股骨头缺血坏死的MRI评价

目的　分析股骨头缺血坏死 (ANFH)的MRI征象 ,评价ANFH的MRI分期。方法　在分析 5 0例正常髋MRI基础上回顾性对照分析 5 0例 (78个股骨头 )ANFH的MRI和X线平片资料 ,并将ANFH的影像学分期与坏死区MRI信号特征 (分型 )进行了联系与对比。结果　 (1) 78个ANFH中 ,15个 (2 0 % )X线平片为阴性 ;3 5个 (4 5 % )在T1WI上出现“脂肪强度征” ;2 7个 (3 5 % )在T2 WI上可见“双线征”。 (2 )将ANFH的Mitchell分型与Hungerford分期列于对应表中并行统计学处理。结果 :A型和B型与 0～Ⅱ期之间 ,C型和D型与Ⅲ、Ⅳ之间有密切的对应关系 (Ρ <0 .0 0 5 )。 (3 )ANFH引起的关节积液多为 2～ 3级 (72 % ) ;Ⅲ、Ⅳ期ANFH合并关节积液量比 0～Ⅱ期明显多 (Ρ <0 .0 0 5 )。结论　MRI能够准确显示ANFH的范围、程度及信号特征 ,使早期ANFH的诊断成为现实 ;ANFH的MRI分型与其影像学分期之间有密切的对应关系     

成人股骨头缺血坏死的MRI诊断

目的：分析股骨头缺血坏死(ANFH)的MRI征象，评价ANFH的MRI分期。方法：对58例股骨缺血坏死的患者进行双侧股骨头MRI检查并将．ANFH的影像学分期与MRI信号特征对比。结果：①90个股骨头缺血坏死20个X线平片为阴性；27个在T2WI上“见双线征”。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期22个在T1WI股骨头碎裂、塌陷、续发退行性变；②ANFH的MRI分期依据Ficat分期法共分为五期；③早期ANFH引起的关节积液多为2—3级。结论：MRI能够准确显示ANFH的范围程度及信号特征，尤其对早期ANFH的诊断尤其敏感是常规X线CT所不及。     

成人早期股骨头缺血性坏死的X线、CT及MRI诊断价值

目的 探讨成人早期股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的X线、CT及MRI诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经临床确诊的63例75个早期股骨头缺血性坏死的X线平片、CT及MRI的诊断结果.结果 75个早期ANFH中, Ⅰ期30髋;Ⅱ期45髋;早期(Ⅰ～Ⅱ期)股骨头坏死的X线平片、CT及MRI的确诊率分别是25.3%, 64%及100%.结论 MRI在早期诊断ANFH的敏感性和准确率方面优于CT和X线平片.     

成人股骨头缺血性坏死的磁共振诊断

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对成人股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的诊断价值。方法回顾分析对随访确诊40例(60髋)成人ANFH的MRI影像学资料,分析其对成人ANFH的显示及诊断能力。结果 40例患者(60髋)MRI表现为早期ANFH 39髋,中晚期21髋,其中坏死区MRI表现为A型脂肪信号型20髋,B型血液信号型19髋,C型水样信号型10髋,D型纤维组织信号型11髋。线样征19髋其中"单线征"2髋,"双线征"17髋。47髋骨髓水肿,MRI表现为0级7例,1级23例,2级8例,3级9例。关节囊积液,其中0级3髋,1级40髋,2级9髋,3级8髋。结论 MRI在成人股骨头缺血性坏死的诊断及分期分级中具有重要意义。     

股骨头缺血性坏死的磁共振诊断

目的:评价磁共振成像(MRI)对股骨头缺血坏死(ANFH)的早期诊断及评价临床应用价值。方法:对30例临床怀疑或经X线检查诊断为股骨头缺血性坏死的患者进行双髋关节MRI检查,并对其影像学改变进行分期和敏感性分析。结果:30例患者X线检查发现ANFH37个部位。其中Ⅱ期21个,表现为骨疏松、骨硬化或囊状透亮区;Ⅲ期7个,股骨头轻度变形或塌陷,其内见骨质囊状破坏、骨质增生、硬化;Ⅳ期9个,股骨头明显变形或塌陷,关节间隙狭窄。MRI检查发现ANFH43个部位,Ⅰ期6个,见股骨头双线征;Ⅱ期20个,表现为股骨头内带状或散在的斑点状、不规则长T1、长T2信号,或广泛的不规则的混杂信号影;Ⅲ期8个,为新月形长T1、长T2信号影,周围伴长T1、短T2环状信号影;Ⅳ期9个,股骨头明显变形或塌陷,其内见大片长T1、长T2信号影及周围硬化环,关节间隙狭窄。对X线和MRI早期股骨头坏死的诊断率进行卡方检验显示差异具有显著性意义。结论:MRI可早期显示ANFH病变,并准确分期,有助于选择合理的治疗方法,改善预后。     

DR、CT、MRI在股骨头缺血性坏死的诊断和分期中的价值

目的　研究股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的影像学表现、分期,并评价其在诊断和分期中的价值。 资料与方法　30例共43髋ANFH行DR、CT、MRI检查,根据影像学表现进行分期。 结果　DR诊断Ⅰ~Ⅱ期ANFH 13髋,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期19髋,阳性率74.4%;CT诊断Ⅰ~Ⅱ期ANFH 16髋,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期 20 髋,阳性率 83.7%;MRI诊断Ⅰ~Ⅱ期ANFH 22髋,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期20髋,阳性率97.7%。DR、CT、MRI三者的敏感性比较,经统计学处理,χ2=9.15,P<0.01,三者之间有显著差异。 结论　DR难以发现早期ANFH,CT可提供较多的诊断信息,MRI是早期诊断ANFH最准确、最敏感的检查方法。DR、CT、MRI在分期中都起着重要作用。     

经髋部动脉灌注术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的中远期临床疗效

目的:评价经髋部动脉灌注术治疗ANFH的中远期临床疗效。方法:随访研究经临床和影像学检查确诊并经髋部动脉灌注术治疗的100例(129髋)ANFH病人1-4年,按Ficat分期,0期0髋,Ⅰ期33髋,Ⅱ期68髋,Ⅲ期23髋,Ⅳ期5髋,比较治疗前后临床症状、髋关节功能及影像学改变。结果:经髋部动脉灌注治疗后1-4年的Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者疼痛及生活能力较前改善(P<0.05),Ⅱ期患者关节活动度及行走距离较前改善(P<0.05);Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者治疗后DSA显示血管增多,部分血管再通,实质期染色变化;MRI显示骨髓水肿信号及关节积液减少,骨坏死范围及坏死骨缩小;X线平片显示不同程度的骨质修复。Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者治疗后1-3年临床症状、髋关节功能及影像学评价疗效不理想。结论:经髋部动脉灌注术治疗ANFH对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者有较好的中远期疗效,对Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者中远期疗效不理想。     

成人早期股骨头缺血性坏死的影像学诊断价值

目的探讨成人早期股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的影像学(X线平片,CT及MRI)诊断价值。方法选择影像学检查结合临床资料确诊的病例,比较分析25例34个早期股骨头缺血性坏死的X线平片,CT及MRI的诊断结果。结果34个早期股骨头缺血性坏死中,Ⅰ期13髋,Ⅱ期21髋。早期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期)股骨头坏死的X线平片,CT及MRI的确诊率分别是32.4%,61.8%及100%。结论MRI与其它影像检查方法相比能够更早发现病变,且敏感性和准确率高于CT和X线平片。     

股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗前后的DSA对照研究

目的:通过对股骨头供血动脉行超选择性DSA,探讨股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的血流动力学改变、介入治疗前后的变化及其意义.方法:对153例(194髋)ANFH行股骨头供血动脉超选择性血管造影.骨循环研究协会(ARCO)分期Ⅰ期22髋,Ⅱ期98髋,Ⅲ期74髋.根据血管造影表现,在其供血动脉内注罂粟碱30 mg、尿激酶50...     

MRI随访在经导管灌注治疗非创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死疗效评估中的价值

目的 探讨MRI随访在经导管动脉灌注(TAI)治疗非创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)疗效评估中的价值.方法 对22例(30髋)经临床和影像学检查确诊的非创伤性ANFH患者采用TAI治疗,并比较治疗前后临床症状、髋关节功能及MRI影像改变.随访观察9～ 36个月.按ARCO分期,0期1髋;Ⅰ期6髋;Ⅱ期20髋;Ⅲa期3髋.结果 TAI术后,0期+Ⅰ期患者髋关节功能评分由术前平均(82.7±2.48)分增至术后平均(99.98±3.45)分;Ⅱ期患者髋关节功能评分由术前平均(76.9±3.23)分增至术后平均(95.07±3.68)分;Ⅲa期患者髋关节功能评分由术前平均(69.8±1.22)分增至术后平均(90.09±3.17)分.差异均有显著性统计学意义(P＜0.05).MRI随访发现19髋(63.3％)有不同程度好转,股骨头坏死区病灶稳定,见增生、硬化及囊变缩小,骨髓水肿范围变小,髋关节积液减少;2髋(6.7％)病变基本保持不变;9髋(30％)病变加重,表现为骨髓水肿范围增大、髋关节积液增多,但在继续随访中病变好转.结论 非创伤性ANFH患者TAI术后MRI随访有一定的价值,但需结合患者的临床及其他影像资料才是科学的随访措施.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.