甲醛对大鼠肾组织细胞的氧化损伤

目的探讨甲醛对大鼠肾细胞的氧化损伤效应。方法体内实验:以不同浓度的气态甲醛(0、0.5、1.0、3.0 mg/m~3)对大鼠连续吸入染毒72 h;体外实验:以不同浓度的液态甲醛(0、125、250、500μmol/L)对大鼠肾细胞染毒1 h后,按照试剂盒说明书检测总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、总一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果气态甲醛和液态甲醛染毒均使大鼠肾细胞的总SOD活力和总NOS活力呈现下降趋势,而MDA含量则呈上升趋势。体内实验中,气态甲醛3.0 mg/m~3浓度组SOD活力和NOS活力下降,1.0 mg/m~3及以上浓度组MDA含量上升,与气态甲醛0 mg/m~3浓度组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);体外实验中,液态甲醛250μmol/L及以上浓度组SOD活力和NOS活力下降,250μmol/L及以上浓度组MDA含量升高,与液态甲醛0μmol/L组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论较高浓度的甲醛可以使大鼠肾细胞总SOD活力和总NOS活力下降,使MDA含量增加。     

甲醛致V79细胞DNA-蛋白质交联作用及其修复

目的探讨甲醛诱导DNA-蛋白质交联作用及其修复效应。方法采用培养V79细胞株作为实验材料,以不同浓度的液态甲醛(0、50、100、200、400、800、1 600μmol/L)对细胞染毒1 h后检测DPC率,并根据实验结果选取200μmol/L对培养细胞株进行修复实验(修复0、6、12、18、24 h)。采用KCl-SDS沉淀法检测DPC率。结果较高浓度的液态甲醛(≥200μmol/L)可以产生明显的DPC效应(P<0.05);由200μmol/L浓度的液态甲醛诱导V79细胞产生明显的DPC(P<0.05),经过修复可以恢复到空白对照水平(P>0.05)。结论较高浓度的甲醛可以明显诱导DPC形成,甲醛所致的DNA-蛋白质交联可以得到修复。 更多还原     

甲醛致A549细胞DNA-蛋白质交联及其修复效应

目的 探讨甲醛诱导DNA-蛋白质交联作用及其修复效应.方法 于37℃条件下,以不同浓度的液态甲醛(0、50、100、200、400、800、1 600 μmol/L)对培养人类肺肿瘤(A549)细胞(对数生长期)染毒1 h后,检测A549细胞的DPC系数.于37℃下对100 μmol/L液态甲醛染毒1 h的A549细胞的DPC修复0、6、12、18、24 h,设1个空白对照组,并检测A549细胞的DPC系数.采用KCI-SDS沉淀法检测DPC系数.结果 与溶剂对照组(0 μmol/L)比较,100、200、400、800、1 600μmol/L甲醛染毒组A549细胞的DPC系数均较高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).50 μmol/L甲醛染毒组A549细胞的DPC系数与溶剂对照组相比虽有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).经过100 μmol/L的液态甲醛给A549细胞染毒后,0 h修复组DPC系数高于空白对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).液态甲醛诱导A549细胞产生的DPC经过6、12和18 h修复后,DPC系数与0 h修复组相比虽有下降趋势,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);经过24 h修复后,DPC系数低于0 h修复组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但与空白对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 较高浓度的甲醛可以明显诱导DPC形成,甲醛所致的DPC可以得到修复.     

甲醛致雄性大鼠脑和睾丸细胞DNA-蛋白质交联的研究

目的探讨气态甲醛致雄性大鼠脑细胞和睾丸细胞DNA-蛋白质交联（DNA-protein crosslinks,DPC）作用。方法将24只SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别为0.5、1.0、3.0mg／m。气态甲醛染毒组和阴性对照组。连续动态吸入染毒72h后,应用KCl-SDS沉淀法检测大鼠脑和睾丸组织DNA-蛋白质交联的含量。结果与阴性对照组比较,0.5mg／m^2气态甲醛染毒组大鼠脑和睾丸组织的DPC系数差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,随着甲醛浓度的增加,DPC系数逐渐升高。与阴性对照组比较,1.0、3.0mg／m^3气态甲醛染毒组大鼠脑和睾丸组织DPC系数升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）结论低浓度（0.5mg／m^3）的气态甲醛不能引起大鼠脑和睾丸组织产生DPC效应,而较高浓度（1.0、3.0mg／m^3）的气态甲醛可明显诱导其产生DPC效应,造成严重的DNA损伤。     

甲醛致大鼠离体骨髓细胞DNA-蛋白质交联的研究

目的检测经不同浓度甲醛染毒后所致大鼠骨髓细胞的DNA-蛋白质交联程度。方法采用KCl-SDS沉淀法检测液态甲醛所致DNA-蛋白质交联（DPC）效应。结果低浓度的甲醛（10μmol／L和50μmol／L）能引起DNA-蛋白质的交联;较高浓度的甲醛（250μmol／L和1250μmol／L）可以产生明显的DNA-蛋白质交联作用（P〈0．01）。结论甲醛可造成骨髓细胞DNA-蛋白质交联,而DPC可以对细胞产生严重的遗传毒性,这可能是甲醛导致白血病的分子机制之一。     

甲醛吸入染毒对小鼠DNA损伤的影响

目的探讨甲醛吸入染毒对小鼠脾、肝、肺和肾组织细胞DNA的损伤作用。方法将40只健康昆明种小鼠随机分为5组,混合物静式吸入染毒,用不同剂量(0.0、0.75、1.5、3.0、6.0mg/m3)的甲醛染毒小鼠2周,第15天处理动物后,取脾、肝、肺、肾组织制成细胞悬液,用单细胞凝胶电泳实验观察其细胞DNA损伤水平。结果染毒后小鼠脾、肝、肺、肾组织细胞DNA出现损伤,且损伤程度与染毒剂量具有一定相关性。与空白对照组比较,3种组织细胞各剂量组细胞DNA拖尾率和彗星尾长均显著增加;随着甲醛染毒浓度的升高,脾、肝、肺和肾细胞拖尾率和彗星尾长增加。结论甲醛可引起小鼠的脾、肝、肺、肾组织细胞DNA损伤。     

甲醛对大鼠组织细胞DNA的损伤作用

目的探讨甲醛对大鼠肝、肾、肺组织细胞DNA损伤作用。方法将24只健康SD大鼠随机分为6组,用蒸馏水及不同剂量（10、20、30、40mg／kg）的甲醛溶液和环磷酰胺经腹腔染毒阴性对照组、染毒组和阳性对照组大鼠,第2天处理动物后,取肝、肾、肺组织用单细胞凝胶电泳实验观察其细胞DNA损伤水平。结果甲醛对大鼠的肝、肾、肺组织细胞DNA具有损伤作用,染毒剂量和损伤呈现一定的剂量一反应关系。随着甲醛染毒浓度的升高,肾、肺、肝细胞拖尾率增加,头尾比降低。结论甲醛可引起大鼠的肝、肾、肺组织细胞DNA损伤,从而进一步证实甲醛具有遗传毒性。     

姜黄素对甲醛致A549细胞DNA-蛋白质交联损伤的拮抗作用

为探讨姜黄素对甲醛致A549细胞DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)的拮抗效应,采用培养A549细胞株作为实验材料,分为正常对照组、0.1 mmol/L甲醛组、姜黄素拮抗组(2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/L姜黄素+0.1 mmol/L甲醛组),对细胞染毒4 h后采用氯化钾-十二烷基硫酸钠沉淀法检测DPC率。结果显示,0.1 mmol/L甲醛染毒组DPC率高于对照组(P0.05),各姜黄素拮抗组DPC率均低于0.1 mmol/L甲醛组,但2.5、5.0、10.0 mg/L姜黄素拮抗组的DPC率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),20.0 mg/L姜黄素拮抗组DPC率与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。提示较高浓度的姜黄素可以拮抗甲醛所致的DNA-蛋白质交联损伤。     

气态甲醛暴露与小鼠肺组织NO合成水平的相关研究

目的探索气态甲醛暴露对小鼠肺组织一氧化氮(NO)代谢的影响。方法24只成年雄性昆明小鼠随机分4组,每组6只,连续72h用不同浓度气态甲醛(0、0.5、1.0、3.0mg/m3)对小鼠进行仿真式染毒,测定小鼠肺组织中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力水平和NO阳性检出率。结果低浓度甲醛暴露(≤0.5mg/m3)可抑制肺组织NOS活力(P<0.05),NO浓度很低,而高浓度甲醛暴露则可使肺组织NOS水平升高(P<0.05),气道的NO浓度增高。结论甲醛在机体内存在双向作用,随着甲醛浓度升高,小鼠肺组织NOS活力呈现先抑制而后升高的变化趋势,其NO阳性检出率亦呈现此规律。     

吸入甲醛对大鼠肝、肺、肾细胞的DNA交联作用

居室低剂量甲醛长时间污染的潜在危害。已成为公众关注的社会问题之一。也是环境卫生领域研究的热点和难点。体外实验已证实甲醛具有致突变性，但吸入甲醛在哺乳动物体内实验有无致突变性结果不一。而且吸入甲醛对肺、肝、肾等脏器遗传损伤的体内实验报道较少。本文通过吸入甲醛染毒。采用溴乙锭荧光法。检测其对SD大鼠肺、肝、肾组织细胞DNA的损伤作用。为进一步研究甲醛的遗传毒性效应提供依据。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.