缺血性脑血管病患者血脂、凝血及纤溶指标的变化

目的　观察缺血性脑血管病 (ICVD)患者血脂、凝血及纤溶指标的变化。方法　对缺血性脑血管病 113例 [包括脑梗死 (CI)急性期 2 5例 ,恢复期 30例 ;短暂性脑缺血发作 (TIA) 5 8例 ]和正常对照组 77名进行血脂、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物 (t PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 (PAI)和D 二聚体浓度进行测定。结果　CI组甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、载脂蛋白B10 0 (ApoB10 0 )、氧化型低密度脂蛋白 (ox LDL)水平显著高于对照组 ;CI急性期、恢复期和TIA组PAI高于对照组 ,而t PA活性均低于对照组 ;TIA伴有梗死灶者血浆D 二聚体和PAI含量明显高于无梗死灶者 ,t PA含量低于无梗死灶者。结论　ICVD患者不仅存在血脂代谢紊乱 ,且体内凝血活性增强 ,纤溶功能下降。     

缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压对内源性纤溶活性的影响

目的 :观察缬沙坦治疗原发性高血压 (EH)的同时对内源性纤溶活性的影响。方法 :用发色底物分解显色法测定 6 4例EH患者 (EH组 )和 35例正常对照者 (对照组 )的组织型纤溶酶原激活因子 (t PA)、纤溶酶原激活抑制物 (PAI 1)的活性 ,然后EH组口服缬沙坦 80mg ,每日 1次 ,共 8周 ,比较治疗前后的t PA和PAI 1活性变化。结果 :EH组治疗前t PA活性较对照组明显降低 ,PAI 1活性明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。经缬沙坦治疗 8周后 ,t PA活性较治疗前显著上升 ,PAI 1活性降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :缬沙坦在降低血压的同时 ,有改善内源性纤溶活性的作用。     

脑梗死患者急性期血浆PAI-1与t-PA比值的变化及临床意义

目的研究脑梗死患者急性期(发病7 d内)血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)与血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)比值的变化及其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测67例脑梗死患者急性期血浆PAI-1t、-PA、计算PAI-1/t-PA(P/t)值,并与50名健康对照组作对照。结果脑梗死患者急性期血浆t-pA活性及PAI-1活性均升高,与正常对照组比较有统计学意义(P0.05),P/t值较正常对照组降低(P0.05)。结论脑梗死患者急性期体内纤溶活性相对亢进。在判定体内纤溶活性指标中,P/t值较t-PA、PAI-1稳定可靠。P/t值与纤溶活性呈反比关系。     

老年人不稳定型心绞痛与稳定型心绞痛TF、tPA和PAI-1检测的临床意义

目的　观察老年人 (≥ 60岁 )不稳定型心绞痛 ( U A)和稳定型心绞痛 ( SA)患者体内组织因子 ( TF)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物( t PA)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 -1( PAI-1)的变化。方法　采用 ELISA双夹心法。结果　不稳定型心绞痛组血浆 TF水平高于稳定型心绞痛组和对照组 ,稳定型心绞痛组高于对照组。不稳定型心绞痛组与稳定型心绞痛组和对照组对比 ,血浆 t PA活性、t PA/PAI-1明显降低 ,PAI-1活性明显增高 (均为 P<0 .0 5 )。结论　冠心病患者存在凝血纤溶系统失平衡 ,可能对老年人不同类型冠心病的发生发展起重要作用。     

老年高血压病患者早期肾损害中组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的作用

为研究老年高血压病患者纤溶活性异常与肾脏损害的关系 ,选择 5 2例血清肌酐正常的老年原发性高血压患者和 2 2例血压正常的老年人 ,用发色底物法测定血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂活性 ,用酶联免疫吸附法测定尿微量转铁蛋白和视黄醇结合蛋白含量 ,并进行相关分析。结果发现 ,老年高血压病患者与正常血压者比较 ,血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性显著下降 ,血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂活性和尿微量转铁蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白含量显著升高 ;血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性与尿转铁蛋白 (r =- 0 .792 8)、视黄醇结合蛋白 (r=- 0 .85 2 2 )含量呈显著负相关 (P <0 .0 0 0 1) ,而血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂活性与尿转铁蛋白 (r =0 .7497)、视黄醇结合蛋白 (r=0 .82 69)含量呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 0 0 1) ,提示老年高血压病患者存在的纤溶活性异常可能在其肾脏损害进程中起重要作用     

脑梗死患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物和抑制物活性的变化及意义

为了探讨动脉硬化性脑梗死患者急性期和恢复期的组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物活性的变化及其意义,采用发色底物法检测9例脑梗死患者和40例健康老年人的血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物和抑制物1活性.对脑梗死患者的梗死体积和神经功能缺损进行了计算和评分,结果发现,脑梗死组急性期和恢复期的组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性分别为0.26±0.14和0.21±0.11 kIU/L,显著低于健康组(P<0.01);纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1活性分别为0.90±0.25和0.98±0.12 kAU/L,显著高于健康组(P<0.01);脑梗死体积为8.75±1.21 cm3;急性期神经功能缺损评分为18.56±3.62;组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性与脑梗死体积和神经功能缺损程度负相关(r=-0.5133,JP<0.05;r=-0.4914,P<0.05),纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1活性与脑梗死体积和神经功能缺损程度正相关(r=0.5621,P<0.05;r=0.5342,P<0.05)。结果提示,脑梗死患者急性和恢复期血浆纤溶活性显著降低,提示组织型纤溶酶原激活物与抑制物1在动脉硬化性脑梗死的病理过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠主动脉PAI-1,tPA活性的影响及不同肾素活性状态下纤溶功能的变化

目的 :观察血管紧张素 （Ang ）对大鼠主动脉纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂 （PAI- 1）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t PA）活性的影响及不同肾素活性状态下纤溶功能的变化。方法 :1采用离体大鼠主动脉条孵育的方法 ,在孵育液中分别加入不同浓度 （10 - 9,10 - 8,10 - 7,10 - 6m ol/ L） Ang ,用发色底物法分别测定孵育液中 PAI- I及 t PA活性。2 2 4只雄性 8周龄正常血压 WKY大鼠随机分为高盐组和对照组 （n=12 ） ,分别给予 2 0 g/ L 盐水和清水喂养 6周 ,制备不同肾素活性模型动物 ,放射免疫法测定血浆肾素活性 （PRA）和血浆 Ang ,同时用发色底物法分别测定血浆中 PAI- 1及 t PA活性 ,用 Pearson方法做多元相关分析。结果 :不同浓度的 Ang 可使大鼠主动脉 PAI- 1活性增加 ,t PA活性无变化。低盐组 PRA和血浆 Ang 水平升高 ,同时 PAI- 1活性增加 ,而 t PA活性无变化 ,多元相关分析显示 ,血浆 PAI- 1活性与血浆 Ang 水平的对数呈正相关。结论 :肾素 -血管紧张素系统参与了纤溶系统功能的调节     

缺血性心脑血管疾病患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1的测定及临床意义

目的研究缺血性心脑血管疾病患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其受体、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂1的水平及意义。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验测定急性脑梗死、急性心肌梗死及不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其受体、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂1的水平。结果(1)脑梗死患者急性期血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物轻度升高(P>0.05),恢复期明显回落(P<0.05),尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体水平在急性期明显升高(P<0.01),恢复期进一步升高;血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物含量在急性期明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1含量则明显高于对照组(P<0.01),恢复期纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1水平趋于正常,而血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物水平与对照组比较仍存在一定差异(P<0.05)。(2)急性心肌梗塞患者血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体水平急性期明显升高(P<0.05),恢复期进一步升高(P<0.01),尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物水平均大致正常;急性期血浆中血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),恢复期明显回落,纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1趋于正常,血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物水平仍高于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)不稳定型心绞痛患者急性期(入院时)血浆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体水平明显升高(P<0.01),恢复期(入院后二周)回落,但仍明显高于对照组(P<0.05),尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物水平与对照组比较均未见明显差异(P>0.05);急性期血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物含量明显低于正常组(P<0.01),而纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1含量略高于对照组(P>0.05),恢复期两者含量均趋于正常(P>0.05)。结论缺血性心脑血管疾病患者存在不同程度的凝血纤溶系统失平衡,对疾病的发生发展起重要作用。     

冠心病患者血清甘油三酯水平与纤溶激活系统的关系

为研究冠心病患者血清甘油三酯水平与纤溶激活系统的关系,比较分析冠心病患者、高甘油三酯血症患者及正常对照者的血清甘油三酯水平、组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂活性。纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1、组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性测定采用发色低物法,血清甘油三酯浓度测定采用酶法。结果表明,高甘油三酯血症患者及冠心病患者纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性较正常人升高,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性较正常人下降。冠心病患者及高甘油三酯血症患者均有不同程度的纤溶活性下降,以急性心肌梗死、不稳定型心绞痛伴高甘油三酯组改变尤为明显。血清甘油三酯水平与血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性呈负相关,与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1活性呈正相关。结果提示,甘油三酯通过影响纤溶功能参与冠心病的形成与发展。     

高血压及合并急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸与组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制剂的关系

为研究高血压及高血压合并急性缺血性脑血管病中高同型半胱氨酸水平对凝血、纤溶系统的影响。用高效液相色谱法分别测定21例健康人、28例单纯高血压患者及30例高血压合并急性脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平，同时测定纤维蛋白原、组织型纤溶酶原激活物和组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂，分析三组患者上述指标的关系。结果发现，高血压及合并急性脑梗死组同型半胱氨酸、组织型纤溶酶原激活物、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂及纤维蛋白原均高于健康对照组，高血压合并急性脑梗死组同型半胱氨酸、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂及纤维蛋白原均高于高血压组，而组织型纤溶酶原激活物低于高血压组。结果提示，高血压及合并急性脑梗死患者存在血浆同型半胱氨酸水平增高，且高同型半胱氨酸浓度可能引起纤溶、凝血功能的紊乱，并在脑梗死的发病中起一定作用。     

冠心病患者抗凝与纤溶功能的改变及其临床意义

目的：探讨冠心病患者凝血、抗凝与纤溶功能的改变及临床意义。方法：应用发色底物法及胶乳增强的免疫比浊法分别测定不同类型的冠心病患者160例及健康对照者80例血浆抗凝血酶（AT）、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1（PAI-1）及D-二聚体（D-dimer）的活性或含量水平,并进行比较分析。结果：与对照组比较,冠心病患者AT、t-PA的活性显著降低,PAI-1、D-dimer的活性或含量水平显著增高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;与稳定性心绞痛患者组比较,不稳定性心绞痛组及心肌梗死组AT、t-PA、PAI-1、D-dimer的活性或含量水平亦有显著性改变（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：冠心病患者特别是不稳定性心绞痛及心肌梗死患者存在高凝状态及纤溶活性亢进。     

蛛网膜下腔出血后知浆t—PA、PAI—1变化的临床意义

对28例蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后患者的血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI-1）变化进行了观察,并与30例健康者进行对照。结果显示,与对照组比较,SAH后1～14天患者血浆纤溶性明显增高;其中伴发脑血管痉挛（CVS）者出血第7天、14天血浆PAI-1活性均明显高于无CVS者;出血量多者血浆t-PA、PAI-1活性较高。提示血浆t-PA、PAI-1活性在SAH后呈动态变化,二者可能均参与SAH的发生、发展、其活性测定可望成为监测SAH、CVS及出血量的有效指标。     

脑血栓形成病人血浆及脑脊液t-PA及其PAI-1含量的观察

目的：研究动脉粥样硬化性脑血栓形成病人血浆及脑脊液组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA)及其抑制物（PAI-1）含量的变化及其临床意义。方法：采用双抗体夹心固相酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测35例脑血栓形成病人血浆和其中31例病人脑脊液t-PA及PAI-1抗原含量，与35例正常对照组血浆和其中20例对照组脑脊液进行比较。结果；脑血栓形成组血浆t-PA含量高于对照组，PAI-1含量显著高于对照组；其脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1含量均显著高于对照组，脑脊液中t-PA,PAI-1的含量分别与血浆中t-PA,PAI-1的含量，分别与血浆中t-PA,PAI-1的含量呈正相关；脑血栓形成组病人神经功能缺损评分与血浆及脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1抗原含量呈正相关。结论：脑血栓形成病人纤溶活性明显下降，t-PA及PAI-1参与了脑血栓形成之病理过程；t-PA及PAI-1抗原含量是反映体内纤溶活性的两个重要指标；可用血浆或脑脊液t-PA,PAI-1的含量作为判断病情的参考指标之一。     

培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭患者血浆t-PA和PAI-1水平的影响

目的评价培哚普利对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定60例CHF患者(CHF组)及20例健康人(正常对照组)血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平。CHF组患者又随机均分为常规治疗亚组和培哚普利亚组。培哚普利亚组在常规治疗基础上加用培哚普利2~4mg,每日1次。所有CHF患者治疗2周后复测血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平。结果CHF患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平比正常对照组明显增高(P<0.01)。治疗后,培哚普利亚组血浆PAI-1水平比常规治疗亚组明显降低(P<0.01),血浆t-PA水平比常规治疗亚组明显升高(P<0.01)。结论培哚普利不仅可降低PAI-1水平,而且可升高t-PA水平,改善内源性纤溶功能。     

川崎病血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物及其抑制物的变化与冠状动脉损伤的关系

目的通过对川崎病(Kawasakidisease,KD)患儿血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)的测定观察与血管损伤的关系,探讨KD合并冠状动脉病变的机制。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血浆t-PA、PAI-1,同时采用彩色超声心动图检测川崎病的冠状动脉并加以分析。结果KD患儿组的t-PA、PAI-1急性期和恢复期均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);合并冠状动脉病变(CAL)组PAI-1、t-PA高于无冠状动脉损伤(NCAL)组,在恢复期CAL组PAI-1、t-PA持续增高,与NCAL组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);CAL组的t-PA与PAl-1的比值明显低于NCAL组。两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论纤溶系统与川崎病血管损伤发生、发展有着密切的关系。纤溶指标t-PA水平升高、PAI-1的大幅度升高及低t-PA/PAl-1(比值)反映了川崎病存在明显的纤溶系统功能的削弱,与冠状动脉损伤有关,为进一步探讨川崎病治疗提供了理论依据。     

Hypofibrinolysis in patients with hypercoagulability: The roles of urokinase and of plasminogen activator inhibitor

The prevalence of abnormalities of fibrinolysis in patients with venous thromboembolism is as yet unknown. Defined abnormalities include congenital dysfunction and deficiency of plasminogen, and probably impaired plasminogen activation secondary to elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) or to impaired release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In this preliminary study, we analyzed plasma samples from 21 patients for whom an investigation for possible thrombophilia was requested. Twenty of the patients had venous thromboembolism, and one had arterial thrombosis at an early age. Two patients had deficiency of protein C or protein S, but no other recognized biochemical disturbances related to thrombophilia were identified. Patient samples and plasma from 25 normal controls were assayed for tPA activity, PAI-1 activity, and urokinase (uPA) activity and antigen. tPA activity and antigen were not significantly different in patients than in controls. PAI-1 activity was significantly greater in patients (P < 0.0001). uPA activity was not different in the two groups. However, uPA antigen was significantly reduced in patients compared to controls (P = 0.001). These data suggest that hypofibrinolysis leading to a risk of thrombosis may be caused not only by elevated PAI-1 activity but also by reduced total uPA concentration. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Possible Involvement of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Gastric Ulcer Formation —Biochemical Evaluation Using Biopsy Specimens From Gastric Mucosa—

Abstract: Microvascular endothelial changes are thought to be a crucial step in the development of hemorrhagic changes in various pathological states. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is an endothelium-derived fibrinolytic mediator which regulates microvascular permeability. In this study, we determined the activity and amount of t-PA in the biopsy specimens taken from gastric mucosa of patients with gastric ulcers to evaluate endothelial alterations and vascular permeable changes in situ. In addition, to elucidate the relationship between local fibrinolytic disturbance and systemic blood coagulation, several factors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor were also assayed. The results of this investigation revealed that the mucosal t-PA amount in the active ulcer proved to be 2–3 folds higher than that in healthy controls, however, t-PA levels in plasma samples showed no remarkable differences among the groups. Increased t-PA activity appeared to well correlate to the degree of inflammation of gastric mucosa in contrast to t-PA amount which was still increased in healed ulcer lesion. PAI-1 in plasma samples from gastric ulcer patients showed a significantly high level as compared with healthy subjects. The present study indicates that t-PA activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer formation and that t-PA determination in gastric biopsy specimens may be useful for the evaluation of clinical activity of gastric ulcers in terms of the mucosal microvascular endothelial changes.     

THE EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SMOKING ON THE FIBRINOLYTIC POTENTIAL OF PLASMA AND PLATELETS

We studied tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in healthy individuals divided by smoking habit into current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers (who had never smoked). Plasma PAI-1 antigen was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers with intermediate levels in former smokers. A similar trend was observed for plasma PAI activity but this did not reach statistical significance. Platelet PAI-1 and plasma t-PA were not significantly different when comparing the three groups. After venous occlusion t-PA rose significantly in all groups; no significant change in plasma PAI-1 was observed. The ratio of t-PA to PAI-1 in plasma was similar in non-smokers and former smokers but lower in smokers, suggesting that there is at least partial restoration of plasma fibrinolytic potential after smoking cessation. Plasma PAI-1 antigen and PAI activity correlated with estimated pack-years of cigarettes smoked among smokers and former smokers. When all subjects were studied collectively, plasma PAI-1 correlated strongly with plasma t-PA and triglycerides; plasma t-PA also correlated strongly with triglycerdes.
We conclude that chronic smoking is associated with impaired fibrinolysis in plasma and that this largely reflects elevated plasma PAI-1 in smokers. Smoking does not appear to affect the response to venous occlusion. The postulated effect of chronic smoking on plasma PAI-1 may be mediated by the influence of smoking on triglycerides and insulin resistance. Stopping smoking appears to return impaired fibrinolysis towards normal. Smoking does not quantitatively affect the platelet pool of PAI-1. Smoking habit should be controlled for in clinical analyses of PAI-1 and t-PA.     

2型糖尿病纤溶系统变化与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者纤溶活性变化与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定63例2型糖尿病患者（包括无血管并发症组30例和有血管并发症组33例）和25例正常对照者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI-1）含量,结合临床资料分析其变化趋势及影响因素。结果2型糖尿病患者血浆t-PA含量明显降低（P〈0．01）,而PAI-1含量明显升高（P〈0．01）,合并血管病变者,此变化更为显著（均P〈0．001）。多元逐步回归分析显示,HOMA模型胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）是PAI-1升高的独立危险因素。结论2型糖尿病患者纤溶活性降低,胰岛素抵抗在降低其纤溶活性,并发血管病变中起了重要作用。