杭州中学生烟草广告暴露现状及其影响因素分析

了解杭州市中学生烟草广告的暴露现状及其影响因素,为减少烟草广告暴露提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取杭州市初、高中各5所,职业中学2所,对3 593名在校学生进行问卷调查.结果 90.7%的调查对象报告在过去30 d内见过烟草广告和烟草赞助活动,28.9%报告见过烟草促销活动.销售卷烟的商店是烟草广告最常见到的地方(79.6%),其次是电视(57.9%)、户外广告牌(49.6%)和互联网(41.4%).烟草广告接受程度的危险因素有吸烟状态(OR=4.588)、家人吸烟状况(OR=1.222)、同伴吸烟状况(OR=1.500)、父母对孩子吸烟的态度(OR=1.897)、朋友对自己吸烟的态度(OR=2.400)、烟草广告和赞助暴露强度(OR=2.287)、烟草促销的暴露强度(OR=2.949).结论 青少年受到烟草广告、赞助和促销的暴露严重,应从家庭、学校和社会等层面营造无烟氛围,使青少年远离烟草危害.     

青岛初中生烟草使用情况及烟草广告和促销暴露调查

目的了解烟草广告和促销对青岛市初中生吸烟情况的影响,为开展学校控烟工作提供科学依据。方法于2014年9—11月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取山东省青岛市44所初中6 155名初中生为调查对象,采用全球青少年烟草调查核心问卷,了解青少年烟草使用情况、烟草广告和促销暴露等内容,对数据加权后,采用SPSS 19.0软件进行分析。结果青岛市初中生现在吸烟率为1.5%,尝试吸烟率为7.3%。在过去30 d内,34%的学生报告看到过烟草广告和促销,其中通过互联网看到的比例最高(12.8%),其次为户外广告牌(12.6%)、电视(11.9%)和报纸杂志(11.6%)。50.7%的学生在电视、录像、视频中看到过吸烟镜头,3.3%的学生报告自己拥有印着烟草品牌标识的物品。烟草广告和促销暴露与烟草使用状态之间有关联,现在吸烟者的烟草广告和促销暴露率最高(72.1%),高于不吸烟者(33.3%);尝试吸烟者的烟草广告和促销暴露率为55.6%,高于未尝试者暴露率(32.1%)。结论青岛市初中学生暴露于烟草广告和促销的现状严重,暴露使学生更容易对烟草使用持正向态度。     

江苏省青少年烟草广告暴露情况与吸烟易感性分析

了解江苏省2013年青少年烟草广告暴露情况及其与吸烟易感性的关系,为更有效地禁止青少年过早养成吸烟习惯提供基础数据.方法 2013年9-11月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法在江苏省14个监测点抽取5 697名初中在校学生进行自填问卷调查,对烟草广告暴露情况进行加权分析估计率及其95%CI,非吸烟学生易感性与烟草广告之间的关系采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 过去30 d内,青少年烟草广告暴露率为46.7%(95% CI=44.0% ~49.3%),男生(48.5%)大于女生(44.4%)(x2=9.63,P=0.04).烟草广告渠道暴露前3位的分别为电视(19.3%)、户外广告牌(19.1%)和烟草零售店(17.4%).在非吸烟青少年中,暴露于烟草广告者烟草易感性(10.4%)高于未暴露者(4.9%)(x2=54.6,P<0.01).暴露的烟草广告媒介越多,吸烟易感性就越高,暴露于4种以上广告渠道者未来烟草易感的OR值为3.67(95%CI=2.65~5.09).结论 青少年广泛暴露于烟草广告中,烟草广告暴露会增加不吸烟青少年的吸烟易感性.     

我国成年人烟草广告接触情况及影响因素分析

目的了解我国成年人烟草广告接触的分布情况及影响因素。方法利用2010年中国慢性病及危险因素监测数据,该监测采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,在全国162个监测点开展,共调查98 658名18岁及以上居民,通过面对面问卷收集烟草广告接触的相关信息。结果销售卷烟的商店(16.00%)、电视(15.77%)和广告牌(9.20%)是我国成年人最主要3类烟草广告接触的途径。多因素分析结果显示,女性比男性(OR=0.864,95%CI:0.783~0.953)成年人通过销售卷烟的商店接触烟草广告少,与文化程度为不识字/少识字相比,小学(OR=1.306,95%CI:1.111~1.536)、初中(OR=1.444,95%CI:1.162~1.795)、高中(OR=1.928,95%CI:1.503~2.474)和大学及以上(OR=2.232,95%CI:1.617~3.080)的成年人接触多,吸烟者比非吸烟者接触多(OR=1.267,95%CI:1.094~1.469)。吸烟者(0.67±0.05)接触销烟草广告途径得分高于非吸烟者(0.53±0.04)(P0.05)。结论烟草广告接触与烟草使用有关,销售卷烟的商店、电视和广告牌是我国成年人最主要3类烟草广告接触途径,应采取相应措施来控制。     

河南省初中学生烟草广告和促销暴露现状研究

目的 了解河南省青少年烟草广告和促销暴露现状,为控制青少年烟草使用提供科学有效的依据。 方法 采取多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,在河南省抽取16个调查点,48所初中,共7 789名在校学生进行问卷调查。 结果 47.00%的调查对象在过去30天内有过烟草广告和促销暴露,不同性别、年级、父母和朋友吸烟情况、每周零花钱数量的学生,有不同的烟草广告和促销暴露率;电视是学生获取烟草广告和促销的最主要途径(20.10%),其他途径依次是户外广告牌(18.87%)、烟草零售点(16.91%)、互联网(15.71%)、报纸杂志(12.53%)等。 结论 河南省初中学生烟草广告和促销的暴露情况非常严重,应严格按照新《广告法》的要求,全面禁止烟草广告和促销,保护青少年免受烟草危害。     

云南省德宏州不同民族吸烟行为及对烟草危害认识的对比分析

目的 对比分析德宏州汉族、傣族、景颇族的吸烟现状和对吸烟危害相关知识的认识情况。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样的方法,随机抽取7 052名15岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查,包括吸烟及相关知识情况。结果 汉族、傣族、景颇族居民的吸烟率分别为33.4%、35.9%、48.1%;被动吸烟率分别为44.5%、47.5%、46.4%。3种民族的男性吸烟率均远高于女性（χ2=1425.837,χ2=895.092,χ2=435.822,P<0.001）。3种民族中,男性吸烟者的初次吸烟年龄均以在15~24岁组所占比例最高（χ2=27.645,χ2=23.752,χ2=139.740,P<0.001）。景颇族吸烟者每日吸烟量少于汉族和傣族吸烟者,而汉族吸烟者每日吸烟量高于傣族和景颇族吸烟者（χ2=123.190,P<0.001）。汉族和傣族的女性居民对吸烟会导致胃肠道疾病、糖尿病、流产的正确回答率高于男性居民（χ2=13.014,χ2=11.114,P<0.01;χ2=12.721,P<0.01,χ2=6.747,P<0.05;χ2=35.559,χ2=19.932,P<0.001）;汉族女性居民对吸烟会导致脑卒中的正确回答率高于汉族男性居民（χ2=12.585,P<0.01）。结论 云南省德宏州的傣族、景颇族居民具有吸烟率高,但对烟草危害知识的知晓率低的特点。因此应加强健康教育,提高该人群对烟草危害的认识,减少烟草对少数民族的健康危害。     

河南省初中生烟草流行现状

了解河南省初中生吸烟现状,为相关部门制定青少年控烟措施提供参考.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在河南省城乡16个监测点抽取共48所初中学校7 789名学生.结果 河南省青少年尝试吸烟率为23.8%,随年龄增长而升高(x2 =69.296,P<0.01),男生(37.8%)高于女生(8.7%) (x2=99.078,P<0.01),农村(24.8%)高于城市(18.6%) (x2 =5.863,P=0.016);现在吸烟率为7.5%,随年龄升高而升高(x2=29.403,P<0.01),男生(13.3%)高于女生(11.2%)(x2 =89.912,P<0.02),农村(8.0%)高于城市(14.7%)(x2=5.137,P=0.023).初中生家中、室内公共场所和室外公共场所二手烟暴露率分别43.0%,56.9%和57.0%,均为男生高于女生(x2值分别为17.296,70.136,47.682,P值均<0.01).88.5%的现在吸烟者未因年龄小买烟被拒绝,男生(90.0%)高于女生(57.5%)(x2=5.980,P=0.015).过去30 d里39.9%的学生在烟草销售点看到过烟草广告,且仅有29.6%的学生认为一旦吸烟就很难戒断.结论 河南省青少年尝试吸烟率和现在吸烟率较高,二手烟暴露严重,烟草获得途经容易,烟草广告暴露率高,应尽早开展积极有效的控烟干预措施.     

西藏初中学生烟草广告和促销暴露现状

了解西藏初中学生烟草广告和促销暴露现状,为制定相应控烟措施提供参考.方法 采用全球青少年烟草调查(GYTS)问卷,多阶段分层整群随机抽取西藏3 652名初中学生进行问卷调查.结果 西藏初中学生烟草广告和促销暴露率为83.54%.单因素分析结果,不同性别、城乡、零花钱、父母吸烟情况和朋友吸烟情况的学生烟草广告和促销暴露率差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为41.118,28.782,19.558,51.211,75.095,P值均<0.01).非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、城市学生、零花钱>50元、父母亲都吸烟或仅父亲吸烟、多数朋友吸烟等因素是西藏初中学生烟草广告和促销暴露的危险因素(OR值分别为0.559,0.417,2.249,6.076,1.494,2.717,P值均<0.01);烟草广告和促销暴露组学生的吸烟率和尝试吸烟率分别是非暴露组的3.45,2.94倍(x2值分别为56.145,72.822,P值均<0.01).结论 西藏初中学生烟草广告和促销暴露情况较为严重.烟草广告和促销暴露能明显提高西藏初中学生吸烟率和尝试吸烟率,应多方面共同努力,营造无烟社会氛围.     

中国初中学生烟草广告和促销暴露现况调查

目的 了解中国初中在校学生烟草广告和促销暴露的现状。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法, 在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)初中在校学生中选取调查样本(n=155 117)。采用学生自填问卷方式收集数据, 内容主要包括烟草使用、二手烟暴露、烟草制品获得与价格、控烟宣传、烟草广告和促销、对烟草的认知和态度等。对数据加权后, 采用SAS 9.3软件进行数据分析。结果 在过去的30 d内, 48.5%的初中生见过烟草广告或促销。其中通过电视的比例最高(21.3%), 其次为户外广告牌(20.1%)、烟草零售点(17.5%)和互联网(15.6%)。此外, 4.6%的学生报告自己有印着烟草产品品牌的物品;2.0%的学生得到过烟草公司工作人员提供的免费烟草产品;25.2%的吸烟学生最近一次购买卷烟是按“支”购买的;69.7%的学生报告在电视/录像/电影中看到吸烟镜头。从未使用过烟草产品的学生中, 暴露于烟草广告和促销者认为吸烟更有吸引力、好朋友给烟可能会或肯定会吸、未来12个月可能会或肯定会吸烟、吸烟令人感到更舒服、自己可能会喜欢吸烟的比例均高于非暴露组(P<0.000 1)。结论 中国初中学生暴露于烟草广告和促销的现状相当严重, 暴露使学生更容易对烟草使用持正向态度。现有法律法规已不能充分有效保护青少年, 建议尽快修订《广告法》, 全面禁止烟草广告、促销和赞助。     

河北省初中生尝试吸烟行为及影响因素分析

目的 了解河北省初中生尝试吸烟情况及相关影响因素,为开展控烟干预工作和提出控烟政策提供支持。方法 2021年8—11月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取河北省初中在校学生为调查对象,使用中国疾病预防控制中心制定的《2021年中国青少年烟草流行调查问卷》,调查学生基本情况、烟草使用情况、二手烟暴露和烟草广告获取等信息,分析学生尝试吸烟情况及其影响因素。结果 河北省31 486名初中生中,尝试吸烟者3049人,加权后尝试吸烟率为9.42%(95%CI:8.00～11.05),男生明显高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);过去30 d内有过烟草广告及促销暴露的学生为17 139人,烟草广告及促销暴露率为54.36%,其中,在电视或视频暴露最高比例为48.67%(95%CI:46.65%～50.70%),其次在互联网暴露比例为15.41%(95%CI:14.60%～16.27%);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男生(OR=1.594,95%CI:1.997～2.709)、二年级(OR=1.320,95%CI:1.108～1.574)、1周零花钱>40元(OR=1....     

中国慢性病研究及防治实践的历史与现状

不论是心脑血管疾病、癌症、慢性呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病等主要慢性病,还是高血压、血脂异常、肥胖等中间疾病,或是吸烟、不合理膳食、少体力活动等不健康的生活方式,人群的流行病学研究数据都说明,慢性病是当前以及今后相当一段时期内对中国人群生命和健康的最大威胁,这已是一个不争的事实[1-3].     

长沙与国内五城市吸烟者吸烟特征的比较

目的探讨长沙成年吸烟者不同吸烟行为、戒烟行为、控烟政策支持的特征。为长沙市进一步开展控烟工作提供科学依据。方法根据国际烟草政策研究评估调查（ITC项目）要求，分别在长沙、北京、上海、沈阳、广州和银川6个城市使用多阶段抽样法，各抽取800名成年吸烟者，采用人户录音的方式进行面对面问卷调查。结果与结论与其他5个项目城市相比，长沙市吸烟者吸烟行为特征主要为：1．长沙市吸烟者每日吸烟量为21．47支／d、成瘾性HIS为2．80、吸本地烟的比例为95．07％；2．吸烟者戒烟5次以上的比例占10．5％、戒烟意愿不强、戒烟信心不足；3．控烟政策支持力度不够。     

Effectiveness of a Television Advertisement Campaign on Giving Cigarettes in a Chinese Population

Background

Anti-tobacco television advertisement campaigns may convey messages on smoking-related health consequences and create norms against giving cigarettes.

Methods

Altogether, 156 and 112 slots of a television advertisement “Giving cigarettes is giving harm” were aired on Suzhou and Yizheng, respectively, over one month in 2010. Participants were recruited from 15 locations in Suzhou and 8 locations in Yizheng using a street intercept method. Overall 2306 residents aged 18–45 years completed questionnaires, including 1142 before the campaign and 1164 after, with respective response rates of 79.1% and 79.7%. Chi square tests were used to compare the difference between categorical variables.

Results

After the campaign, 36.0% of subjects recalled that they had seen the advertisement. Residents of Suzhou had a higher recall rate than those of Yizheng (47.6% vs. 20.6%, P < 0.001). The rate of not giving cigarettes dropped from 32.1% before the campaign to 28.5% after (P = 0.05). In the post-campaign evaluation, participants who reported seeing the advertisement were more likely not to give cigarettes in the future than those who reported not seeing the advertisement (38.7% vs. 27.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study showed that an anti-tobacco television advertisements helped change societal norms and improve health behavior. Continuous and adequate funding of anti-tobacco media campaigns targeted at different levels of the general population is needed, in conjunction with a comprehensive tobacco control effort.Key words: anti-tobacco television campaign, giving cigarettes, tobacco control     

合肥市区烟草广告发布现状调查与分析

目的　了解合肥市区户外烟草广告和传播媒体烟草广告的发布情况 ,为加强对烟草广告的管理与限制提供依据。方法　现场沿街巡查广告牌、查阅报纸、随机收听收看广播电视节目。结果　合肥市区的 7条主要交通干道中 ,有 6条干道设置有巨幅户外烟草广告 ;影响较大的省、市级 14家传播媒体中 ,有 11家报纸、电视台和广播电台刊播烟草广告或“软广告” ;部分烟草广告的内容违反了有关规定的要求。结论　控烟工作及创建无烟草广告城市活动应从事实上的部门行为逐步走向政府行为 ,在控烟的同时必须严控烟草广告 ;各有关部门要切实履行相关职责 ,并有所作为 ;国家立法机关应加快控烟综合立法建设 ,进一步限制并逐步全面禁止烟草广告及各种烟草促销活动     

Concurrent use of tobacco products by California adolescents

BACKGROUND: To describe patterns and correlates of tobacco product use other than cigarettes in adolescents 12-17 years of age. METHODS: Adolescent respondents (N = 6090) to the 1999 California Tobacco Survey provided estimates of ever and current use (in last 30 days) of smokeless tobacco, cigars, and bidis, which were examined by cigarette smoking experience, demographics, and known predictors of cigarette use. RESULTS: Only 3% of adolescents who never smoked cigarettes experimented with other tobacco products. Among ever smokers who were not current smokers, the rate was 35%. Nearly 60% of current cigarette experimenters had tried another tobacco product, but almost 90% of current established smokers had experimented with one. Over 40% of current established smokers used another tobacco product in the last 30 days. Factors predictive of cigarette smoking were also highly associated with other tobacco use. In ever cigarette smokers, having peers who used other tobacco products was most highly associated with other tobacco use. Problem or risky behaviors, beliefs that cigarettes are safe or beneficial, and receptivity to tobacco promotions were also independently associated with other tobacco product use. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent smokers who use other tobacco products may be prone to risky behavior and such use may hasten the development of nicotine tolerance.     

Modified tobacco use and lifestyle change in risk-reducing beliefs about smoking

BACKGROUND: This study examined beliefs about potential risk-reduction strategies for tobacco users among a large group of young adults. Strategies examined included switching to low-yield cigarettes, replacing cigarettes with cigars, switching from cigarettes to smokeless tobacco, adopting a healthy diet, and engaging in regular exercise. METHODS: One-year longitudinal survey of 36,012 young adults (mean 20.1 years) entering the U.S. Air Force from October 1999 to September 2000. RESULTS: Smokers generally rated the strategies as providing more risk-reduction potential than never smokers or ex-smokers, although the group differences were small. Diet, exercise, and switching to low-yield cigarettes were rated as providing the most health benefits, regardless of smoking status. Smokers who had either changed their diet or exercise to lower their risks from smoking had significantly lower perceived personal risk of developing a tobacco-related disease than other smokers. Smokers who believed that switching to smokeless tobacco would lower the health risks associated with smoking were more likely, while smokers reporting switching to low-yield cigarettes were significant less likely, to quit during a 1-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Beliefs about the risk-reduction benefits of both changes in tobacco use and health behaviors may impact tobacco use attitudes and practices.     

云南省玉龙县≥35岁纳西族居民尼古丁依赖的社会经济差异分析

目的 了解云南省玉龙县纳西族居民尼古丁依赖现状,并分析其尼古丁依赖的社会经济差异。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法从云南省玉龙县纳西族聚居乡镇抽取1 402名≥35岁纳西族常住居民进行一对一面访问卷调查。结果 玉龙县纳西族居民现在吸烟率为31.1%,其中男性为66.6%,女性为0.9%;男性吸烟率高于女性（χ2=701.22,P<0.001）。436名现在吸烟者里,尼古丁依赖（fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence,FTND）平均得分为（5.28±2.22）分,其中男性为（5.28±2.21）分,女性为（5.57±2.70）分;开始吸烟年龄< 20岁、吸非过滤嘴香烟的现在吸烟者尼古丁依赖得分较高（均有P<0.05）。有序Logistic回归分析结果显示,收入水平低的纳西族现在吸烟者有更高的尼古丁依赖可能性;住房情况好的纳西族现在吸烟者有更高的尼古丁依赖可能性。结论 纳西族居民尼古丁依赖已成为严重的公共卫生问题,且存在一定的社会经济差异。应针对低收入水平与住房条件好的纳西族居民进行控烟宣传。     

Tobacco smoke inhalation pattern, tobacco type, and bladder cancer in Spain

The association between tobacco smoking and bladder cancer was investigated in a multicenter case-control study conducted in five provinces of Spain between 1983 and 1986. A matched analysis was carried out in males, based on 430 histologically confirmed cases, 405 hospital controls, and 386 population controls, matched by age and place of residence. An increased risk was found for smokers as compared with nonsmokers (odds ratio (OR) = 3.79, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.41-5.97), and this increase was significantly associated with the intensity of smoking. Smokers of filter-tipped cigarettes had a reduced risk as compared with smokers of non-filter-tipped cigarettes (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.32-1.02). A diminution of risk was also observed for smokers of low-tar and low-nicotine ("light") cigarettes. Depth of inhalation was strongly associated with illness. No difference was shown in the logistic regression model between smokers of black tobacco and smokers of blond tobacco after controlling for depth of inhalation. Although the number of persons who smoked blond tobacco exclusively was small, the results suggest that it is important to consider inhalation patterns when studying risk variations between smokers of black tobacco and smokers of blond tobacco. The age at which a person started to smoke did not appear to affect risk. An analysis of the decrease in risk associated with years since quitting smoking suggested that different components of cigarette smoke may play a role at different stages of the carcinogenic process.