硫酸生产工人肺功能状况调查

硫酸生产工人肺功能状况调查孟云朱明亮为观察硫酸生产工人的肺功能状况,对某硫酸厂１２０名生产工人和６８名不接触硫酸的对照组工人肺功能状况进行了测定与分析,现报告如下。１对象和方法选择该厂焙烧、净化、转化、吸收工段的３年以上工龄的工人进行肺功能测定,去除...     

硬质合金企业作业人员职业健康结果分析

为探讨硬金属粉尘对作业工人的职业健康影响,对479名接触钨合金粉尘及303名非粉尘作业工人进行高仟伏胸片、肺功能、心电图、肝功能等检查。结果表明,观察组与对照组间工人的咳痰、气急、胸闷、呼吸困难检出率差异均有统计学意义,胸片和肺功能异常率差异均无统计学意义;但肺通气功能中FEV_(1.0)/FVC、肺小气道通气功能中PEF的差异均有统计学意义;心电图异常率差异有统计学意义。硬金属粉尘对工人肺小气道通气功能的影响需进一步研究,应加强对作业工人肺通气功能、心电图等异常人群的观察。     

某陶瓷企业接尘工人肺功能分析

目的 了解某陶瓷企业粉尘对工人肺功能的影响，为尘肺防治提供科学依据。方法对147例陶瓷生产工人和50名对照组分别进行肺功能测定。结果 肺通气功能测定显示暴露工龄5a～组和10a～组VC、FVC、PEF、FEF 75％明显低于对照组，10a～组FEV，低于其他3组，暴露组FEF25-75、FEF25%。明显低于对照组。暴露组肺通气功能和小气道通气功能异常率高于对照组，其中10a～组与对照组的差异有统计学意义。结论 粉尘对该企业接尘工人的肺功能有危害，且随着工龄增加损伤程度加重。     

水泥作业工人肺功能测定分析

水泥为人工合成的无定型硅酸盐 ,原料为石灰石和粘土 ,混以少量铁和石膏 ,它的生产工艺过程复杂 ,具体包括 :采石、生料、烧成、熟料等四部分。由于不同作业环境空气中粉尘浓度、二氧化硅含量不同 ,对工人的健康损害情况也各异 ,为此本次对不同工种作业工人的肺功能进行测定分析。1　对象与方法1 1　调查对象　　接尘组为某水泥厂接触水泥尘的男性工人 2 14例 ,其中接触生料工人 12 7例 ,接触熟料工人 87例 ,另选不接触粉尘作业、劳动强度、身高、工龄、生活习惯等相仿男工 61人 ,两组的吸烟率相近 (分别为 32 .12 %和 31.44 % ) ,基本情况…     

磨工粉尘对接尘工人肺功能影响的调查

目的 比较磨工粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响.方法 对147名磨工粉尘作业工人和89名对照组进行了通气功能测定.结果 接触组的VC、FVC、MMEF、FEY1.0、FEY1.0/FVC%等指标的实测值及实测值占预计值的比值均校对照组低,且多具有统计学意义.结论 长期接触磨工粉尘可引起肺通气功能的改变.     

广州地区1606名粉尘作业工人的肺功能状况调查

目的明确粉尘暴露、年龄、工龄、吸烟对粉尘作业相关人员肺功能的影响,为尘肺病的防治和管理提供科学依据。方法抽取在广州市第十二人民医院接受体检并做肺功能检查项目的1606名粉尘作业人员作为观察组,同时抽取相同体检情况下的1606名非接尘人员作为参照组进行比较。结果 2组肺功能检查结果比较,观察组FVC为（87.37±10.29）、FEV1.0为（87.39±11.50）、FEV1.0/FVC为（83.57±16.86）,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.01））。对照组肺功能异常240例,异常发生率为14.9%;观察组肺功能异常583例,异常发生率为36.3%。其中观察组中水泥粉尘异常率最高（49.5%）,金属粉尘最低（30.3%）。职业粉尘暴露中电焊烟尘、金属粉尘、砂轮磨尘、水泥粉尘、煤尘、其他粉尘暴露均为肺功能异常的危险因素,其OR值及95%CI分别为2.58（2.00,3.33）、2.03（1.57,2.64）、3.16（2.06,5.47）、3.41（1.88,6.20）、2.29（1.35,3.88）、3.07（2.15,4.91）;职业粉尘暴露与工龄、吸烟存在协同作用,可使肺功能异常危险度增加（均P〈0.05）。结论广州地区各种主要粉尘暴露均会造成作业人群的肺功能明显下降,建议积极开展戒烟及针对长工龄作业工人采取更完善的个人监护措施。     

烟草粉尘对接触工人肺功能损害的调查分析

将接触烟草粉尘的175名男工、126名女工的肺功能指标从多个方面与同一地区非接尘的对照组进行比较.结果 显示不论男女,FVC%、FEV1%,MMEF%、V50%、V25%观察组均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义.观察组MMEF%、V50%、V25%异常个体比率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义.吸烟、专业工龄延长可加重这些变化.     

陶瓷企业接尘工人肺功能研究

目的 探讨陶瓷粉尘作业工人肺功能损伤的特征。 方法 采用美能(日本) AS507型肺功能仪,测定某陶瓷厂"无尘肺"的967名接尘工人(接尘组)和197名非接尘健康工人(对照组)的肺通气功能。 结果 陶瓷粉尘总尘浓度为0.10~2.95 mg/m3,总尘浓度超标率为14.29%,呼吸性粉尘浓度超标率为3.57%;粉尘中游离SiO₂含量为21.3%~43.0%。接尘组VC、FVC、FEV 1、FEV 1%、FEF 25%和FEF 50%的数值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。接尘组肺通气功能损伤和小气道损伤的发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接尘的吸烟者VC、FEV1和FEV1%数值与非吸烟者相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。接尘工人肺通气功能损伤发生率为7.45%(72/967),其中轻度损伤者占98.61%(71/72),限制性肺通气功能损伤占97.22%(70/72)。 结论 陶瓷粉尘可引起接尘工人肺功能的损伤,其损伤程度以轻度为多,损伤类型以限制型损伤为主。肺功能损伤主要与粉尘、接尘工龄、工种和吸烟等因素有关。     

Respiratory dysfunction in swine production facility workers: Dose-response relationships of environmental exposures and pulmonary function

Human respiratory health hazards for people working in livestock confinement buildings have been recognized since 1974. However, before comprehensive control programs can be implemented, more knowledge is needed of specific hazardous substances present in the air of these buildings, and at what concentrations they are harmful. Therefore, a medical epidemiological and exposure-response study was conducted on 207 swine producers using intensive housing systems (108 farms). Dose-response relationships between pulmonary function and exposures are reported here. Positive correlations were seen between change in pulmonary function over a work period and exposure to total dust, respirable dust, ammonia, respirable endotoxin, and the interactions of age-of-producer and dust exposure and years-of-working-in-the-facility and dust exposure. Relationships between baseline pulmonary function and exposures were not strong and therefore, not pursued in this study. The correlations between exposure and response were stronger after 6 years of exposure. Multiple regression models were used to identify total dust and ammonia as the two primary environmental predictors of pulmonary function decrements over a work period. The regression models were then used to determine exposure concentrations related to pulmonary function decrements suggestive of a health hazard. Total dust concentrations ? 2.8 mg/m³ were predictive of a work period decrement of ? 10% in FEV₁. Ammonia concentrations of ? 7.5 ppm were predictive of a ? 3% work period decrement in FEV₁. These predictive concentrations were similar to a previous doseresponse study, which suggested 2.5 mg/m³ of total dust and 7 ppm of NH₃ were associated with significant work period decrements. Therefore, dust ? 2.8 mg/m³ and ammonia ? 7.5 ppm should be considered reasonable evidence for guidelines regarding hazardous exposure concentrations in this work environment.     

Lung function in Pakistani wood workers

The lung function impairment is the most common respiratory problem in industrial plants and their vicinity. Therefore, the purpose was to study the affects of wood dust and its duration of exposure on lung function. This was a matched cross-sectional study of Spirometry in 46 non-smoking wood workers with age range 20 - 60 years, who worked without the benefit of wood dust control ventilation or respiratory protective devices. Pulmonary function test was performed by using an electronic Spirometer. Significant reduction was observed in the mean values of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) in wood workers relative to their matched controls. This impairment was increased with the duration of exposure to wood industries. It is concluded that lung function in wood workers is impaired and stratification of results shows a dose-response effect of years of wood dust exposure on lung function.     

重庆市635例煤尘作业工人上岗前职业健康检查结果

目的为了解重庆市长寿区小型煤矿工人上岗前的健康状况,及时发现职业健康损害,检出职业禁忌证或疑似职业病,为尘肺病的防治和管理工作提供科学依据。方法依据《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》《职业健康监护技术规范》和《尘肺诊断标准》,对该区小型煤矿企业的635名煤尘作业人员上岗前进行职业健康检查,检查时间为2009--2012年。结果煤尘作业工人岗前检查635人,各检查项目异常的235例,总检出率为37．00％。检出疑似煤工尘肺19例（最后均确诊为煤工尘肺）,检出率为2．99％。635名上岗前职业健康检查的工人中97．22％的职工有1年以上煤矿工作职业史,疑似尘肺检出率随着接尘工人年龄及接尘工龄的增加而增高。结论企业应做好岗前、在岗、离岗的职业健康检查工作,而卫生机构在继续加强尘肺病防治工作的同时也应加强煤矿工人慢性病,尤其是心血管系统疾病、胃十二指肠疾病的防治工作。     

Pulmonary function of workers in the aluminum industry

The effects of aluminum on the pulmonary function of aluminum workers were investigated in this study. Serum aluminum levels and spirometry were measured in 55 male workers and 30 male controls. The mean serum aluminum level of workers (72.7 ± 9.9 ng/ml) was significantly high compared to that of controls, indicating aluminum toxicity. Spirometric parameters were significantly lower in workers than in controls and correlated negatively with both exposure time and serum aluminum levels. The impairment in pulmonary function may be due to exposure time and insufficient protection. Am. J. Ind. Med. 33:305–307, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

甲醛对作业工人呼吸系统及肺功能影响

目的 探讨甲醛对作业工人呼吸系统及肺功能的影响。方法 运用职业流行病学调查方法,对65名甲醛作业工人(暴露组)和70名对照工人呼吸系统症状进行问卷调查和肺功能测定。结果 结果表明,暴露组流泪、流涕、疲乏无力、记忆力减退、腹痛和咳嗽等6项自觉症状的出现率与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺功能测定结果暴露组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。作业组工人主要以小气道通气功能异常为主,且工龄越长肺功能损伤越严重。结论 工人刺激症状明显,导致工人阻塞性肺功能通气功能障碍,肺功能测定可为作业工人健康监护的理想指标。     

Pulmonary function and intradermal tests in workers exposed to soft-paper dust

A survey was carried out in the processing department of a paper mill, consisting of environmental and personal monitoring, a short questionnaire concerning chronic non-specific lung disease (CNSLD), spirometry, and intradermal tests. Spirometry was performed on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Exposures to paper dust regularly exceeded the Dutch Maximal Allowable Concentrations (MACs) for total and respirable dust. There were indications of a qualitatively different exposure to molds inside the mill in comparison with the outdoor air. A comparison between a group of workers exposed to paper dust and a control group showed significantly more persons with positive late and delayed intradermal test reactions in the exposed population. The analysis of the spirometric measurements after correction for differences between the groups in age, height, and smoking habits gave evidence of the existence of lower FEV1, MMEF, MEF50, and MEF25 among exposed workers with a positive immediate intradermal reaction on Friday. The same workers showed a decline in pulmonary function over the week compared with the controls. These changes suggest an obstructive airway reaction with an immunologic mechanism to dust exposure in a paper mill.     

烟草粉尘对卷烟厂作业工人的肺脏损害

对蚌埠市卷烟行业接触烟草粉尘的２１６名生产工人进行了综合性调查和探讨。发现烟草粉尘可导致肺功能改变，并对肺脏有明显损害。经胸部摄片，诊断出烟草工人尘肺５例。通过１６０名卷烟工人的死因调查，死于呼吸系统疾病的居首位，占３７．５％，说明烟草尘是损害肺脏的有害粉尘。因此改进卷烟行业的工艺流程、加强通风防尘措施、定期对作业工人进行体格检查，是卷烟厂迫切需要解决的重要课题。     

天津市电焊烟尘接触人群分布特征及肺功能异常情况分析

目的 了解天津市电焊烟尘接触人群分布特征及肺功能异常情况,为指导和实施干预措施提供科学依据。方法 通过天津市重点职业病监测,收集2019年天津市电焊烟尘接触人群分布特征和肺通气功能检查资料,χ2检验比较不同分组间肺功能指标的差别。结果 天津市电焊烟尘接触人群以18～40岁男性为主,接触工龄多数在10年以下,主要分布在远郊辖区及滨海新区,以外商经济和私有经济为主,大型企业、汽车制造业人数最多。肺功能检查指标FVC%、FEV1%和FEV1/FVC异常率分别为1.27%、1.88%和1.42%,三项指标异常率均随年龄增长和接触工龄延长呈上升趋势（χ2 = 3.432,χ2 = 3.439,χ2 = 3.112,χ2 = 7.501,χ2 = 10.449,χ2 = 12.851,P＜0.001）,不具有性别差异;不同行业间肺功能指标异常率差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 369.743,χ2 = 439.315,χ2 = 724.460,P＜0.001）,石油和天然气开采业FEV1 / FVC 异常率达11.77%。结论 通过开展重点职业病监测工作,初步掌握重点职业病危害电焊烟尘接触人群的分布特征及不同因素间肺功能指标异常情况,找出应关注的重点行业和重点人群,为实施精准职业病防控措施提供依据。     

Respiratory function in animal food processing workers

A group of 71 men employed in animal food processing was studied to assess the prevalence of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and the presence of lung function abnormalities. In addition, a control group of 55 unexposed men was studied for the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms. A significantly higher prevalence for most of the chronic respiratory symptoms was found among the exposed workers compared to the control workers. Those workers who smoked had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, chronic bronchitis, and chest tightness than the smokers in the control group. For nonsmokers, the differences between exposed and control workers were significant for chronic phlegm and chest tightness. The frequency of acute symptoms associated with the work shift was high among the animal food workers. There were significantly lower measured values for FVC, FEV1, and FEF50 in the exposed group (smokers and nonsmokers) compared to predicted lung function values. In smokers, all measured parameters of ventilatory capacity were significantly less than predicted; for nonsmokers, the FVC and FEV1 were less than normal. Our data indicate that exposure to dust in the animal food industry may be associated with the development of acute and chronic respiratory symptoms and the impairment of lung function. Smoking, in this setting, appears to aggravate these changes.