加强营养标准化工作、促进营养学科发展

<正>一、标准的定义和标准化工作的意义标准是为了在一定范围内对实践活动获得最佳程序与结果,经协商一致制定并由公认机构批准,共同和重复使用的规则、指导原则或规范性文件。标准制定应以科学、技术和经验的综合成果为基础,以促进最佳共同效益为目的。因此,标准具有法规性、可行性、社会性的特点,是法规的重要组成部     

新营养学展望：营养、健康与可持续发展

2005年发表的吉森宣言在营养学发展史上具有里程碑意义,该宣言就新营养学的概念和研究维度达成共识。新营养学在传统营养学的基础上结合环境科学和社会学的研究内容,使之成为一个多维度的综合性学科。本文基于这一领域近年的研究进展,分别从食物营养与环境保护、生物多样性和可持续发展及与营养科学相关的社会学研究等角度探讨了食物系统与食品饮品及其所含营养成份之间的相互关系,以及这些营养物质与生物、社会和地球环境系统之间的相互联系和相互作用,并对新营养学未来的研究任务和愿景进行了展望。[营养学报,2019,41(6):521-529]     

鱼——鲜字当头营养更胜一筹

鱼,不仅营养丰富,而且美味可口。古人有"鱼之味,乃百味之味,吃了鱼,百味无味"之说。老祖宗造字,就将"鲜"字归于"鱼"部,而不入"肉"部,将鱼当作"鲜"的极品,因此,鱼历来成为人们喜爱的食品。鱼不但味道鲜美,还对人体有多种保健功能。     

EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Summary Summary This paper describes the way in which a psychologist has worked in day nurseries in an Inner London Borough. The work has involved the development of an assessment form to be used with the children, and the planning of support groups for the day nursery staff. A brief outline is given of the research design necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention. It is to be hoped that the study indicates one way in which educational psychologists may extend their range of activities into the preschool area, and maximize the use of their skills in the field of childhood disadvantage.     

NUTRITION OF THE PEDI

The traditional diet of the Pedi people, though perhaps bizarre, may meet their nutritional requirements better than modern diets dictated by Western influence.     

妇科术后拔除尿管时机的探讨

目的探讨妇科手术后拔除尿管的最佳时机,以降低留置尿管对患者术后排尿功能的影响。方法选取在我院妇科行腹式手术的患者100例,随机分成两组,每组各50例,两组均于术后48h拔尿管,观察组于输液剩余500ml时拔除尿管,对照组于输液完后立即拔除尿管,观察对比两组患者第一次排尿情况、第一次排尿量、尿潴留发生率、是否需重新导尿等情况。结果观察组和对照组在第一次排尿情况、第一次排尿量、尿潴留发生率等方面比较有显著性差异,观察组尿潴留发生率明显低于对照组。结论妇科术后留置尿管者首选于膀胱充盈时拔除尿管。     

NUTRITION AND PUBLIC HEALTH: DIVISION OF LABOUR IN THE STUDY OF NUTRITION

This article draws inferences from changes in the style of a nutrition journal which was originally published by the Commonwealth Department of Health, and is now published by the Australian Dietitians' Association. The changes reflect developments in the field of nutrition, towards more ‘scientific’ styles of inquiry and publishing, against the backdrop of a division of labour in which (mainly male) laboratory scientists produced scientific knowledge which was then communicated by (mainly female) dietitians and nutritionists. Consistent with the approach of the ‘new public health’, this paper argues that reliance upon ‘scientific’ methods alone diverts attention from the social, economic and political conditions which help explain not only the improvements earlier in the century, but current difficulties in bringing about further improvements.     

2010～2017年度国家自然科学基金人类营养领域资助情况简介

目的分析2010~2017年度国家自然科学基金人类营养(申请代码H2603)领域的资助情况,为该领域基金项目的申请者提供参考。方法收集科学基金网络信息系统、申请书和结题报告中的相关信息。结果 8年来该领域共资助402项,总金额19072万元,近年来资助数和资助金额处于上升趋势。共有92个依托单位的298人获该领域资助,资助数前10名的依托单位共获202项(50.25%)。面上项目中获资助人员平均年龄44.74岁,近几年正高职称比例明显降低。青年科学基金项目获资助人员平均年龄32.13岁,每年女性均超过男性,女性所占比例达68.57%,近年来获资助人员具有副高及以上职称比例显著降低。关注的营养物质包括ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素D、碘以及植物化学物中的白藜芦醇、槲皮素和花色苷等,研究结局主要关注糖尿病/胰岛素抵抗、肿瘤、肥胖、认知功能等。结题报告显示发表SCI论文逐年上升,2012年面上项目结题平均发表SCI论文数5.32篇,2013年青年科学基金项目结题平均发表SCI论文数2.46篇。结论人类营养领域获资助项目关注营养与疾病关系的研究,资助数稳中有升,结题质量逐年提升。有较好研究基础的依托单位优势明显,并且竞争加剧,低职称和女性科技人员成长迅速。