慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作患者流感病毒检测结果

目的了解流感病毒感染在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性发作期患者中的检出情况。方法应用GICA法检测呼吸科住院COPD急性发作患者鼻咽部分泌物中的流感病毒(Flu)A、B抗原。结果268例COPD患者中检出Flu A、B感染患者共28例,检出率10.4%。Flu A、B检出率比较,两者检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.3,P>0.05),Flu感染后全身中毒症状明显。结论 COPD急性发作患者中流感病毒检出率高,症状不典型,均应引起重视。     

Detection of seasonal H3N2 influenza A virus by type-specific TaqMan minor groove binder probe assay

Despite the emergence of the pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus in 2009, seasonal H3N2 viruses continue to co-circulate in the population and may even predominate in the coming influenza season. We describe a specific minor groove binder TaqMan assay for H3N2 viruses with a detection limit of 16.5 standard DNA copies.     

广州地区无偿献血人群中H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体的分布及水平

目的 探讨H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体在广州地区无偿献血人群中的分布及水平,为研究广州地区流感流行病学特征提供参考.方法 于2015年10～11月,采用年龄分层随机抽样法选择广州血液中心无偿献血的498例健康献血者为研究对象.按年龄将其分为18～20岁组(n=150)、21～30岁组(n=210)、31～60岁组(n=138).采用微量病毒中和实验法测定献血者血浆中H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体滴度,并分别对不同性别及年龄段H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体阳性率及滴度进行统计学分析.结果 498例健康献血者中,H1N1流感病毒中和抗体阳性率为3.6％ (18/480);H3N2流感病毒中和抗体阳性率为4.6％ (23/498),2种流感病毒中和抗体阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.636,P=0.425).156例男性献血者中,H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体阳性率分别为3.8％(6/156)和4.5％(7/156);342例女性献血者中H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体阳性的率分别为3.2％(11/342)和4.4％(15/342).不同性别献血者H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2 =0.129、0.003,P＞0.05).18～20岁组、21～30岁组和31～60岁组献血者H1N1流感病毒中和抗体阳性率分别为4.0％、5.2％和0.7％;H3N2流感病毒中和抗体阳性率分别为6.0％、5.2％和2.2％.不同年龄组献血者H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2=4.961、2.705,P＞0.05).18～20岁组、21～30岁组和31～60岁献血者H1N1流感病毒中和抗体几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为1∶1.38、1∶1.48和1∶1.05,平均为1∶1.32;H3N2流感病毒中和抗体GMT分别为1∶1.62、1∶1.51和1∶1.19,平均为1∶1.44.3组献血者H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体滴度比较,差异均无统计学意义(x2 =4.887、2.702,P＞0.05).结论 广州地区无偿献血人群中H1N1和H3N2流感病毒中和抗体水平较低,不同性别和年龄人群对流感病毒普遍易感.     

甲型流感病毒抗原及核酸检测联合应用研究

目的:通过大样本流感样病例检测,明确抗原检测与核酸检测两种方法联合应用原则,从而快速明确流感诊断,控制流感暴发,减少资源浪费。方法:采集2019年1月至2020年1月北京同仁医院发热门诊的4 622份流感样病例咽拭子标本,其中流感季3 230份,非流感季1 392份,采用快速抗原法和实时荧光逆转录聚合酶链反应（qPCR...     

杭州地区2009甲型H1N1流感重症患儿中人类偏肺病毒感染状况研究

目的了解杭州地区2009甲型H1N1流感（以下简称甲流）重症患儿中人类偏肺病毒（hMPV）的感染状况。方法采集2009年11月至2010年1月确诊为甲流重症患儿的呼吸道样本79份,用传统逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）、荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测hMPV及其他呼吸道病毒。选择hMPV阳性样本PCR扩增产物进行核苷酸测序,将所测序列与GenBank比对分析,并绘制基因进化树。结果79份甲流病毒阳性样本中,hMPV及其它呼吸道病毒阳性率20．25％（16,79）,hMPV阳性PCR扩增产物4份,占甲流重症病例的5．06％（4,79）。其中3份hMPV阳性PCR扩增产物核苷酸序列相似性为99．1％～99．5％,与广东省流行株GD．165,泰国株155N及B1代表株高度相似,并且被GenBank收录。结论杭州地区确诊感染的2009甲型H1N1流感重症病例中存在与hMPV共同感染状况,且hMPV均为B1基因型。     

泉州市流感疫情实验室检测及H3N2亚型基因特性分析

目的 了解2009年泉州地区流感流行及病毒株的变异情况,探讨流感病毒基因的变异与流感流行的关系.方法 对泉州市198例流感患者的咽拭子采用MDCK细胞培养进行病毒分离,经血清学试验鉴定分型和实时荧光RT-PCR方法检测病毒核酸.对其中4株毒株提取病毒RNA,采用RT-PCR扩增病毒HA1基因,纯化产物进行核苷酸序列测定,用DNAstar megalign软件分析基因.结果 198份咽拭子中有98份为H3N2亚型流感病毒核酸阳性,分离到62株H3N2亚型流感病毒,HA1基因经核苷酸序列测定显示,其基因特性更接近于A/Ningbo/333/2008,核苷酸同源性为98.7%,与A/Xiamen/70/2004的同源性为96.8%,由HA1基因核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸系列与疫苗株A/Brisbane/10/2007相比,有7个氨基酸位点发生变异,其中有1个位点位于抗原决定簇A区(144),有2个位点位于抗原决定簇B区(158、189),种系发生树分析也证实HA1基因存在一定差异.结论引起2009年泉州市流感在部分集体单位流行的病毒为H3N2亚型,其基因特性和抗原性与疫苗株相比均发生了一定变异.

Abstract：

Objective To obtain the information of the 2009 influenza outbreak and the variations of influenza virus strains in quanzhou, and explore the relationship between the genetic variation of influenza virus and influenza epidemic. Methods During the influenza outbreak in quanzhou,one hundred and ninetyeight throat swabs specimens from the patients with influenza were collected. Viruses were isolated with MDCK cells and identified with serological test, followed by real-time RT-PCR. RNA of four influenza virus strains were extracted, then HA1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The purified PCR products were sequenced. The data were analyzed with the software DNAstar megalign. Results Total 98 pieces of H3N2 subtype influenza virus nucleic acid were detected in 198 throat swabs specimens,among which 62 influenza virus strains were identified as subtype influenza A( H3N2 ). The sequencing results of HA1 gene in these positive strains showed that their genetic characterization were more closed to strains A/Ningbo/333/2008 with a nucleotide homology of 98.7%, which was 96.8% as compared with A/Xiamen/70/2004. The amino acids sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences in HA1 region of the isolated strain had 7 mutant sites compared with A/Brisbane/10/2007 vaccine strain. One variant amino acids were found located in the antigenic determinant sites A( 144 ), two were in the sites B( 158,189 ). Phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the difference in HAl domain. Conclusion The influenza virus strains causing the flu outbreak among some communities of quanzhou in 2009 are subtype influenza A ( H3N2 ), whose genetic characterization and antigenicity were different from the vaccine strain.     

48例儿童甲型H1N1流感病例临床分析

目的探讨儿童甲型H1N1流感患者的临床特征和治疗特点。方法回顾分析广东省人民医院2009年9月19日～12月30日收治的48例住院儿童甲型H1N1流感病例的临床资料,总结其临床特征及治疗经验。结果 14例为轻症患儿,30例为重症患儿,4例为危重症患儿。48例确诊病例均为本地发病者,其中10例有明确的甲型H1N1流感患者接触史。表现为发热（100%）,咳嗽（93.8%）,气促（35.4%）,喘息（25%）,呼吸困难（4.16%）,腹泻（12.5%）;50%患儿合并肺炎,2例并发心肌炎,5例患儿合并胸腔积液,其中2例出现呼吸衰竭;75%患儿白细胞正常或减低,45.8%患儿有肌酸激酶（CK）增高。按照卫生部《甲型H1N1流感诊疗方案（2009年第三版）》给予奥司他韦抗病毒、预防感染、吸氧、营养心肌及对症支持治疗,积极治疗基础疾病,必要时给予呼吸机支持、胸腔穿刺引流,所有患儿均痊愈。结论甲型H1N1流感患儿临床表现以呼吸系统症状为主,肺炎是常见并发症,少数患儿合并胸腔积液,甚至出现呼吸衰竭;接近半数患儿伴有不同程度心肌酶损害,少数并发心肌炎;尚未发现神经系统并发症;奥司他韦治疗敏感,采取综合治疗预后良好。     

荧光RT-PCR对乙型流感病毒爆发的检测

目的探讨荧光RT-PCR方法对乙型流感病毒爆发的诊断价值。方法采集暴发性疫情的流感样病例的咽拭子,提取病毒RNA,PCR方法分别检测甲型和乙型流感病毒的核酸。然后,对核酸检测阳性标本进行MDCK培养,经红细胞凝集和凝集抑制试验对病毒进行鉴定和分型。结果 18份咽拭子中15份乙型流感病毒核酸呈阳性,甲型流感病毒未检出;15份乙型流感病毒核酸阳性标本经MDCK培养,9份标本发生细胞病变,经鉴定和分型,都属于乙型流感病毒Victoria系。结论 RT-PCR方法对乙型流感病毒爆发的检测具有快速、敏感和高度特异性的特点。本地区爆发的乙型流感病毒为乙型流感病毒Victoria系,提示在今后决定我国疫苗成份时应考虑地区流行的特点。     

Stability of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus varies across different paper types

IntroductionThe assessment of the risk of virus transmission through papers, such as postcards, is important. However, the stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) on different types of papers is currently unknown. Investigation of the survival time of these viruses on different types of papers will provide insights into their risk of long-distance transport by postal items.MethodsWe evaluated the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and IAV, mixed with a culture medium, on the surface of postcards with various coatings, including plain paper (PP), inkjet paper (IP), and inkjet photo paper (IPP). The surface structure of each paper was microscopically assessed.ResultsThe surface structures of PP, IP, and IPP varied greatly depending on the presence or absence, and type, of coat layer, regardless of the base material. IP and IPP surfaces were less conducive to virus survival than PP surfaces, because of the difference in surface shapes. The survival times of SARS-CoV-2 on each paper were approximately 59.8 (PP), 6.5 (IP), and 9.8 h (IPP), and significantly longer than those of IAV (10.3, 1.8, and 3.3 h, respectively).ConclusionsThe risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via paper, such as postcards, is significantly higher than that of IAV transmission. While PP, IP, and IPP have the same base material, their surface structures differ, which affects viral stability. The IP and IPP surfaces are less suitable for virus survival. This study provides novel insights into the risks of viral transmission via paper.     

甲型H1N1流感肺炎的胸部CT表现及动态变化特点

目的 探讨甲型H1N1流感肺炎的胸部CT表现及动态变化. 方法 对60例甲型H1N1流感确诊患者进行胸部CT扫描(含HRCT),回顾性分析、比较病变的影像学特点及动态变化并进行半定量CT评分. 结果 甲型H1N1流感胸部CT表现及动态变化特点:①主要表现为片状肺实质渗出病灶,早期和吸收期主要CT表现为磨玻璃密度影;②两肺小叶性或节段性散在分布,以胸膜下和支气管周围多见,下叶较重;③肺组织、胸膜及纵隔受累可同时存在;④病程早期CT评分4.41且逐渐下降,渗出性病灶短期内吸收较快,后期遗留纤维化病变CT评分1.64分. 结论甲型H1N1流感肺炎的动态胸部CT表现具有一定特征性.熟悉其胸部CT表现有助于该病的诊断、鉴别诊断与疗效观察,但确诊需依靠流行病学史及实验室检查.     

流感病毒快速检测法在北京地区2007-2008年流感季节中的应用

目的 分析评价采用流感病毒快速检测法诊治流感的应用价值.方法 前瞻性选择2007年12月-2008年3月流感季节在北京朝阳医院发热门诊就诊的符合卫生部流感样病例患者500例,留取咽部分泌物进行流感病毒培养,随机选取260例患者进行流感病毒快速检测,并调查患者性别、年龄、症状、实验室检查、症状恢复时间、治疗花费等因素.同时分析流感病毒培养阳性组与流感病毒快速检测组的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,及对治疗方案和预后的影响.结果 2007-2008年流感季节共入选流感样病例500例,最终498例纳入分析,病毒培养结果主要为乙型流感(208例,41.8%),而甲型流感少见(51例,10.2%).498例流感样患者的平均年龄为35岁,男:女比例为1.47:1.与培养阴性组比较,培养阳性组咳嗽、咽痛、鼻塞症状比例比较高(t值分别为13.728、4.014和4.720,P均<0.01或0.05).260例经流感病毒快速检测患者中,甲型流感抗原阳性18例、乙型流感抗原阳性132例,流感病毒快速检测的敏感度77.1%、特异度70.1%、阳性预测值78.6%、阴性预测值68.2%.流感病毒快速检测抗病毒治疗的比例由0提高到26%,抗生素使用比例由63.4%降到20.7%.结论 2007-2008年流感季节主要流感类型为乙型流感,流感病毒快速检测法对临床病例检测敏感度和特异度较高,对临床抗病毒诊治有指导意义.     

Relapse of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura caused by influenza A virus infection: a case report

We report a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in remission, who relapsed as a result of an influenza A virus infection. A 41-year-old woman presented with fever elevation, coughing, and generalized petechiae. Her platelet count had decreased to 1 × 10⁹/l. She had been diagnosed with ITP at age 23, and continuous complete remission had followed steroid therapy and splenectomy. Influenza A antigen was positive in her pharyngeal aspirate, and oseltamivir was effective for her symptoms. Findings of a bone marrow smear were typical for ITP. Steroid therapy resulted in a second complete remission. Although the development of ITP caused by influenza infection and a relapse caused by an influenza vaccination have been previously described, a relapse caused by a sporadic infection has never been documented to our knowledge. Physicians should carefully monitor the hematological data of influenza patients, especially those with ITP, even in remission.     

危重症甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎的多层螺旋CT表现

目的：探讨危重症甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎患者的多层螺旋CT的影像学特点。方法：回顾性分析21例确诊的危重症甲型H1N1流感患者的64层螺旋CT影像资料。结果：21例患者中,①所有病变均表现为双侧分布,且主要为弥漫性分布,多灶性病变以中下肺叶为主。其中累及右肺上叶9例,右肺中叶14例,右肺下叶19例,左肺上叶9例,左肺下叶19例。②病变形态表现为：支气管血管束增粗（21/21,100%）,小叶中心结节（12/21,57.1%）,小叶间隔增厚（9/21,42.9%）,网状结节（3/21,14.3%）,磨玻璃样密度影（14/21,66.7%）,斑片融合影（7/21,33.3%）,大片实变密度影（9/21,42.9%）,支气管气象（5/21,23.8%）。③胸膜腔积液（8/21,38.1%,其中5例单侧,3例双侧）;淋巴结肿大（9/21,42.9%,其中5例腋窝淋巴结肿大,3例纵隔淋巴结肿大,2例腋窝、纵隔均淋巴结肿大）;胸膜肥厚（12/21,57.1%）;心包积液（1/21,4.76%）。④9例复查危重症甲型H1N1流感患者中3例死亡者首诊MSCT见双肺中下叶斑片及实变密度影、磨玻璃密度影。复查见病变进展迅速,双肺实变明显,死于呼吸衰竭。6例好转者肺内病变明显吸收,仅遗留少许索条或小斑片状影。结论：危重症甲型H1N1流感病毒肺炎64层螺旋CT主要表现为双肺内弥漫分布的磨玻璃密度影及多灶性实变影,多同时累及肺实质及肺间质,可伴有胸膜腔积液、淋巴结肿大、胸膜肥厚等。病程进展以磨玻璃密度影及实变影范围扩大为主要标志。     

B型流感病毒相关研究进展

B型流感病毒为季节性流感病毒的一种,每年在人群中呈不同程度的流行。B型流感病毒与A型流感病毒在基因结构和编码蛋白等方面存在差异,主要引起局部暴发和流行,并倾向于感染特定人群,因此除典型的感染症状外还易引起并发症。在一些流行季节,B型流感病毒造成的疾病负担甚至超过A型流感病毒。应加强B型流感病毒的监测和相关研究工作,为B型流感疫苗的推荐和新型药物的研发提供更多的科学依据。     

危重症甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒肺炎的临床特征——附17例报告

目的:探讨危重症甲型H1N1流行性感冒病毒(甲流)肺炎患者的主要临床特点,分析各临床检验指标与病情严重程度的关系。方法:收集入住呼吸重症监护病房(RICU)的17例危重症甲流肺炎患者的临床资料,归纳分析其临床特征。结果:17例患者以发热、咽痛、咳嗽、肌肉酸痛为主要症状。双肺多发实变影12例(71%)。入院后白细胞为(3.4～25.1)×109/L,中性粒细胞(2.72～21.84)×109/L,中性粒细胞比例58.6%～96.4%,淋巴细胞5.1%～21.6%。CRP 34.6～381.9 mg/L,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)310～820 U/L,白蛋白<30 g/L10例(59%),ALT升高6例(35%),血清肌酐升高5例(29%),脑钠肽升高4例(24%)。氧合指数<300 mm Hg 13例(76%)。均予奥司他韦治疗,气管插管机械通气支持治疗3例(18%)。死亡2例(12%),均为男性,均为气管插管机械通气者。结论:LDH、CRP升高、炎性细胞增多提示危重症甲流肺炎患者肺部损害加重;机械通气支持治疗对于部分肺内广泛实变者效果不理想,且相关的并发症是部分患者病情加重或死亡的促发因素。     

系统性红斑狼疮合并甲型H1N1流感重症型死亡1例

患者女,27岁.以"双手遇冷变白变紫7年,流涕5天,喘憋1天"为主诉于2009年10月20日入院治疗.查体:体温、血压均正常.双手皮肤发紫,皮温低,面部红斑,咽稍充血,双侧扁桃体不大,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及干湿啰音.三尖瓣听诊区、主动脉瓣听诊区可闻及舒张期3级隆隆样杂音.双踝关节肿胀无压痛.入院诊断:系统性红斑狼疮;肺动脉高压;阑尾切除术后.入院后给予对症、扩血管、激素、抗风湿等药物治疗,患者症状逐渐好转.于2009年11月18日患者出现咳嗽、咯少量白痰,2009年11月19日出现咳嗽、咯痰加重,胸部正位片示:双下肺纹理粗重,余未见异常(图1A).     

A new RT-PCR assay specific for influenza A(H2), multiplexed with an assay specific for HPAI A(H5N1)

Worldwide efforts are ongoing to improve influenza pandemic preparedness, including from the perspective of the clinical virology laboratory. In particular, much work has been devoted to the development of diagnostic assays targeted at the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1); much less efforts have been devoted to the A(H2) subtype. Yet, A(H2) subtype has a proven capacity to cause pandemics and is among the subtypes prioritized for surveillance and control. Although the human A(H2N2) virus that caused the pandemic of 1957 no longer circulates, many related avian A(H2) viruses circulate in avian population and could conceivably adapt to infect humans and cause a new pandemic.In this study the design and development of an RT-PCR assay specific for A(H2) subtype is presented. It is shown that the assay is highly sensitive and specific, able to detect human and avian A(H2) viruses, and can be incorporated into a multiplex assay with another previously described assay for HPAI A(H5N1).     

甲型H1N1流感的胸部影像学表现

目的 观察甲型H1N1流感患者的胸片及CT表现。 方法 回顾性分析51例甲型H1N1流感患者(实验室确诊47例,临床诊断4例)初始胸片及CT检查的病变表现形式、分布特点及病变程度。 结果 甲型H1N1流感患者的胸片及CT检查最主要表现是双侧或单侧多发磨玻璃密度影,伴或不伴单发或多发实变区。CT显示病变主要沿支气管血管周围中心肺区和(或)胸膜下区分布。 结论 影像学诊断甲型H1N1流感时,结合病史非常重要。     

一步法实时荧光RT-PCR在快速检测甲型流感病毒中的应用

目的建立一种能快速检测甲型流感病毒的一步法实时荧光PCR方法,对样本进行准确检测。方法以甲型流感病毒特异M基因的保守区为靶区域设计特异引物和TaqMan荧光探针,建立一步法实时荧光RT-PCR方法,并对乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒Long株、冠状病毒OC43及229E、副流感病毒1、2、3型以及季节性流感病毒H1、H3进行检测,验证该方法的特异性和灵敏度,并对临床样本进行检测应用。结果所建立的一步法实时荧光RT-PCR可对甲型流感病毒进行特异扩增,操作方便快速,对H1和H3亚型的最低检出限可达0.01TCID50/ml;对384例临床咽拭子样本的检测准确度达99.5%。结论本研究建立的一步法实时荧光RT-PCR方法可实现对甲型流感病毒快速准确的检测,有助于对临床流感病例的快速诊断。     

广东地区新甲型H1N1流感病毒对奥司他韦的耐药性分析

目的 调查广东省2009年新甲型H1N1流感病毒对奥司他韦的耐药情况,为临床用药提供指导,监测流感流行株的变异趋势.方法 2009年4-12月,对广东省流感监测哨点医院收集患者鼻咽拭子,用MDCK细胞或者鸡胚,分离得到流感毒株221株.利用神经氨酸酶化学荧光抑制实验检测毒株对奥司他韦的IC50,筛选出对神经氨酸酶抑制剂...