

2.?The activities of liver microsomes from individual marmosets with respect to progesterone 21/17α- and 16α/6β-hydroxylation were significantly correlated with those for flurbiprofen 4-hydroxylation and midazolam 1′-hydroxylation, respectively, as similar correlations have been found in humans. Anti-P450 2?C and 3?A antibodies suppressed progesterone 21/17α- and 16α/6β-hydroxylation, respectively, in marmoset liver microsomes.

3.?Recombinant marmoset P450 2C58 and 2C19 catalyzed progesterone to form 21-hydroxyprogesterone and 16α-hydroxyprogesterone, respectively, as major products with high maximum velocity/K_m values of 0.53 and 0.089?mL/min/nmol, respectively. Recombinant marmoset P450 3A4/90 oxidized progesterone to form 6β-hydroxyprogesterone as a major product with homotropic cooperativity (>1 of Hill coefficients).

4.?These results indicate that the overall activities and roles of liver microsomal P450 enzymes in marmoset livers are similar to those in humans, especially for progesterone 21/17α- and 16α/6β-hydroxylation by marmoset P450 2?C and 3?A enzymes, respectively, suggesting important roles for these P450 enzymes in the metabolism of endobiotics in marmosets.