烫伤后多发性化脓性肉芽肿的临床病理及电镜观察

目的：观察烫伤后多发性化脓性肉芽肿的临床病理及亚微结构特征,初步探讨该病的发病机制。方法：2例患于治疗前、后分别取病损处组织,标本经处理后进行组织病理及亚微结构分析,在光镜和电镜下观察其形态学变化。结果：2例患均在烫伤愈合的创面上出现丘疹、结节,组织和病理显示真皮内毛细血管增生,真皮水肿,伴大量嗜中性白细胞浸润;其中1例的电镜下发现表皮内有大量病毒包涵体。结论：外伤后多发性化脓性肉芽肿是一种罕见疾病,外伤是其发病机制中一个重要环节,感染可能也是本病的一个重要诱因。     

石蜡包埋的组织块透射电镜标本再制样的方法

石蜡包埋的组织块透射电镜标本再制样的方法武晓华，李德忠，傅学清，王伟广州军区武汉总医院，武汉市，４３００７０关键词标本，透射电镜，制样近年来，我们把石蜡包埋的组织脱蜡后重新制备为电镜样品共６５例。在电镜下观察，大部分能够得到比较好的结果。１材料和方法...     

痤疮丙酸杆菌对抗菌药物的体外抗菌活性分析

本文通过了解外伤后细菌性致死性肉芽肿(FBGT)病原菌的培养分离方法及常用抗菌药的体外抗菌活性,得出结论 FBGT的病原菌为痤疮丙酸杆菌,临床应根据患者的个体情况并结合药敏试验结果联合应用抗菌药物,并与其他疗法联合治疗FBGT.     

纤维样肾小球病病理分析

目的：光镜及电镜下观察纤维样肾小球病的病理特征,为纤维样肾小球病的诊断及鉴别诊断提供依据。方法：2例纤维样肾小球病患者（其中1例并发免疫触须样肾小球病）经皮肾穿刺取活检组织,HE、PAS、PAM-Masson染色,IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4、C1q免疫组化染色,于光镜下观察;病理分析（光镜和电镜）及免疫组织化学染色;铀铅双重染色透射电镜观察。结果：光镜下PAM-Masson染色膜性肾病示系膜区团块状、肾小球基底膜细小嗜复红蛋白沉积,而膜增殖性肾小球肾炎示肾小球基底膜局灶增厚、“双轨化”伴嗜复红蛋白沉积。免疫组织化学染色膜性肾病和膜增殖性肾小球肾炎在肾小球系膜区有IgG、IgM、IgA、C3免疫复合物沉积,而在血管襻区膜性肾病见IgG、C3免疫复合物沉积,膜增殖性肾小球肾炎可见IgM、C3、C1q免疫复合物沉积,但其刚果红染色阴性。电镜下膜性肾病和膜增殖性肾小球肾炎在系膜区、基底膜上皮下和（或）内皮下有电子致密物沉积,见无分支的纤维样结构（直径15~25 nm）,而膜增殖性肾小球肾炎还可见微管状结构（直径30~50 nm）。结论：纤维样肾小球病具有典型的形态学特征,确诊需依赖电镜特征性纤维样结构。     

糖尿病性肝病的病理研究

应用光镜、电镜及特殊染色方法对２１例糖尿病性肝病的肝穿、手术切除和尸检肝组织进行病理研究。结果：光镜主要变化为核内糖原空洞、脂肪变性、脂肪性肉芽肿及间质纤维组织增生；电镜变化为肝细胞核内染色质呈絮状并中心空虚，胞质有脂肪滴、糖原颗粒增多。线粒体减少、模糊。粗面内质网减少、脱粒。滑央内质网和溶酶体增多、间隙胶元纤维增生。３例进行治疗前后对比，治疗后病变减轻或消失，提示糖悄病性肝病的病理变化是可逆的。     

梅罗综合征和螺旋体感染的关系

用Ｗａｒｔｈｉｎ－Ｓｔａｒｒｙ螺旋体特殊染色法及透射电镜观察，分别在１９例肉芽肿性唇炎和５例梅罗综合征（ＭＲＳ）病人的病变组织内发现有螺旋体存在，并对其在光，电镜下的形态和在病变组织内的分布部位进行了描述。经用大刘量青霉素治疗１１例病人，１０例有效。本结果为ＭＲＳ的发可能和螺旋体感染有关的推测提供了依据。     

小面积浅Ⅱ°烧伤区假上皮瘤肉芽肿样病变4例

目的：探讨小面积浅Ⅱ°烧伤区发生罕见的假上皮瘤肉芽肿样病变的原因、临床、病理特征及其防治．方法：回顾分析４例（１岁～３岁）患者的临床资料、治疗效果并将样本作病理组织学检查、微生物检测．结果：活检呈假上皮瘤肉芽肿样病变,活检组织的细菌培养,检出５种细菌：金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、乙型链球菌,粪链球菌及弗氏枸橼酸杆菌等,多数细菌对甲氧苯青霉素耐药．４例患者经手术切除病变,游离植皮或应用万古霉素而治愈．结论：上述小面积浅Ⅱ°烧伤创面发生罕见假上皮瘤肉芽肿样病变,系因创面早期处理不当,涂用污染或不良外用药膏导致炎性增生性肉芽肿样病变,经适当外科处理及抗感染而治愈．     

假复型技术在Aβ寡聚体电镜检测中的应用研究

目的 探讨改进假复型技术用于电镜直接观察Aβ寡聚体特定成分ADDLs的效果.方法 利用假复型技术原理,对ADDLs进行分次点样于琼脂糖凝胶,逐步富集,之后再进行负染制样.结果 在透射电镜下观察到大小从5～10nm左右球形、颗粒状结构,以及20～30nm的卷曲结构.结论 假复型技术用于ADDLs的浓缩与电镜制样是快捷、有效的,为进一步开展Aβ寡聚体的电镜观察和超微结构研究奠定了基础.     

败血症性休克

败血症性休克常继发于肺炎、亚急性细菌性心内膜炎、脏器破裂性腹膜炎以及腹腔脓肿等败血症过程。革兰氏阴性和阳性细菌被吞噬细胞吞噬后,在细胞内溶酶体酶作用下,细菌细胞的胞浆蛋白和膜蛋白发生降解,细菌的外毒素或内毒素(细胞壁的脂蛋白多糖)释放入血。已证实,革兰氏阴性细菌壁的脂蛋白多     

人子宫内膜癌树突状细胞形态学研究

目的：观察树突状细胞（DC）在人子宫内膜癌组织形态结构特征.方法：绝经期妇女正常子宫内膜组织20例及子宫内膜腺癌组织35例,采用光镜和透射电镜技术观察组织DC形态结构特征.结果：与正常子宫内膜组织DC相比：光镜下,子宫内膜癌DC大多形态较规则呈圆形,但也可见到卵圆形或多角形DC;胞体显著变小,细胞膜表面树突状突起难以见到,但胞核显著减小.电镜下,子宫内膜癌DC胞膜较光滑,胞膜表面树突状胞质突起显著减少,部分突起呈粗短状;胞质中圆形而电子密度高的初级溶酶体和不规则形且电子密度高低不一的次级溶酶体多见;粗面内质网丰富;含微量絮状电子致密物的胞饮小泡显著减少;胞核显著减小,居于胞质一侧,常呈肾形或马蹄形,核内常染色质较少,异染色质多边集于核膜下.结论：人子宫内膜癌组织DC形态结构的改变,影响DC对肿瘤抗原的摄取、加工及提呈功能,进而导致机体肿瘤逃逸的发生.     

Degradation of human hair keratin scaffold implanted for repairing injured skeletal muscles.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the in vivo degradation process of human hair keratin (HHK) scaffold after implantation in rabbits. METHODS: Seven New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups including a control group and 3 operation groups. HHK scaffold was implanted, after partial resection of the skeletal muscles, in rabbits of the 3 operation groups, followed by observation 1, 3, and 6 weeks later respectively. Routine morphological observation, histochemistry with ubiquitin and electron microscopy were performed. HHK scaffold incorporated 3 types of HHK with different degradation speeds, respectively designated types F, B, and Z. RESULTS: Light microscopic observation revealed that human hair cuticles began to strip off at the first postoperative week, and the material was homogeneous on the surface of which macrophagocytes and multinuclear giant cells adhered. At the third week HHK scaffold was degraded into particles as seen under electron microscope and was phagocytosed by macrophagocytes and multinuclear giant cells. Ubiquitin enzymatic histochemistry demonstrated that macrophagocytes, multinuclear giant cells were positive at the first week. At sixth week, further degradation of HHK scaffold occurred when newly generated muscles were seen beside the HHK. CONCLUSIONS: HHK scaffold is initially degraded extracellularly by ubiquitin system into particles, which are phagocytosed by the cells and degraded by the cooperation of lysosome and ubiquitin; meanwhile the satellite cells are activated, beginning to proliferate and eventually fused into newly generated muscle fibers.     

人发角蛋白材料植入修复受损骨骼肌后降解过程的观察

目的阐明人发角蛋白(HHK)材料植入体内后的降解过程。方法7只新西兰兔随机分为术后1、3、6周实验组和正常对照组。实验组进行骨骼肌切除后植入HHK材料,按期进行常规形态学和泛肽组化观察。HHK材料由3种降解速度的F、B、Z组分混合编制而成。结果光镜形态学观察显示材料植入后第1周出现HHK材料毛小皮脱落,HHK材料呈均质状,表面附着巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞;到第3周时可见降解成颗粒的材料被巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞吞噬。泛肽酶组化显示第1周时HHK材料及其周围的巨噬细胞、多核巨细胞呈阳性反应;第6周时材料进一步降解,同时伴有新生肌肉。电镜形态学观察显示毛发被降解成小的颗粒状。结论HHK材料的降解过程中,泛肽系统首先在细胞外将大体积的HHK材料降解成颗粒,随后细胞内泛肽系统通路和溶酶体通路分别对吞入的材料颗粒进行降解,且具有协同作用;同时肌卫星细胞被活化形成新生肌组织。     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL INVESTIGAT10N OF GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE

The surface and internal ultrastructure of multinuclear giant cells and stromal cells are studied in 3 cases of giant cell tumors of bone by means of scanning electronmicroscope and transmission electronmicroscope. The fibroblast- like type of stromal cells was the principal stro- mal cell and has the function of forming collagen. Like the fibroblastic type of stromal cells, the multinuclear giant cells can also be deemed as true tumor cells. Various surface ultrastruct- ural configurations of the multinuclear giant cells can be attributed more to heightened me- tabolism than to manifestation of malignancy.     

人工晶体植入后的病理学观察

人工晶体（ＩＯＬ）植入后间隔时间不等，摘取患者眼、兔眼和小鼠腹膜外间隙内的ＩＯＬ，利用光镜和电镜进行ＩＯＬ表面膜和细胞学比较观察。其中，人眼ＩＯＬ表面的反应膜最轻微；巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞数量极少；几乎未见淋巴细胞反应。２０只家兔分为实验组和对照组，经７ｄ、２０ｄ、３４ｄ和７４ｄ组织病理学比较观察，两组并无差别。结果提示，植入的ＩＯＬ均仅引起轻度异物反应。     

小鼠脑垂体前叶细胞线形溶酶体的高压电镜观察

①目的探讨脑垂体前叶细胞线形溶酶体的功能及与圆形溶酶体之间的关系。②方法应用高压电镜细胞化学方法,观察小鼠脑垂体前叶5种内分泌细胞中酸性磷酸酶阳性的线形溶酶体。③结果线形溶酶体存在于脑垂体前叶5种内分泌细胞中,线形结构可一侧膨大或与圆形溶酶体相连并发出分支互相连接,形成一个立体的网状结构。④结论线形溶酶体并不是一种特殊类型的溶酶体,线性结构及其相连的圆形溶酶体可以认为是一个整体。     

骨巨细胞瘤体外原代培养及特性

目的观察骨巨细胞瘤体外培养细胞的形态生长特性及DNA倍体含量。方法取手术切取的骨巨细胞瘤新鲜标本8例,以组织培养法进行原代培养,观察细胞形态、生长曲线,FCM分析其倍体含量。结果骨巨细胞瘤原代培养种可见3种细胞;多核巨细胞可以长期培养。FCM分析显示:5例复发及2例原发病例是二倍体或亚二倍体,1例原发病例是非整倍体。结论单核梭形细胞是骨巨细胞瘤的主要肿瘤性成分;FCM无助于骨巨细胞瘤的预后判断。     

可疑病鼠的鼠痘病毒分离和鉴定

用可疑病鼠的肝脏及病变组织经接种鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜及ＨｅＬａ细胞分离出一株病毒，该毒株可使鸡胚颈毛尿囊膜上产生典型痘斑，通过细胞病形态、病变组织嗜酸包涵体、电镜观察及特展览因清学鉴定，证实所分离病毒符合鼠病病毒的特征。     

Degradation of human hair keratin scaffold material used to repair in-jured skeletal muscles of rabbits

Objective: To explore the mechanism of the degradation of human hair keratin (HHK) scaffold material implanted in damaged skeletal muscle tissues. Methods : Six New Zealand rabbits with HHK scaffold material implants (composed of 3 different types of HHK material with varied degradation speed) after mus-clectomy were divided into 3 groups (2 in each group) to observe the degradation of the material at 1, 3, 6 weeks after operation. Another rabbit without operation was used as the control group. The degradation of HHK was observed with light microscopy, histochemistry of ubiquitin and electron microscopy. Results: Light microscopy showed that human hair cuticles fell off from the HHK material and emerged, and the macrophagocytes and multinucleate giant cells were attached onto the surface of the material, which became homogeneous at the first postoperative week. The HHK scaffold material was degraded into particles that was phagocytosed by macrophagocytes and multinucleate giant cells at the third week. Ubiquitin enzymatic histochemistry showed that the macrophagocytes and the multinucleate giant cells were positive at the first week. Under electron microscope, HHK scaffold material was degraded into particles, and at the sixth week, part of HHK scaffold material was further degraded. Conclusion : Large mass of the HHK scaffold material is degraded via ubiquitin system, and the resultant particles are phagocytosed and degraded with the cooperation of lysosome and ubiquitin.     

Morphologic Conversion of Helicobacter Pylori from Spiral to Coccoid Form: Scanning (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Suggest Viability

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen associated with type B gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric atrophy, and stomach cancer. H. pylori exists in two morphological forms, spirals and coccoids. The latter has been described as viable but non-cultivable. The role of the coccoid form in the pathogenesis of gastric disease is disputed. Some authors consider the coccoid form to be a degenerative or dead form of H.pylori, while others consider it a resting but still metabolically active form.

This study reports the conversion from spiral to coccoid form ultrastructurally. Dense material is accumulated in the periplasmic space, the spiral bacteria bend and the outer membrane is separated from the inner cell wall layer. Remodeling of inner structures takes place, ending in the coccoid form of the bacteria with preserved light polyphosphate areas. Reduction of surface takes place by production of surface membrane vesicles, which later are squeezed off. The finding of preserved subcellular structures and intact double membranes in combination with degenerative forms suggests that some of the coccoids are viable Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates coccoid form of bacteria with slightly ruffled surfaces but no spiral forms.     

Morphologic conversion of Helicobacter pylori from spiral to coccoid form. Scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggest viability

Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen associated with type B gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric atrophy, and stomach cancer. H. pylori exists in two morphological forms, spirals and coccoids. The latter has been described as viable but non-cultivable. The role of the coccoid form in the pathogenesis of gastric disease is disputed. Some authors consider the coccoid form to be a degenerative or dead form of H. pylori, while others consider it a resting but still metabolically active form. This study reports the conversion from spiral to coccoid form ultrastructurally. Dense material is accumulated in the periplasmic space, the spiral bacteria bend and the outer membrane is separated from the inner cell wall layer. Remodeling of inner structures takes place, ending in the coccoid form of the bacteria with preserved light polyphosphate areas. Reduction of surface takes place by production of surface membrane vesicles, which later are squeezed off. The finding of preserved subcellular structures and intact double membranes in combination with degenerative forms suggests that some of the coccoids are viable. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates coccoid form of bacteria with slightly ruffled surfaces but no spiral forms.