10例子宫恶性肿瘤合并异位非典型增生子宫内膜病理研究

目的 对子宫恶性肿瘤合并子宫内膜异位病变进行分析,探讨异位内膜非典型增生的临床病理意义。方法 回顾性对188例子宫恶性肿瘤手术病例中合并异位非典型增生子宫内膜的病例进行临床病理分析。所有标本均经常规病理制片程序、HE和免疫组化染色,其中子宫内膜癌的病理分级诊断根据FIGO系统;异位内膜非典型增生的诊断根据Kurman-Norris分类标准。结果 188例子宫恶性肿瘤中合并有12例异位子宫内膜,其中10例异位内膜表现有不同程度的非典型增生(3例重度、2例中度、5例轻度)。其中1例曾因子宫腺肌症被切除子宫,病理随访发现该患者的异位内膜出现轻～重度非典型增生。第2次手术证实阴道断端肿物为子宫内膜间质肉瘤。异位非典型增生内膜的部位:7例发生在卵巢,腺肌症2例、宫颈1例、腹腔淋巴结1例、骶骨韧带1例,其中多部位异位者2例。结论 对子宫内膜异位做病理检查时,关注异位内膜的非典型增生的程度是十分必要。并发有子宫恶性肿瘤的异位内膜,其非典型增生的发生率要明显高于无并发肿瘤者,且重度非典型增生的异位内膜发展为肿瘤危险性高。     

类固醇生成因子1在卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿及子宫腺肌病病灶中的表达

目的 探讨类固醇生成因子1( SF-1)在子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者在位内膜、卵巢内异症囊肿、子宫腺肌病病灶中的表达.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月在北京大学第一医院妇科住院,因子宫腺肌病合并卵巢内异症囊肿行子宫全切除术及卵巢内异症囊肿剥除术或附件切除术的患者共30例,经病理确诊子宫腺肌病合并内异症囊肿共17例作为观察组;同期因宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅲ行子宫全切除术的患者10例作为对照组.将观察组患者的在位内膜、卵巢内异症囊肿病灶、子宫腺肌病病灶和对照组的子宫内膜组织进行石蜡切片,免疫组化Envision二步法检测SF-1蛋白的表达.结果 两组患者在位内膜的腺体和间质细胞中均无SF-1蛋白表达;观察组卵巢内异症囊肿病灶的间质细胞核SF-1蛋白的阳性表达率为14/17,SF-1蛋白在卵巢内异症病灶的腺体细胞及子宫腺肌病病灶中均无表达.结论 卵巢内异症囊肿与子宫腺肌病病灶中SF-1蛋白表达的差异可能在疾病的发生与发展中具有重要意义.     

手术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿伴不孕的疗效分析

子宫内膜异位症（内异症）是妇科常见病,卵巢是最容易被异位子宫内膜侵犯的器官,可累及卵巢表层和深层而影响其排卵和内分泌功能;同时还常合并存在盆腔腹膜及其他脏器内异症病灶,引起局部微环境变化而阻止受孕.为了解手术对内异症所致不孕的治疗效果,我们对因单纯卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿或合并盆腔其他脏器异位病灶不孕妇女105例的临床资料进行了分析,旨在为临床处理提供参考.     

子宫内膜异位症伴不孕125例临床分析

目的分析子宫内膜异位症(内异症)伴不孕患者的临床情况及影响妊娠的相关因素.方法回顾分析因不孕行开腹或腹腔镜检查确诊为子宫内膜异位症125例的临床及手术情况.结果治疗后125例患者中34例受孕,妊娠率27.2%.妊娠率Ⅰ～Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者(P均＜0.05),单纯卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿高于仅有盆腔其他部位病灶患者和囊肿合并盆腔其他部位病灶患者(P＜0.05),右侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿高于左侧和双侧(P＜0.05).结论子宫内膜异位症对生育的影响是肯定的,手术治疗及术后辅以药物治疗后有一定的妊娠率.临床期别、内异症病灶部位、巧克力囊肿侧别与治疗后妊娠率有关.     

低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤11例临床分析

低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤１１例临床分析孙爱达连利娟低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤，亦称淋巴管内间质异位症或子宫内膜间质异位症。其临床与病理学方面都具有独特的表现，且较为少见。现对我院收治并长期随诊１１例的临床资料分析如下。一、材料与方法１９６１年９月至１９...     

原发性小肠子宫内膜间质肉瘤一例并文献复习

子宫内膜间质肉瘤（endometrial stromal sarcoma,ESS）是少见的子宫间叶组织来源的恶性肿瘤,主要由子宫内膜间质细胞组成。原发性子宫外ESS是指原发于子宫外、且不合并子宫内病灶的一类特殊ESS,卵巢是最常见的首发部位。原发于肠道的ESS罕见报道,临床病理特征不详。报道1例46岁原发于小肠的ESS患者的手术、化疗、孕激素治疗经过,随访77个月,无病生存。该患者的主要症状为经期上腹胀痛伴腰背部放射痛,既往有子宫内膜异位症病史。ESS的确诊需依靠免疫组织化学检查,根治性手术是一线治疗方案。     

175例子宫内膜异位症患者血清CA125水平的回顾性分析

目的:分析子宫内膜异位症患者合并子宫内膜息肉的情况,探讨血清CA125水平与痛经、内异症rAFS分期、病灶部位的相关性,为临床上更好地解读CA125水平提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至12月我院术中或术后病理诊断为子宫内膜异位症的175例患者的临床资料。结果:(1)20.0%的子宫内膜异位症患者合并子宫内膜息肉;(2)36.6%的内异症患者有中、重度痛经,痛经程度与血清CA125水平无相关性;(3)Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期内异症患者的平均CA125水平分别为21.5U/ml、28.4U/ml、38.6U/ml、57.1U/ml,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期内异症患者血清CA125水平高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者(P<0.05);(4)腹膜型、混合型、卵巢型内异症患者血清CA125的阳性率分别为21.4%、63.0%和67.4%,混合型、卵巢型内异症患者血清CA125阳性率显著高于腹膜型(P<0.001)。结论:血清CA125水平不能作为内异症合并子宫内膜息肉的预测指标;血清CA125水平可用于辅助鉴别内异症的分期和病灶部位,但是CA125对于内异症的早期诊断缺乏敏感性。     

Bcl-2和Bax在子宫内膜异位症的表达及意义

目的　研究正常人子宫内膜和子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )的在位内膜和异位内膜Bcl- 2、 Bax的表达和细胞凋亡率 ,探讨细胞凋亡在月经周期变化和内异症发生中的作用。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法和流式细胞学检测技术 ,检测 6 0例正常人子宫内膜和 4 7例内异症患者子宫内膜Bcl - 2、Bax的表达及细胞凋亡率。结果　①正常子宫内膜Bcl- 2在增生期表达进行性增强 ,在分泌期无表达。Bax在增生期弱表达 ,在分泌期表达增强 ;②Bcl- 2在内异症的在位内膜、异位内膜的表达增生期强于分泌期 ,异位内膜强于在位内膜。Bax在内异症的在位内膜、异位内膜的表达增生期弱于分泌期 ,异位内膜弱于在位内膜 ;③分泌期正常子宫内膜的凋亡率高于内异症的在位内膜和异位内膜。结论　Bcl- 2、Bax参与调控正常子宫内膜形态与功能变化 ,其异常表达导致子宫内膜细胞凋亡失调 ,是内膜异位症发生的分子机制之一。     

妊娠合并卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的临床分析

子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )与不孕症的关系已引起广大学者的密切关注 ,然而在临床上妊娠合并卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的患者并不罕见。为了了解妊娠合并卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的发病率、临床特点和治疗方法 ,现将我院 7年来收治的妊娠合并卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿 14例的临床资料和病理资料进行回顾性分析。一、临床资料1 一般资料 :1994年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 1月在我院产科共分娩 30 399例 ,同期收治住院手术并经病理检查证实的妊娠合并卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的患者 14例 ,发生率为 1∶2 171次妊娠。年龄为 2 7～ 4 3岁 ,平均 31 9岁。初产妇 11例 ,经…     

子宫内膜间质肿瘤19例病理形态分析

目的 加深对子宫内膜间质肿瘤病理形态的认识。方法 对1例间质结节、15例低度恶性及3例高度恶性间质肉瘤进行临床病理分析。结果 肉瘤组中4例以粘膜下肿物为主要表现，4例手术后复发。病理检查4例有宫外病灶，6例伴有性索样分化，7例有明显的平滑肌分化。结论 低度恶性间质肉瘤是子宫内膜间质肿瘤的主要表现形式，性索样分化与平滑肌分化在间质肿瘤中不少见。     

核仁相关嗜银蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原在卵巢子宫内膜异位症癌变中的表达意义

目的 探讨核仁相关嗜银蛋白(AgNOR)及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达在卵巢子宫内膜异位症癌变过程中的意义.方法 应用免疫组化法和AgNOR染色检测1986年1月至2006年8月浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院收治的30例卵巢子宫内膜异位症患者的子宫内膜异位组织、15例卵巢异位子宫内膜腺上皮不典型增生组织、30例卵巢子宫内膜异位症癌变组织中PCNA的表达及AgNOR评分.结果 癌变组及不典型增生组AgNOR评分和PCNA评分[分别为5.64±0.15和(49.22±3.97)%;4.37±0.20和(34.66±2.11)%]显著高于子宫内膜异位症组[1.04±0.26;(12.17±2.89)%];癌变组AgNOR和PCNA评分显著高于不典型增生组,P均＜0.05.癌变组内AgNOR和PCNA评分比较结果显示癌变区＞移形区＞子宫内膜异位症区;不典型增生组内结果显示不典型区＞子宫内膜异位症区(P＜0.05).AgNOR和PCNA评分与肿瘤期别显著相关(P＜0.05).AgNOR评分＞5.64和PCNA评分＞49.22%的患者预后明显差于AgNOR评分＜5.64和PCNA评分＜49.22%者(P＜0.05).结论 AgNOR及PCNA评分在鉴别子宫内膜异位症良恶性肿瘤及在判定肿瘤期别中起一定的作用;细胞增殖参数可能有助于对子宫内膜异位症癌变预后的判断;部分子宫内膜异位症和不典型增生可能是卵巢癌的癌前病变.     

Endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Factors affecting survival

Eighty-five patients, 52 with endometrioid carcinoma (EC), nine with mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma (MC), and 24 with clear cell carcinoma (CC), were studied to determine if prognosis was affected by (a) mixed tumor histology, (b) grade of the endometrioid component in ECs, and MCs, (c) presence of benign or malignant squamous differentiation in ECs, (d) solid versus tubular histology in CCs, (e) endometriosis in the same ovary as the tumor or elsewhere in the pelvis, (f) tumor stage, (g) patient age, or (h) presence of a coexisting carcinoma of the endometrium. The 5 year survivals for the ECs, MCs, and CCs were 52%, 22%, and 69%, respectively, for all stages. The 5 year survivals for Stage I ECs and CCs were 82% and 93%, respectively. None of these differences were statistically significant. Higher stages of disease for all three tumor types and higher grades of the endometrioid component of the ECs and the MCs were associated with significantly decreased survival. Patients with CCs had a significantly increased incidence of pelvic endometriosis (67%) versus patients with ECs (17%) or MCs (22%) (p less than 0.001). Survival was not significantly affected by benign or malignant squamous differentiation in ECs, tubular differentiation in CCs, patient age, the presence of endometriosis, or a coexisting carcinoma of the endometrium.     

卵巢上皮性癌合并卵巢子宫内膜异位症67例临床病理分析

目的 探讨合并卵巢子宫内膜异位症(内异症)的卵巢上皮性癌(卵巢癌)的临床病理特点.方法 选取1996年1月至2006年12月在复旦大学附属妇产科医院就诊并经手术确诊的卵巢癌共727例,对其中合并卵巢内异症的67例患者(其中由卵巢内异症恶变的卵巢癌患者34例,为A组;其他仅合并卵巢内异症的卵巢癌患者33例,为B组)的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析,并与660例未合并卵巢内异症的卵巢癌患者(C组)进行对照分析.同期本院经手术病理确诊的卵巢内异症患者共3890例.结果 卵巢内异症恶变为卵巢癌的发生率为0.87%(34/3890).卵巢癌合并卵巢内异症的发生率为9.2%(67/727).A、B、C组患者的平均年龄分别为(47.2±1.3)、(47.8±1.2)、(51.2±0.4)岁,3组问比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013).A、B组病理类型多为透明细胞癌(分别为67.6%、69.7%),其所占比例均明显高于C组的18.8%(P=0.000);而C组以浆液性腺癌(50.3%)为主,其所占比例明显高于A组的8.8%和B组的12.1%(P=0.000).A、B组手术病理分期多为Ⅰ期(分别为73.5%、63.6%),其所占比例均明显高于C组的31.4%(P=0.000);而C组多为Ⅲ期(47.7%),其所占比例明显高于A组的23.5%和B组的15.2%(P=0.001).A、B、C组高分化(分别为11.8%、6.1%、10.5%)、中～低分化(分别为88.2%、93.9%、89.5%)所占比例分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.602).A、B、C组雌激素受体(ER)阳性率分别为22.2%(6/27)、31.6%(6/19)、43.9%(136/310),3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018);A、B、C组孕激素受体(PR)阳性率分别为22.2%(6/27)、15.8%(3/19)、35.5%(110/310),3组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.082).患者总的5年累积生存率为55.6%,A、B、C组患者的5年累积生存率分别为78.9%、92.8%、51.9%,3组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 合并卵巢内异症的卵巢癌患者,具有年轻(尤其是内异症恶变患者)、多为卵巢透明细胞癌、期别早、ER表达水平低、预后好的特点.     

Prognostic value of p53 expression in stage IB1 cervical carcinoma

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the patterns of p53 expression in stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, to compare p53 expression with clinicopathological findings, and to assess its prognostic value. 27 patients with stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix underwent abdominal radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Expression of p53 was studied immunohistochemically. Overexpression of p53 was detected in 33.3% of the tumors, low expression was seen in 11.1%, and negative expression was found in 55.6%. Deep cervical stromal invasion (> or = 1/2) was found to be associated with the increased risk of lymph node metastases (odds ratio = 17.5). A significantly lower percentage of patients survived when p53 overexpression was observed (p = 0.0315). Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size (2-3.9 cm), lymph node metastasis, tumor invasion into parametria, tumor invasion into blood/lymph vessels, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (> or = 2 ng/ml), and p53 overexpression had a significantly lower recurrence-free survival rate. None of these above factors obtained significance in the multivariate analysis. This study suggests that expression of p53 may be indicative of an unfavorable prognosis in patients with stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.     

复发性子宫肉瘤的诊治

子宫肉瘤是罕见的女性生殖道恶性肿瘤,从组织学类型可分为子宫平滑肌肉瘤、子宫内膜间质肉瘤和恶性混合性中胚叶瘤。复发率高,治疗以手术、化疗等综合治疗为主,放疗效果不确切,可以协助控制局部复发,抗雌激素治疗也有一定效果。影响预后的因素很多,主要是临床期别和肿瘤大小。     

Comprehensive cytologic screening in patients undergoing voluntary abortions

This is a report of comprehensive cervical screening performed for all patients requesting abortion at the New York Medical College Metropolitan Hospital center from July 1, 1970 through December 1, 1972, a total of 6619 patients. Those with negative cytology had abortions performed. At first patients with abnormal smears had multiple punch biopsies and endocervical curettage at the time of uterine evacuation. They remained hospitalized until the pathology report was available. Later the uterine evacuation was deferred and patients with abnormal smears were referred to the colposcopy clinic where the atypical areas of the transformation zone were biopsied and the endocervical canal curetted. Cervical conization was performed immediately following suction curettage in patients with carcinoma in situ and in patients with severe dysplasia. Of the 6619 patients, 6367 had negative smears, 160 atypical, 28 with moderate or severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, and 2 invasive carcinoma. Of the 160 with atypical cytology cervical punch biopsies were negative in 104 with mild dysplasia in 56. Of the 28 with more severe changes cervical punch or cone biopsy revealed carcinoma in situ in 16, severe dysplasia in 5, moderate dysplasia in 5, and mild dysplasia in 2. The 2 patients thought to have invasive carcinoma were shown to have carcinoma in situ. Invasive carcinoma was not shown in any woman requesting pregnancy termination. Mean age of the 30 patients with severe changes was 24.7 years, the youngest 19 and the oldest 28. Mean parity of this group was 3. Ethnic background of all patients was similar to the population served. Age range for the total group was 13 to 42 years with 90.6% under 30 and 60% para 1 or less. When concimitant sterilization was desired hysterectomy was performed in cases of moderate dysplasia as well as severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Patients with dysplasia are thought to run almost 100 times the risk of cervical cancer than those with negative smears. Cytologic screening is considered an integral part of any abortion program.     

Sarcoma del estroma endometrial mixoide,una rara variante histopatológica. Dos casos clinicopatológicos

Myxoid endometrial stromal sarcoma is an extremely rare uterine neoplasm characterised by the presence of atypical predominantly myxoid material fusiform cells showing histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of endometrial stromal sarcoma.We present two clinicopathological cases of a 54-year-old woman and 76-year-old woman, both with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, enlarged uterus and myometrial wall-dependent tumour imaging, undergoing total hysterectomy with double oophorectomy with pathological diagnosis of myxoid endometrial stromal sarcoma.     

Prognosis of Japanese patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma associated with pelvic endometriosis: clinicopathologic evaluation

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma is commonly associated with pelvic endometriosis. We retrospectively evaluated clinicopathological data on the association between ovarian clear cell carcinoma and pelvic endometriosis. METHODS: Between 1984 and 1995, we evaluated clinicopathological data on 53 Japanese patients with primary ovarian clear cell carcinoma who had been initially treated at Keio University Hospital. The clinical backgrounds and 5-year survival rates were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty (37.7%) of the 53 patients had carcinoma accompanied by pelvic endometriosis. These 20 cases were classified as FIGO stage I (n = 13, 65%), stage II (n = 1, 5%), stage III (n = 6, 30%), or stage IV (n = 0). The other 33 cases of ovarian clear cell carcinoma had no evidence of association with endometriosis and were classified as stage I (n = 19, 57.6%), stage II (n = 2, 6.1%), stage III (n = 9, 27.2%), or stage IV (n = 3, 9.1%). The incidence of a positive intraperitoneal cytology in stage Ic was significantly less in the group with endometriosis than in that without the endometriosis (n = 1, 14.3% vs n = 9, 64.3%, P = 0.03). The 5-year survival rate of stage I patients was significantly greater in ovarian clear cell carcinoma with pelvic endometriosis (100%) than in that without it (60%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients having ovarian clear cell carcinoma with pelvic endometriosis exhibited a better prognosis than those without endometriosis, especially those patients with stage I cancer.     

Miscellaneous Uterine Malignant Neoplasms Detected during Hysteroscopic Surgery

Study ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of incidental miscellaneous uterine malignant neoplasms other than endometrioid adenocarcinoma detected during routine resectoscopic surgery in women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and to examine the effect of hysteroscopic surgery on long-term clinical outcome.DesignProspective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3).SettingUniversity-affiliated teaching hospital.PatientsWomen with AUB.InterventionFrom January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2008, one of the authors (G.A.V.) and several fellows performed primary hysteroscopic surgery at St. Joseph's Health Care in 3892 women with AUB. Of the 7 with malignant disease, one underwent hysteroscopic partial (n = 1) or complete (n = 6) rollerball electrocoagulation or endomyometrial resection. After diagnosis of uterine cancer, the women were counseled about the disease and management in accord with established clinical practice guidelines. Follow-up with office visits and telephone interviews ranged from 2 to 8 years (median, 6 years).Measurements and Main ResultsOf the 3892 women, 4 had undiagnosed and 3 had suspected miscellaneous uterine malignant neoplasms including 1 endometrial stromal sarcoma, 2 carcinosarcomas, 2 atypical polypoid adenomyomas of the endometrium, 1 minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the cervix, and 1 smooth-muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential. At 2 to 8 years of follow-up, 1 patient died accidentally after 1 year, 1 died of carcinomatosis of either coexisting breast cancer or a carcinosarcoma (postmortem examination was declined) after 1 year, and 5 were alive and well.ConclusionResectoscopic surgery in women with miscellaneous uterine malignant lesions not adversely affect 5-year survival and long-term prognosis.