经皮内镜下胃空肠造瘘术的临床观察和护理

经皮内镜下胃造瘘术（PEG）是在内镜引导下,经腹部皮肤穿刺放置胃造瘘管,直接给予胃肠营养支持,提高患者生活质量的一种手术方法。经皮内镜下胃空肠造瘘术（PEGJ）是PEG成功后经胃造瘘管置入空肠营养管的内镜下经皮胃造瘘术,是20世纪80年代由Gaunderer和Ponsky率先开展起来的一项新技术^[1],是一项无需外科手术和全身麻醉的造瘘技术,     

经皮内镜下胃造瘘术和胃空肠造瘘术的护理配合

目的 探讨经皮内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)和胃空肠造瘘术(PEJ)的护理配合.方法 对25例需要行经皮内镜引导下PEG和PEJ患者的临床资料及护理措施进行回顾性分析.结果 25例患者均成功完成PEG和(或)PEJ.术后24h开始经造瘘管喂饲.25例患者均在安置PEG管后1～18个月恢复正常饮食,拔管顺利,其中2例因胃内水囊破裂,造瘘管脱出,及时更换了造瘘管.所有患者均未发生堵管、出血、误吸及腹膜炎等并发症.结论 经皮内镜下PEG和PEJ操作简便、快捷、安全及创伤小,护理方便,已成为临床建立肠内营养通道的首选治疗手段.     

经皮内镜下胃造瘘术临床应用

目的:观察经皮内镜下胃造瘘术治疗经口摄食障碍需长期肠内营养患者的,临床疗效.方法:对我院6例不同原因经口摄食障碍需长期肠内营养患者行经皮内镜下胃造瘘术.结果:6例患者手术均成功,术后营养状况得到改善,只有1例出现造瘘口周围感染.结论:经皮内镜下胃造瘘术是一种安全、简单、并发症少的胃造瘘方法.     

经皮内镜下胃空肠造瘘术的临床观察和护理

经皮内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)是在内镜引导下,经腹部皮肤穿刺放置胃造瘘管,直接给予胃肠营养支持,提高患者生活质量的一种手术方法.经皮内镜下胃空肠造瘘术(PEGJ)是PEG成功后经胃造瘘管置入空肠营养管的内镜下经皮胃造瘘术,是20世纪80年代由Gaunderer和Ponsky率先开展起来的一项新技术[1],是一项无需外科手术和全身麻醉的造瘘技术,仅在床边或胃镜室局麻下即可进行,为许多吞咽困难或吞咽功能丧失但胃肠功能尚可的患者提供了一种长期肠内营养的途径.与传统肠内营养方式相比,PEGJ创伤性少,更易被患者接受,肠外并发症如吸入性肺炎发生率较低,且可留置较长时间.现将作者在PEGJ临床应用中的护理体会报告如下.     

经皮内镜胃造瘘术与手术胃造瘘术的临床对比研究

目的比较经皮内镜胃造瘘（PEG）与手术胃造瘘的优缺点。方法应用经皮内镜胃造瘘18例与手术胃造瘘29例作对照,比较两者在手术时间、并发症（胃壁造口处出血、造瘘口渗漏、造口感染）的发生率。结果18例PEG时间（18±5．1）min,较手术胃造瘘时间（112±14．5）min明显缩短（P〈0．05）。PEG术组发生造口处感染1例,手术胃造瘘发生瘘口渗漏2例、胃壁造口处出血1例、造口感染3例,PEG术组手术并发症较手术胃造瘘组明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论PEG比手术胃造瘘手术时间短,术后并发症少,但不能完全替代手术胃造瘘术。     

中枢神经损伤患者经皮内镜下胃造瘘的临床观察

目的探讨中枢神经损伤患者经皮内镜下胃造瘘建立肠内营养的方法。方法对32例中枢神经损伤患者采用Pull法进行经皮内镜下胃造瘘术。结果经皮内镜下胃造瘘Pull法成功率100%,2例内镜下见胃内少量活动出血,经拉紧内固定垫片局部压迫后出血停止,腹部切口局部红肿和出现分泌物1例,经局部碘伏消毒和换药后治愈,1例出现坠积性肺炎,经抗感染治疗好转。无严重并发症病例。结论经皮内镜下胃造瘘术对于中枢神经损伤患者操作简单又安全。     

内镜引导下经皮胃造瘘术的应用及护理

[目的]探讨内镜引导下经皮胃造瘘术的应用,总结护理措施。[方法]对30例病人行经皮胃造瘘手术,同时加强护理。[结果]30例病人手术均成功,未发生严重的护理合并症。[结论]加强内镜引导下经皮胃造瘘术的护理是手术成功的保证。     

30例经皮内镜下胃造瘘术病人的护理

[目的]总结经皮内镜下胃造瘘术病人的护理。[方法]对30例经皮内镜下胃造瘘术病人加强护理,包括术前心理护理及准备、术后饮食护理、穿刺口和造瘘管的护理、控制注入食物的量和速度、减少胃残留量、并发症的观察与护理等。[结果]术后病人诉咽喉部疼痛29例,胃胀痛1例,造瘘口周围皮肤感染2例,经处理均好转或症状消失。[结论]加强经皮内镜下胃造瘘术病人的护理,可减少并发症的发生。     

经皮内镜下胃造瘘术患者的护理

目的探讨经皮内镜下胃造瘘的方法和术后护理要点。方法摸索在胃镜引导下做经皮胃造瘘的护理方法与技巧,对胃镜引导下经皮胃造瘘的6例患者进行临床观察与护理。结果经皮胃造瘘术通过护士精心护理无一例严重护理并发症发生。结论护士熟悉经皮胃镜引导下胃造瘘术后并发症,预防性地采取措施能降低术后并发症,减轻患者痛苦,增进健康。     

经皮内镜下胃造瘘术患者的护理

目的 探讨经皮内镜下胃造瘘的方法和术后护理要点.方法 摸索在胃镜引导下做经皮胃造瘘的护理方法与技巧,对胃镜引导下经皮胃造瘘的6例患者进行临床观察与护理.结果 经皮胃造瘘术通过护士精心护理无一例严重护理并发症发生.结论 护士熟悉经皮胃镜引导下胃造瘘术后并发症,预防性地采取措施能降低术后并发症,减轻患者痛苦,增进健康.     

经皮穿刺内镜下胃造瘘术和空肠造瘘术的临床应用

目的 探讨经皮穿刺内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)和空肠造瘘术(PEJ)的临床应用价值.方法 2007年4月～2009年4月对15例患者施行PEG/PEJ.其中,9例行PEG胃肠内营养,6例行PEG胃肠减压加PEJ空肠营养.结果 15例患者手术均成功,所有患者术后停止静脉营养,营养状况得到明显改善.3例患者局部有分泌物及红肿,经相应处理后缓解,未出现严重并发症.结论 PEG/PEJ是建立长期肠内营养简便、安全、微创、有效的方法,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

Palliative use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy tubes

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes are most commonly placed for feeding purposes with the intention of maintenance or improvement in nutritional status; however, they may also be used in a palliative role in patients who have terminal illnesses for feeding or decompression. Percutaneous endoscopic cecostomy (PEC) tubes can be used to decompress malignant and functional bowel disorders with accepted morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the use of PEG and PEC tubes for palliative use.     

Fine-needle endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy

A procedure for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is described. Under direct endoscopic control, the surgeon introduces, percutaneously, into the inflated stomach a 9 French Foley catheter through a special needle, which may then be opened for removal. After positioning, the terminal balloon of the Foley is inflated with 7-8 ml of air and the catheter is placed under slight traction to appose the gastric and abdominal walls. Such a method has been used in 5 patients with cancer of the cardia requiring enteral feeding prior to surgery. No complications due to the positioning of the gastrostomy catheter have been observed. We believe that this simple, reliable and inexpensive method constitutes an improvement on the previously described endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy techniques.     

Use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy in short bowel syndrome

Patients who have short bowel syndrome (SBS) and concomitant intestinal failure have insufficient functional capacity to absorb sufficient nutrients, electrolytes, and/or fluid to sustain independent life. As such, these patients require specialized nutritional support. Although parenteral nutrition is often necessary, at least initially, the therapeutic goal should be to enhance intestinal adaption and enteral nutrient assimilation, and thereby reduce parenteral nutrition requirements. The induction of hyperphagia is critical. Enteral intake also can be enhanced through enteric tube feeding. There are, however, insufficient data to recommend the universal use of a peptide-based formula (versus a polymeric formula), although the use of such a formula may be considered in individual patients in whom the clinician has compared nutritional outcome with the two types of formulas.     

经皮内镜下胃造口术的护理

经皮内镜下胃造口术(PEG)已成为肠内营养(EN)支持的优选途径.我院2006年7月-2010年6月,共施行PEG 42例,取得满意效果,现将护理总结如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 42例PEG病人中男29例,女13例;年龄17岁~82岁(65.7岁±18.6岁);体质指数(BMI)24.2 kg/m2~28.6 kg/m2;病种:脑血管疾病18例,运动神经元病7例,阿尔茨海默病5例,胰腺癌、重度裂孔病、胃瘫、高位截瘫和肺癌脑转移各2例;其中意识障碍8例,但均有肠功能.     

Single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy

Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) has emerged as a viable alternative for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG-J) in patients who cannot tolerate gastric feeding. Reportedly, DPEJ placement with regular endoscopes fails in up to one-third of cases. The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy and safety of single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE)-assisted DPEJ. The DPEJ placement technique was comparable to conventional PEG placement. A total of 12 DPEJ procedures were performed in 11 patients (mean age 55 years [range 24-83 years]; seven males). SBE-assisted DPEJ was successful in 11 of the 12 procedures (92%). Post-procedural complications included gastroparesis and aspiration pneumonia in one case each. We conclude that SBE-assisted DPEJ placement seems a safe and successful approach for patients requiring jejunal enteral feeding.     

Managing the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is an effective means of providing alimentation to patients who are unable to swallow. Commercial kits that contain the necessary equipment are now available and are easy to assemble and insert. Because of its safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, this procedure will probably become the preferred technique for inserting the feeding tube. Management of the patient and the tube, as reviewed here, can be learned quickly.     

内镜下胃造瘘术护理的概述

内镜下胃造瘘术是目前治疗消化系统疾病不可缺少的重要手段,其围手术期的护理更是确保手术成功及减少术后并发症的重要组成部分.本文从现代医学角度对内镜下胃造瘘术的适应证、禁忌证及围手术期护理和并发症的观察及护理进行详尽的综述,从而为内镜下胃造瘘术护理的研究奠定理论基础.     

Enteral feeding and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Many patients are unable to eat and others are malnourished. Such patients need nutritional support, and enteral feeding offers one way of providing such support. It may be needed for a short time during acute or critical illness or for prolonged periods in chronic illness. Short-term feeding is usually given through a nasogastric tube, while permanent feeding access is indicated for long-term feeding, most commonly through a gastrostomy. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a minimally invasive technique for placing a feeding tube and causing minimal discomfort. This article reviews enteral feeding focusing on PEG and considers the after care and complications of this method of feeding.