HPLC法测定不同产地山药中尿囊素的含量

目的　测定不同产地间山药中尿囊素的含量。方法　采用 HPL C法 ,色谱柱 :Shimadzu ODS(15 0 mm×6 .0 mm) ;流动相 :甲醇 -水 (10∶ 90 ) ;流速 :0 .5 m L/min;柱温 :35℃ ;灵敏度 :0 .0 0 5 AU FS;检测波长 :2 2 4 nm;纸速 :2 .0 cm/min。结果　各产地山药中尿囊素含量差异较大。结论　该法快速、简便、重现性好 ,为不同产地间山药中尿囊素的含量比较提供了依据。     

不同产地山药中总多糖及尿囊素的含量分析

目的对比河南产地和河北产地山药的品质,寻找优良品种。方法总多糖含量采用苯酚硫酸法测定;尿囊素含量采用高效液相色谱法测定,色谱条件:色谱柱:资生堂SPOLAR C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水(2:98),流速:0.5 m L/min,柱温25℃,检测波长:224 nm。结果总多糖含量(%)河南产地山药中为(14.65±1.43)%,河北产地山药中为(7.78±2.83)%,二者有显著性差异(P0.01);在尿囊素含量上二者没有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论河南产地的山药中含有较高的总多糖,可能药用价值更高,品质更优,是值得关注的优良品种。     

HPLC测定不同产地掌叶半夏中腺苷的含量

目的:采用HPLC法建立掌叶半夏中腺苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用KromasilODS-C18(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-水(15∶85),流速1 mL.min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长260 nm。方法:腺苷在9.84～78.72 mg.L–1线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),平均加样回收率为99.01%,RSD 1.94%(n=6)。结果:6个不同产地掌叶半夏中腺苷含量大小为:山东菏泽>河北安国>陕西汉中>河北保定>安徽亳州>湖南浏阳。结论:该方法操作简便,结果可靠,重复性好,可作为掌叶半夏药材的质量控制方法之一。     

高效液相色谱法测定贵州不同产地半夏药材中鸟苷和腺苷的含量

目的研究以HPLC同时测定贵州不同产地半夏药材中鸟苷、腺苷含量的方法。方法采用D iamonsil C18柱(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(15∶85)为流动相,流速0.7 m l.m in-1,检测波长λ=260 nm,柱温25℃。结果鸟苷在0.048~0.480μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,腺苷在0.045~0.449μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 8。加样回收率(n=9)的RSD:鸟苷为2.94%,腺苷为2.06%。结论该法操作简便,结果可靠,重现性好,可作为半夏药材的质量控制方法之一。     

高效液相色谱法测定灵芝提取物中尿苷和腺苷含量

目的:建立一种测定灵芝提取物中尿苷和腺苷含量的高效液相色谱法,测定不同产地灵芝提取物中的尿苷和腺苷的含量。方法:色谱柱:Diamonsil C18(2)(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm);流动相:乙腈-0.04 M KH2PO4=9∶91;流速:1 mL·min-1,检测波长:260 nm,柱温:35℃。结果:尿苷和腺苷分别在0.2~50μg·mL-1和0.1~20μg·mL-1范围内,峰面积与浓度的线性关系良好;尿苷和腺苷的平均准确度均在99.91%~102.12%之间;日内、日间精密度RSD均小于1.76%,样品回收率均在94.42%~100.50%之间。6个不同产地的灵芝提取物中,以福建灵芝中尿苷含量和吉林灵芝中腺苷含量最高,其他5个产地灵芝中尿苷和腺苷含量差异无统计学意义。结论:该方法特异性强、准确度高、重复性好,可用于测定灵芝提取物中的尿苷和腺苷含量,为灵芝提取物的评价提供参考和依据。     

不同产地冬虫夏草腺苷含量的测定

目的 :评价不同产地冬虫夏草的药材内在质量。方法 :以腺苷含量作为评价冬虫夏草内在质量的主要指标 ,以高效液相法测定来源于 13个产地的优质冬虫夏草的腺苷含量。结果 :13个产地冬虫夏草的腺苷含量为0.1425～0.396 6mg·g^-1,其中藏草腺苷含量高于川草 ;在川草中 ,炉草腺苷含量高于滇草 ,灌草最低。结论 :产地不同 ,冬虫夏草的腺苷含量不同。在商品虫草两大类型 (道地品牌 )中 ,藏草优于川草 ,川草中又以炉草为胜。     

不同产地和商品等级延胡索中尿苷、鸟苷、腺苷的含量分析

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定延胡索药材中尿苷、鸟苷和腺苷3种核苷成分含量的方法,并比较不同产地、不同商品等级中3种核苷类成分含量的差异和各成分间的结构比。方法:采用Venusil MP C18(2)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-水(B)为流动相梯度洗脱(0~10 min,1%~5%A;10~15 min,5%~15%A;15~22 min,15%~17%A;22~26 min,17%~20%A;26~32 min,20%~24%A),流速1.0 m L·min-1,柱温35℃,检测波长260 nm。运用上述方法对38批延胡索药材进行测定,并对测定结果进行聚类分析。结果:测定了延胡索药材中3种核苷类成分的含量,在线性范围内线性关系良好(r0.999 8),平均回收率为99.63%~104.24%,RSD为0.7%~2.3%。38批延胡索样品中尿苷、鸟苷和腺苷均可检测到,不同产地延胡索药材中尿苷、鸟苷、腺苷量及组成结构比差异显著;同一产地不同种植户的延胡索药材其3种成分量及组成结构比也存在明显差异。采用聚类分析能将不同产地的38批延胡索药材分为3类。结论:总体上来说,不同产地延胡索药材成分的组成存在显著性差异,不同商品等级延胡索中核苷类含量无明显差异,延胡索药材的质量受自然环境、栽培技术因素的影响。该方法适用于延胡索中尿苷、鸟苷和腺苷的含量测定,为其质量控制提供保证。     

不同产地山药中7种核苷类成分的含量测定及质量评价研究

目的:建立HPLC法同时测定山药中7个核苷类成分的含量,并评价不同产地(河南、河北、山西、云南、福建、山东)山药的质量.方法:色谱柱为Venusil MP C18(2)(250 mmx4.6 mm,5 μm)柱;流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱;流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为260 nm;柱温为25℃;进样量为10 ...     

不同产地银杏叶中总银杏酸的含量比较

目的:比较不同产地银杏叶中总银杏酸的含量.方法:采用HPLC测定银杏叶中总银杏酸的含量.色谱条件为依利特Hypersil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-1％冰醋酸水溶液(90∶ 10),流速1.0 mL· min-1,检测波长310 nm,柱温35℃,进样量20 μL,外标法计算含量.结果:各产地银杏叶中总银杏酸含量差异较大,山东郯城总银杏酸含量最高(2.38％),江苏邳州最低(1.28％).结论:不同产地银杏叶中总银杏酸含量差异明显,应选择使用.     

不同产地壮药夜香牛中木犀草素的含量测定

目的:建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定广西不同产地壮药夜香牛中木犀草素的含量。方法:采用HPLC法对10个不同产地的夜香牛药材中木犀草素的含量进行检测。采用Alltima C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);以甲醇-乙腈(1∶1)为流动相A;0.5%磷酸为流动相B;流速:1.0 m L/min;柱温:30℃;检测波长:350 nm。结果:广西10个不同产地夜香牛药材中木犀草素含量在0.00200%~0.00997%之间。结论:本实验方法过程简单、测定结果可靠、且检测的重复性好,可作为研究壮药夜香牛质量标准的方法。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。