选择性动脉插管灌注化学药物治疗中晚期食管癌

目的　探讨中晚期食管癌动脉灌注化疗的疗效、影响疗效的因素和并发症。方法　本组 10 4例 ,男 5 6例 ,女 48例 ,年龄 3 9～ 82岁 ,平均 5 2岁。均经食管吞钡X线片及食管细胞学或病理组织学检查证实为鳞癌患者。全部病例均采用Seldinger技术行相应食管节段的供血靶动脉选择性插管和造影 ,并经导管灌注化疗药物。结果　 10 4例食管癌近期临床疗效总有效率 (完全缓解 +部分缓解 )为 81 7%。 1、2、3年生存率分别为 87 5 % ( 91/ 10 4)、3 9 4% ( 41/ 10 4)和 2 0 2 % ( 2 1/ 10 4)。本组结果提示多次治疗疗效 ( 90 % )优于单次治疗 ( 64 7% ) ( χ2 =8 18,P <0 .0 1) ,多血管型肿瘤疗效 ( 87 8% )优于少血管型 ( 66 7% ) ( χ2 =5 .0 7,P <0 .0 5 ) ,不同类型食管癌疗效也有差别。本组严重并发症有食管穿孔 2例 (其中 1例发生食管大出血 )、坏死性食管炎 2例。结论　食管癌动脉灌注化疗疗效显著 ,副作用小 ,可作为食管癌综合治疗的重要方法。但应注意预防和避免严重并发症的发生     

肝脏转移性肿瘤的血管造影表现及临床意义

目的：分析观察肝脏转移性肿瘤的血管造影形态，以便指导对其进行介入治疗。方法：回顾性分析28例肝脏转移性肿瘤DSA表现，原发癌均经病理证实，分别为胃癌、胰腺癌、肺癌、大肠癌、食管癌、胆囊癌、恶性胸腺瘤及乳腺癌，分别行B超或CT检查肝脏均有实质性占位，在介入治疗前常规行腹腔动脉或肝总动脉DSA检查。结果：本组肝脏转移性肿瘤血供丰富5例，血供中等量16例，血供稀少7例，其血管造影表现为血管增粗、狭窄、扭曲、推移、肿瘤染色、充盈缺损、无门静脉瘤栓亦无动静脉瘘等。结论：血管造影不仅能反映肝脏转移性肿瘤的血管特征，并能为采用介入治疗措施提供一定依据。     

DSA评价肺癌介入治疗前后微循环的改变

目的　根据肺癌微循环的变化评价血管性介入的治疗效果。方法　 138例原发性肺癌经供血动脉造影中 81例资料完整患者 ,测量肺癌治疗前后肿块染色的面积并进行比较 ,经统计学处理求P值。肿瘤染色为肺癌微循环的影象表现 ,由数字影象系统DSA取像。结果　 1.本组肿瘤染色出现率为 84 .8% (117/ 138例 ) ;2 .资料完整的 81例肺癌肿瘤染色面积治疗前均值为 (94 1.4± 73.2 )mm2 ,治疗后为 (42 7.94± 93.8)mm2 ,P <0 .0 1。结论　为从微循环的角度评价血管性介入治疗肺癌疗效增加了一个重要途径     

介入诊疗在急性出血的应用价值

目的探讨介入诊疗对急性出血的诊断与治疗价值。 方法对67例急性出血的患者采用介入治疗,行选择性及超选择性动脉造影和血管内栓塞术,其中上消化道出血28例,下消化道出血12例,子宫出血17例,肝肾出血5例,急性咯血1例,术后急性腹腔内出血4例。 结果67例患者经一次选择性动脉造影获得明确诊断66例,诊断阳性率98.51%(66/67)。选择性动脉造影显示对比剂外溢出血直接征象37例,直接征象阳性率55.22%(37/67)。发现假性动脉瘤13例,肿瘤供血动脉及肿瘤染色21例,子宫瘢痕染色及孕囊染色12例,血管结构不良出血1例。诊断明确后均成功止血。1例消化道出血患者,介入栓塞治疗4天后复发出血,经第二次选择性动脉造影及介入栓塞侧支供血后成功止血。一次性栓塞治疗成功率98.51%(66/67)。 结论选择性动脉造影及血管内栓塞术对急性出血可明确出血部位,而且可迅速有效止血,是一种安全易行、迅速有效的诊断与治疗手段。     

中晚期食管癌动脉灌注化疗中远期疗效观察

目的探讨中晚期食管癌动脉灌注化疗的疗效和临床应用价值。方法80例患者均经钡剂造影及组织病理学检查证实为食管鳞癌,行相应食管段靶动脉选择性插管造影,灌注化疗药物。结果80例食管癌灌注后肿瘤完全缓解(CR)26例,部分缓解(PR)42例,无变化(NC)11例,进展(PD)1例,总有效率(CR PR)为85％(68／80)。1、2、3、5年生存率分别为87．5％(70／80)、38．8％(31／80)、21．3％(17／80)、15％(12／80)。存活3年以上者均为CR患者,提示灌注化疗应尽可能巩固性治疗使病灶达CR。结论食管癌动脉灌注化疗近期疗效显著,可作为食管癌综合治疗中的一种主要的可供选择的治疗方法。由于中远期生存率仍很低,应与手术、放疗等相结合以进一步提高疗效。     

食管癌的CT检查——一种前瞻性研究

作者 CT 检查了83例食管癌,其中可与手术或病理结果比较者共74例。(1)部位及扩展:食管近端9,中部42,远端32例。扩展长度2.5-15cm。有一例 CT 未能证实癌,食管造影为短段环状生长,手术无明显管壁增厚。(2)浸润:87%(26/30)CT 排除周围浸润;91%(40/44)术前怀疑浸润,手术、尸解证实,准确率为89%(66/74)。52例CT 发现肿瘤可切除,手术证实87%(45/52),但     

伴动静脉畸形的股骨头缺血性坏死介入治疗

目的探讨伴动静脉畸形(arteriovenous malformations,AVM)的股骨头缺血性坏死(avascular necrosis ofthe femoral head,ANFH)介入治疗的疗效及安全性。资料与方法回顾性分析19支股骨头滋养动脉伴AVM发生在17例ANFH患者的介入治疗,即先行超选择栓塞AVM,然后超选择旋股内侧动脉、旋股外侧动脉及闭孔动脉等股骨头滋养动脉的主干和主要分支行介入溶栓术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死,评估此类患者的疗效和安全性。结果所有患者均成功行AVM栓塞和介入溶栓术治疗,成功率达100%,经临床3～48个月随访,并采用血管造影与临床症状改善及骨质改变等方面进行疗效判定。优良率100%,血管造影改善率100%,显示治疗后股骨头供应血管计数明显增多,股骨头染色区域增大。临床症状改善率100%,股骨头坏死区病灶稳定,见增生、硬化及囊变缩小。结论伴AVM的ANFH介入治疗安全、有效。     

股骨头缺血性坏死的介入治疗

目的 探讨介入治疗股骨头无菌性坏死的疗效.方法 采用Seldinger's技术经股动脉插管超选择至旋股内、旋股外及闭孔动脉介入溶栓术治疗股骨头无菌性坏死.共50例(60)侧.结果 50例经临床6 ～ 48个月的随访,并采用血管造影与临床症状改善及骨质改变等方面进行疗效判定,优良率91.4%,血管造影改善率87%,显示治疗后股骨头供应血管计数明显增多,股骨头染色区域增大,毛细血管增加,静脉回流明显改善.临床症状改善率96.6%.90%股骨头坏死区病灶稳定,见增生、硬化及囊变缩小.结论 介入导向靶血管溶栓治疗股骨头缺血性坏死治疗有明显疗效.     

CT引导下经皮肝穿刺微波治疗原发性肝癌后肝动脉造影表现

目的:探讨原发性肝癌微波治疗后的DSA表现及临床意义。方法:本组共12例原发性肝癌,均为单发病灶,肿瘤直径3.0～6.5cm(平均4.4cm),经皮肝穿刺微波治疗术后1～3个月内行肝总动脉及可疑区域供血动脉超选择性血管造影,同时对残留及复发灶进行栓塞治疗。结果:术后造影表现为微波治疗的肿瘤区多为无血管区,呈圆形或类圆形无染色或低密度染色区;治疗边缘区可见以下几种征象:肉芽形成(7例)、出血(3例)、边缘残留或复发(7例)和无异常造影征象(2例)。肝内异位复发灶(7例)造影表现同其原发肿瘤常见造影表现。本组12例造影发现原位边缘复发和/或肝内异位复发灶8例并全部完成栓塞治疗。结论:微波治疗区域的边缘征象的发现和鉴别是判断局部残留及复发的关键,DSA在疗效的观察及进一步综合治疗中有较高的临床价值。     

食管癌选择性动脉造影和肿瘤供血的研究

目的：通过食管动脉造影对胸段食管癌动脉血供进行研究, 为食管癌动脉灌注化疗提供依据。方法：７０ 例经病理证实的胸段食管癌病例,胸上段１７ 例,胸中段２９ 例,胸下段２４ 例,对肿瘤的供血动脉行选择性 Ｄ Ｓ Ａ 造影并进行了分析。结果： 胸上段肿瘤主要由支气管动脉发出食管支供血,胸中下段主要接受由支气管动脉食管支和食管固有动脉供血。肿瘤由２ 支或多支动脉供血者占９０ ％ ,单支供血者占１０ ％ 。各供血动脉间８５ ．．７ ％ 的病例存在广泛的交通吻合。结论： 胸段食管癌多支动脉供血居多,灌注化疗时靶血管选择的条数应由造影所显示肿瘤血管及染色范围确定。     

动脉化疗栓塞治疗晚期卵巢癌

目的 探讨经动脉化疗栓塞治疗晚期卵巢癌的疗效.资料与方法 对48例晚期卵巢癌患者行髂内动脉、卵巢动脉化疗栓塞,其中Ⅲ期26例、Ⅳ期22例,灌注药物剂量分别为:顺铂(DDP)50 mg/m~2或卡铂400～600 mg、丝裂霉素(MMC)6～10 mg.栓塞剂选用明胶海绵.在介入术前3 h静脉注射5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)1000～1250 mg.结果 采用单纯介入治疗者总有效率69.2%(9/13),完全缓解(CR)4例,部分缓解(PR)5例,稳定(SD)3例,进展(PD)1例,患者2年生存率46.2%(6/13).采用介入+手术治疗者总有效率91.4%(32/35),CR21例,PR 11例,SD 3例,患者2年生存率71.4%(25/35).无严重并发症发生.结论 经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗晚期卵巢癌疗效肯定,为综合治疗晚期卵巢癌增加了新的治疗手段,并为无法手术者提供了二期手术机会.     

Clinical evaluation of esophageal cancer complicated with head and neck cancer]

We prospectively investigated endoscopic findings of the upper digestive tract in patients with head and neck (H & N) cancer, from 1992 to 2001. Of 687 patients with H & N cancer, esophageal cancers were found to affect 74 patients (10.8%). The 74 patients consisted of 49 (66.2%) with the superficial type and 25 (33.8%) with the advanced type. Other additional cancers were detected in 32 cases (4.7%), including 21 gastric cancers. The incidence was highest in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer (32.4%), whereas the incidences in those with oral floor cancer and mesopharyngeal cancer were 14.3% and 13.1%, respectively. The incidence of stage I cancers was lower than that of stage II, III, or IV cancers. Therapy for superficial esophageal cancers consisted of trisection for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), surgery, and no treatment. Surgery, radiation therapy, or no treatment was selected in advanced type. For double cancers of H & N and esophagus, treatment should be selected in consideration of the prognosis of the disease. These findings suggest that endoscopy with the Lugol-spraying method should be performed in H & N cancers for early detection of esophageal cancers.     

原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞联合生物治疗的价值

目的 评价肝动脉化疗栓塞联合生物治疗对原发性肝癌的疗效。方法 56例原发性肝癌被随机分为两组:接受肝动脉化疗栓塞联合生物治疗的28例为观察组,只接受肝动脉化疗栓塞的28例为对照组。两组在治疗后半年、1年、2年的疗效与生存率分别作X~2检验,进行对照分析。结果 观察组的总有效率为67.8％(19/28)。而对照组为53.6％(15/28),两组间无显著性差异(X~2=1.20,P>0.05);半年、1年、2年时的生存率观察组分别为92.9％(26/28)、39.3％(11/28)和14.3％(4/28),而对照组分别为71.4％(20/28),14.3％(4/28)和0,两组分别比较有显著性差异(X~2值分别为4.38,4.46,4.30,P值均小于0.05)。结论 就原发性肝癌的保守治疗而言,肝动脉化疗栓塞联合生物治疗的效果期明显优于单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞。     

覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌放疗后并发食管狭窄及食管瘘的临床效果

 目的 评价覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌放疗后并发食管狭窄或食管瘘的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析58例食管癌放疗后并发食管狭窄及食管瘘的患者,所有患者均在X线监视下放置Z形全覆膜食管支架,分析支架置入的疗效及安全性。结果 58例食管支架均放置成功,术后患者进食恢复通畅、瘘口封闭,各种临床症状得到有效迅速缓解,放置成功率及治疗有效率均为100.0%。术后出现胸痛52例(89.7%),恶心呕吐31例(53.4%),轻度消化道出血21例(36.2%),前两项经对症处理后可有效控制,后者自行好转。结论 采用覆膜食管支架治疗食管癌放疗后并发的食管狭窄及食管瘘简便、安全、疗效确切,值得推广。     

Secondary bladder cancer during long-term follow-up after iodine-125 permanent seed implantation for localized prostate cancer

IntroductionBrachytherapy for prostate cancer treatment may induce secondary bladder cancer during long-term follow-ups. This study reviews the risk and tumor characteristics of secondary bladder cancer after brachytherapy.MethodsThis single-institution retrospective study included 1162 patients treated with low-dose-rate permanent seed implantation brachytherapy with iodine-125, with or without external beam radiation therapy, for localized prostate cancer. We calculated and compared the rates of secondary bladder cancer among patients treated with brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy (n = 218) before and after a propensity score-matching analysis. Possible risk factors for secondary bladder cancer, such as patient age and external beam radiation therapy administration, were analyzed.ResultsOf 1162 patients with a median follow-up period of 11.4 (range: 0.7–15.5) years, 26 presented with urothelial carcinomas and 1 with adenocarcinoma at a median of 8.9 (range: 2.9–14.0) years after brachytherapy, although the incidence rates of secondary bladder cancer after brachytherapy were not significantly different from those after radical prostatectomy. No significant risk factors for secondary bladder cancer were identified. The initial symptoms of secondary bladder cancer were gross hematuria (74%) and microscopic hematuria with positive urine cytology (15%). Among 26 cases of secondary urothelial carcinoma, 54% were high-grade and 46% were invasive. After brachytherapy, invasive urothelial carcinoma occurred later than noninvasive urothelial carcinoma (p = 0.01).ConclusionsConsidering the aggressive malignancy of secondary bladder cancer, cystoscopy and urine cytology should be performed for further investigation of the causes of gross or microscopic hematuria and rule out secondary bladder cancer in cases followed longer than 3 years after brachytherapy.     

新疆喀什地区维吾尔族食管癌330例胃镜检查结果分析

目的　探讨喀什地区维吾尔族食管癌的发病特点。方法　对 3 3 0例经电子胃镜检查病理确诊的食管癌进行回顾分析。结果　 ( 1)检出率为 12 %,男 :女≈ 2 11:1;平均年龄 ( 5 2 .88± 10 5 3 )岁 ,发病高峰年龄 41～ 5 0岁 ,占 3 3 3 3 %,5 1～ 60岁 ,占 3 0 3 0 %;( 2 )好发部位依次为中段 ( 5 5 5 9%) >下段 ( 2 5 16%) >上段 ( 19 2 5 %) ;( 3 )病变长度 <3cm ,占 3 5 0 3 %;3～ 5cm占 2 3 13 %;≥ 5cm占 41 84%;( 4 )鳞癌 3 2 5例( 98 48%) ,腺癌 5例 ( 1 5 2 %) ;( 5 )食管双源癌 8例 ( 2 42 %)。结论　维族食管癌检出率高 ,发病高峰年龄提前 ,应抓好食管癌的防治工作     

Long-term results of transcatheter arterial embolization therapy in cases of recurrent and advanced pelvic cancer

From April 1983 through April 1989, transcatheter internal iliac arterial embolization therapy (TAE) using Gelfoam particles was performed in 64 cases of recurrent or advanced pelvic cancer. We report here 19 patients who survived for more than one year. After TAE, the patients were followed on an outpatient basis for an average of two years. The condition of the patients was generally good during this period of follow-up. Complete response (CR) to therapy was obtained in five cases, partial response (PR) in nine, minor response (MR) in one and no change (NC) in four. Among the five cases that showed complete response, one case had local control for over five years, two cases for over three years and two cases for over one year. Though the patients had cancer, there were no other complications during the long-term follow-up.     

Incidence, Therapy and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer in Different Age Groups

PURPOSE: Determination of frequency, treatment modalities used and prognoses of colorectal cancer in a population-specific analysis in relation to age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1999 and 2000, 644/6,016 patients were documented as having colorectal carcinomas in the Cancer Registry of Rostock. 39 patients were excluded (16 cases: "in situ" carcinomas; 23 cases: insufficient data). Three age groups were formed: < 60 years, 60-74 years; > or = 75 years. RESULTS: The relative percentage of colorectal cancer increases with advanced age (< 60 years 7%; 60-74 years 12%, > or = 75 years 15%; p < 0.001).In older patients with stage III carcinomas, adjuvant treatment was done less frequently in accordance with the treatment recommendations (< 60 years 83-89%; 60-74 years 67-77%; > or = 75 years 29-36% according to stage and tumor localization); in stage IV, the use of chemotherapy was reduced (< 60 years 87.5-100%; 60-74 years 38-47%; > or = 75 years 33-37%).In the univariate analysis, age > or = 75 years (4-year survival rates: < 60 years 68 +/- 4.1%; 60-74 years 58 +/- 2.8%; > or = 75 years 38 +/- 3.7%), UICC stage and surgical treatment had a significant effect on prognosis. Adjuvant treatment had no significant effect on the whole population but on patients with UICC stage III and IV. In the multivariate analysis, however, the only independent prognostic parameters were age > or = 75 years (p = 0.001), performance of chemotherapy (colon cancer) or radiochemotherapy (rectal cancer; p = 0.004-0.001), and tumor stage (p = 0.045-0.001). Sex (p = 0.063) and age between 60 and 74 years (p = 0.067) had a borderline influence. CONCLUSION: With increasing age, there is a departure in daily practice from the treatment recommendations. The patient's prognosis is dependent upon age (especially > or = 75 years), tumor stage, and therapy.     

多枚食管支架治疗晚期食管癌的临床应用研究

目的：评价多枚食管支架在晚期食管癌治疗中的临床疗效。方法：18例食管癌患者行多枚镍钛合金记忆支架治疗。均为晚期食管癌或支架术后患者。结果：18例食管癌患者置入41枚记忆合金支架,吞咽困难明显改善,总有效率98．6％。结论：晚期食管癌是食管支架治疗最适宜的姑息性适应证;对于病变范围大于10cm者或支架术后再狭窄患者应采用放置多枚支架插接的方法。