TVT及TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁疗效的Meta分析

目的 评估无张力尿道悬吊带术(TVT)及无张力尿道吊带术-闭孔系统(TVT-O)治疗压力性尿失禁(SUI)的疗效.方法 以"TVT,TVT-O,TOT,SUI,RCT"及"无张力尿道中段吊带术,经闭孔无张力尿道中段吊带术,压力性尿失禁"等为检索词,在MEDLINE,PUBMED,EMBASE,Google Scholar,CNKI,万方数据库检索2001年1月至2007年3月,国内外公开发表的中英文关于TVT及TVT-O手术疗效及其并发症的研究文献,选取其中病例数＞30例的随机对照实验进行Meta综合定量分析,根据固定效应模型和随机效应模型计算结果的一致程度及失效安全系数进行敏感性分析.结果共有6篇文献入选,TVT及TVT-O术后1～17个月的疗效差异无统计学意义(OR=0.67;95%CI 0.40,1.13).TVT-O术膀胱损伤(OR=0.15;95% CI 0.03,0.66)的发生率低于TVT,而术后疼痛(OR=8.61;95% CI 3.03,24.52)的发生率高于TVT,其他并发症如术后尿急(OR=1.16;95% CI 0.54,2.47)、尿潴留(OR=0.54;95% CI 0.24,1.20)、尿路感染(OR=1.07;95% CI 0.61,1.87)的发生率均差异无统计学意义.结论 TVT和TVT-O两种术式的疗效相近,而术后并发症,TVT-O组未报道膀胱穿孔的发生,但术后疼痛多见,其他并发症的发生率没有明显差异.     

The effect of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure on sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) on sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by questionnaire. Thirty-two sexually active and married women who were planned for TVT to treat SUI constituted the patient group, and 25 women who were healthy, sexually active and married, were selected as the control group; the ages of both groups matched. Sexual functions (desire, arousal, orgasm, pain and satisfaction) were evaluated with the Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF), and continence status during sexual intercourse was asked about both preoperatively and postoperatively in the 6th month. The mean domain scores of sexual functions such as desire, arousal, orgasm, pain and overall satisfaction preoperatively and postoperatively were 3.37±0.69, 3.82±0.62, 3.40±0.95, 3.41±0.98, 3.16±1.09 and 3.32±0.79, 3.71±0.53, 3.06±1.04, 2.75±1.29, 2.88±0.63, respectively, and postoperative scores insignificantly decreased. Also, these scores in the control group were 3.64±0.66, 3.96±0.73, 4.12±0.78, 3.96±1.14 and 3.68±0.92. In comparison with the control group, whereas all of the preoperative domain scores were found to be decreased but were statistically insignificant except orgasmic function, postoperative scores significantly worsened, except for desire and arousal. However, preoperatively nine patients explained that they had incontinence during sexual intercourse, and this problem persisted in twopostoperatively (p = 0.043). This study shows that both SUI and the TVT procedure negatively affect sexual function in women.Abbreviations FSD Female sexual dysfunction - SUI Stress urinary incontinence - TVT Tension-free vaginal tape Editorial Comment: This study examines female sexual function in relation to SUI and the TVT procedure. The conclusion is that as a rule SUI negatively affects female sexual function. A successful TVT procedure does not improve patients perception of sexual function. Counseling for sexual dysfunction should therefore be part of the preoperative investigation.     

经阴道无张力吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的体会

目的探讨经阴道无张力吊带术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的疗效及安全性。方法对2002年5月至2004年12月施行TVT的114例女性SUI患者资料进行回顾性研究。根据Stamey尿失禁分级系统评价TVT手术的有效性。术后较术前尿失禁等级评分改善2级或2级以上为显著改善,1级为改善,无改善甚至加重为无效。术后尿失禁等级为0~1级为完全控尿,2级为有效控尿,3~4级为无效。评估术前、术后的24h尿垫试验及尿动力学检查结果。并对并发症进行统计和分析。结果随访110例(96.5%),随访时间6~30个月。24h尿垫试验术前(38.3±10.4)g,术后(8.8±7.4)g;尿失禁症状评分从术前42.3±11.4,术后20.4±9.2;尿失禁等级评分显著改善者94例(85.5%),改善者12例(10.9%),无效者4例(3.6%)。术后完全控尿者89例(80.9%),有效控尿者14例(12.7%),无效者7例(6.4%)。术中发生膀胱穿孔2例(1.8%),出血14例(12.7%)。术后1个月内有排尿不畅者9例(8.2%),尿频、尿急者12例(10.9%),尿潴留者1例(0.9%);术后6个月后有耻骨上不适者8例(7.3%),排尿不尽者2例(1.8%),尿频、尿急者3例(2.7%)。1例反复尿潴留患者经保守治疗无效,最终将吊带切断。术后未出现吊带处阴道黏膜糜烂和明显盆腔血肿。结论TVT术是目前治疗女性SUI的一种有效、安全的微创手术。     

无张力性吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨无张力阴道吊带术(tension-free vaginal tape，TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法13例经尿动力学检查证实为压力性尿失禁在连续硬膜外麻醉下经阴道前壁行无张力阴道吊带术，低平截石位，经阴道前壁向上穿刺尿道两侧间隙，从耻骨上腹壁引出TVT吊带，调整张力，关闭切口。结果手术时间15～45min，平均35min。13例随访6～24个月，平均13个月，12例治愈，1例改善，无尿失禁复发或排尿困难。结论TVT操作简单，创伤小，手术时间短，术后恢复快，治疗压力性尿失禁疗效好。     

无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁(附13例报告)

目的　评价无张力阴道吊带术 (TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁疗效。　方法　女性压力性尿失禁患者 13例 ,经临床和尿动力学检查确诊 ,均为稳定性膀胱 ,膀胱出口无梗阻。采用Prolene聚丙烯网状吊带 ,手术自阴道前壁切口经耻骨后向下腹部穿刺 ,将吊带无张力置于尿道中段。　结果　手术时间平均 (38± 7)min ;术中出血量平均 (4 5± 10 )ml;术后平均留置导尿 2d ;术后平均住院 4d。13例患者术后尿失禁症状均消失。 1例患者术后出现尿潴留 ,留置导尿 2周后无改善 ,予手术切断吊带 ,尿潴留症状消失 ,尿失禁未复发。　结论　TVT手术疗效确切 ,操作简便 ,对患者损伤小 ,并发症发生率低 ,是一种治疗女性压力性尿失禁的有效方法。     

经耻骨后及经闭孔无张力阴道吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的效果

目的对比观察经耻骨后径路无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)和经闭孔径路无张力阴道吊带术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的效果。方法2002年6月至2005年5月,行女性SUI无张力阴道吊带术81例。患者年龄35~79岁,平均51岁。病程6个月~30年。其中行TVT58例、行TVT-O术者23例。以术后增加腹压有无尿液溢出为疗效判断标准。结果TVT组TVT-O组手术时间分别为30~60min[平均(36.4±7.6)min]、20~35min[平均(24.4±5.1)min](P<0.01)。81例中,74例(91.4%)尿失禁症状完全消失,5例(6.2%)改善,2例(2.5%)失败。TVT组治愈52例(89.7%)、改善4例(6.9%)、失败2例(3.4%);TVT-O组治愈22例(95.7%)、改善1例(4.3%);2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TVT组和TVT-O组分别有6例(10.3%)和2例(8.7%)发生术后排尿困难;TVT组3例(5.2%)术中发生膀胱损伤,1例(1.7%)术后发生耻骨后血肿;TVT-O组3例(13.0%)术后2d内出现双下肢短暂性活动障碍自行缓解。结论无张力阴道吊带术是一种治疗女性SUI安全有效的方法,TVT-O较TVT更为简单,创伤更小,并发症轻。     

Preoperative maximal flow rate may be a predictive factor for the outcome of tension-free vaginal tape procedure for stress urinary incontinence

This study examined factors potentially predicting on the outcome of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure for stress urinary incontinence. A total of 60 women (aged 35–71 years, mean 57) with at least follow-up of 2 years were included in the study. The tension-free vaginal tape procedure was performed under local anesthesia except in two patients. At the latest follow-up 50 (83.3%) were cured of stress urinary incontinence. Two patients had new-onset urge symptoms without urge incontinence episodes. Multivariate regression analysis showed maximal flow rate to be associated with 0.9-fold risk of the failure; no other parameters had statistical significance. Our results confirm the feasibility and safety of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure and demonstrate that preoperative low maximal flow rate may be associated with the failure of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure.Editorial comment: The authors in this study evaluated the outcome of the tension-free vaginal tape based on subjective and objective parameters and evaluated possible predictors of failure associated with this procedure using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Their rates of cure, improvement, and failure of, respectively, 83.3%, 11.7%, and 5.0% are comparable to those of other studies. Of all the clinical parameters evaluated they found only one statistically significant variable associated with outcome. Higher preoperative maximal flow rate was associated with a decreased likelihood of failure. The authors propose several hypotheses to explain for this finding, including poor detrusor contractility, low urethral mobility during the voiding phase, and low urethral pressure. To provide clinical usefulness one needs to determine at what cutoff does maximum flow rate become a risk factor for failure of the TVT.     

无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁84例临床分析

目的 探讨经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床疗效.方法 女性SUI患者84例,经临床病史收集、尿动力学检查及生活质量评分等确诊.采用TVT将聚丙烯吊带无张力置于尿道中段,对其中15例阴道壁脱垂患者同时行阴道壁修补术.测定患者TVT手术前后尿动力学检查、生活质量评分以及总体手术疗效在术后随访期限内的变化.结果 75例患者按时进行复诊,9例患者因年龄或居住外省等原因进行电话随访.随访时间1月至11年,通过主观及客观检查证实72例(85.7％)治愈,9例(10.7％)好转,3例(3.6％)无效.11年随访过程该数值较为稳定(P＞0.90).在多变量分析中,肥胖(HR:2.61,P=0.03)及盆底手术史(HR:0.33,P=0.001)是SUI术后复发的独立危险因素.随访过程没有出现需外科手术干预的并发症.结论 TVT因其微创、操作简便、并发症少及术后恢复快、临床疗效稳定成为女性压力性尿失禁外科手术的首选手术术式.     

自制可调吊带治疗女性压力性尿失禁16例临床观察

目的:探讨应用自制吊带在经阴道无张力性尿道中段悬吊术(TVT)中的临床价值。方法:采用美国强生公司生产的prolene材料的网状疝气补片,自制成TVT吊带,对16例平均年龄为59.2岁、病程4-11年的压力性尿失禁患者施行TVT手术。结果:16例患者术后随访6个月-2年,9例压力试验和尿垫试验<2 g/h,生活质量评分改善90%以上;7例尿失禁量减少80%以上,尿垫试验<10 g/h,生活质量评分改善达到75%以上。均无伤口感染,2例出现尿潴留,2例穿透膀胱颈。结论:自制TVT吊带过程简单,价格便宜,手术疗效确切,创伤小,患者恢复快,易于推广。     

Use of three-dimensional ultrasound scan to assess the clinical importance of midurethral placement of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for treatment of incontinence

The aim of the study is to illustrate that the midurethral positioning of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) may not be necessary to achieve continence. Our secondary aim is to highlight that a fair number of successfully performed TVT procedures do not result in midurethral position of the tape. A review of 31 women who underwent TVT operations and consecutively returned for their follow-up visits from July 2003 to November 2003 was conducted. Their TVT procedures were performed between March 2000 and August 2003. Transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound was used to identify and obtain objective measurements of the position of the TVT tape relative to the urethra. Any patients with significant coexisting vault or uterovaginal prolapse were surgically corrected at the same time. Their stress urinary incontinence was objectively diagnosed by performing urodynamic studies (dual-channel subtraction cystometry, erect stress test) in the outpatient urogynaecology clinic. Postoperatively, patients were reviewed at 1 month and then at 6 months followed by annual reviews subsequently. All women were reassessed at the 6-month follow-up visit with a filling and voiding cystometry to detect recurrent genuine stress incontinence and detrusor instability. Any woman complaining of stress urinary incontinence after that was reassessed with urodynamic studies as mentioned above. The majority of women (67.7%, 21 women) had the TVT tape located in the middle one-third of the urethra; 9.7% (3 women) and 22.6% (7 women) of women had the TVT tape situated in the proximal and distal one-third of the urethra, respectively. Despite this, all 31 women remained continent at their postoperative follow-up visits. The midurethral position of the TVT tape may not be essential in restoring continence. The TVT tape once inserted may not always rest in the midurethral position as described.     

MRI visualization of the female pelvis in the plane of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure

We evaluated the distances and angles of the major blood vessels from various pelvic structures in the plane of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in 19 pelvic MR imagies. The major blood vessels were the iliofemoral vessels. The mean distance of the left iliofemoral vessels from the midline was 5.7±0.4 cm, and 5.7±0.3 cm for the right vessels. The mean distance of the left sacral tuberosities from the midline was 5.5±0.4 cm, and 5.6±0.3 cm for the right vessels. The angle between the midurethra and the left iliofemoral vessels was 50.6±4.4 cm, and 49.6±4.0 cm for the right. A significant correlation was found between the distance of the right and left iliofemoral vessels from the midline and the distance of right and left sacral tuberosities from the midline (P<0.01, P<0.007). We suggest that palpation of the sacral tuberosities might indicate the location of the iliofemoral blood vessels.Abbreviations - TVT Tension-free vaginal tape - - MRI Magnetic resonance imagingEditorial Comment: The authors evaluated the distances and angles of the major pelvic blood vessels in the plane of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in 19 pelvic MR images. A statistically significant correlation was found between the distance of the iliofemoral vessels from the midline and the distance of the sacral tuberosities from the midline. The authors suggest that palpation of the sacral tuberosities might alert the surgeon to those patients at greater risk for iliofemoral vessel injury during the TVT procedure.The main concern with this study is that the pelvic MR images were obtained in the supine position whereas the TVT is performed in the lithotomy position, which may change the relations of pelvic blood vessels with reference to the urethra. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this interesting observation in reducing vascular injuries during the TVT procedure.     

Effect of tension-free vaginal tape and TVT-obturator on lower urinary tract symptoms other than stress urinary incontinence

Variable effects on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) other than stress urinary incontinence (SUI) have been reported after tension-free vaginal tape (TVT). We measured the effect of TVT on LUTS using the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI). Patients undergoing TVT completed the AUASI pre- and post-operatively. Total scores (TS), storage scores (SS), and voiding scores (VS) were compared overall and among patients with SUI vs mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and those who underwent TVT vs TVT-obturator (TVT-O). The mean change in TS and SS was −3.6 and −3.0. Mean reductions in TS and SS were significant in all patient subsets with no change in VS. There was no significant difference in the mean changes in TS between patients with SUI vs MUI or those undergoing TVT vs TVT-O. LUTS are improved after TVT in most patients. In general, voiding symptoms were not adversely affected.     

无张力阴道吊带术微创治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的:评价无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法:对女性压力性尿失禁患者18例,经临床和尿动力学检查确诊,均为稳定性膀胱,无膀胱出口梗阻。采用TVT术,将吊带无张力置于尿道中段。结果:手术时间平均(40±6)min;术中出血量平均(43±11) ml;术后平均留置导尿1.5d;术后平均住院3d。18例患者术后尿失禁症状均消失。1例患者术后出现尿潴留,留置导尿1 周后好转,尿潴留症状消失,尿失禁未复发。结论:TVT手术因其简单,微创,疗效好,并发症少,目前可作为女性压力性尿失禁手术治疗的首选术式。     

A transvaginal ultrasound study comparing transobturator tape and tension-free vaginal tape after surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence

This study was carried out to compare ultrasonographic findings on patients after transobturator tape (TOT) and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedures to evaluate displacement of tapes up to a 2-year follow-up and to test the correlation between bladder outlet obstruction and the tape position. Forty-nine patients had a transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation after TOT (n=31) or TVT (n=18) procedures. Twenty-one patients from the TOT group and 12 from the TVT group had ultrasonographic evaluation both at 1 and 2 years follow-up. Tape position was evaluated with a complete sagittal view, and the width of the tape and the distance between the middle of the tape and the bladder neck were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using a t test. After clinical evaluation, stress test, and uroflowmetry with residual measurement, the tapes were compared on ultrasound with regard to clinical and urodynamic results: success in stress incontinence vs failure, bladder outlet obstruction vs no obstruction, and de novo urgencies vs no urgencies. No difference was found between TOT and TVT in the midurethral tape placement. The distance between the middle of the tape and the bladder neck at rest was similar at both 1 and 2 years after both TOT and TVT and was unchanged after coughing or Valsalva. The width of the tape was similar after TOT and TVT at both 1 and 2 years after the procedure. There was no difference in the distance between the middle of the tape and the bladder neck between cured patients, failure, bladder outlet obstruction, and de novo urgencies after both TOT and TVT. Transvaginal ultrasound examination showed no significant difference in the tape position between TOT and TVT. No correlation was found between ultrasonographic findings and postoperative voiding troubles for both techniques.     

Development of vesical calculi following tension-free vaginal tape procedure

We present a case of a bladder stone that had formed around the intravesical portion of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) material following unnoticed bladder perforation during the procedure. Endoscopic lithotripsy of the bladder calculi was performed and the TVT sling material was removed by an endoscopic approach. High clinical suspicion of bladder complications is necessary when evaluating patients presenting with urinary symptoms after a TVT procedure.     

The very obese woman and the very old woman: tension-free vaginal tape for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence

A mailed questionnaire was sent to 970 consecutive women who underwent a tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure between 1995 and 2001 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Falun Hospital. Seven hundred and sixty (78.4%) women responded. The outcome was compared between women older than 75 years (n=113) and younger women, and between women with a body mass index (BMI) above 35 (n=61) and those who had normal weight. Mean follow-up was 5.7 years. Thirty-six elderly women and one of the obese women were deceased at the long-term follow-up. TVT was easy to perform and was a safe procedure for women in all groups. There was a sharp decrease in cure rate of any urinary incontinence problems among women aged 75 years or more (55.7%), as compared to those who were younger (79.7%). The cure rate moderately decreased from BMI groups 19–24 to 30–34. BMI ≥35 seemed to be the best explanatory cutoff level. The overall cure rate in women of normal weight was 81.2%, as compared to 52.1% in the very obese. The cure rate for urinary incontinence with tension-free vaginal tape in women above 75 years of age and in women with a BMI above 35 was acceptable, but lower as compared to the remaining study population.     

经阴道无张力悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁及并发症防治

目的 探讨女性压力性尿失禁（SUI）的微创手术治疗效果及并发症的防治。方法2002年10月至2004年12月采用经阴道无张力悬吊带术（TVT）治疗女性SUI患者33例，2例合并子宫肌瘤者同时行腹腔镜子宫切除术。出院前行1h尿垫试验观察疗效，术后3个月行尿流率和膀胱剩余尿测定观察对排尿的影响。结果 33例患者手术时间25～50min，平均33min，出血量10～23ml，平均18ml。术中膀胱穿孔3例，双侧1例、单侧2例。耻骨后血肿2例，经保守治疗痊愈。术后24～48h30例拔尿管，平均38h，3例膀胱穿孔者拔管时间为4～5d。32例患者排尿良好，1例出现尿潴留。随访1～29个月，患者可自主控尿30例，1h尿垫试验由术前的平均46g（10～85g）降至术后1．2g（0～2g），其余3例用力咳嗽时有少许尿液滴出，1h尿垫试验平均为5．2g（3～9．5g），总治愈率91％（30／33），显效3例。术后3个月31例行尿流率和剩余尿测定，平均尿流率（ml／s）、最大尿流率（ml／s）和剩余尿量（m1）术前为10．4、21．5、10．5，术后为11．5、20．4、11．8，手术前后比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论　经阴道尿道中段无张力悬吊带术可安全有效治疗女性压力性尿失禁。     

Female sexual function following surgery for stress urinary incontinence: tension-free vaginal versus transobturator tape procedure

The aim of this study was to compare sexual function outcome following tension-free vaginal (TVT) versus transobturator tape (TOT) for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). All women who underwent TVT or TOT procedures for SUI with no concomitant prolapse repair between January 2002 and July 2007 were sent a retrospective pre-post questionnaire. Eighty-one and 64 women were sexually active before and after TVT and TOT procedures, respectively. Sexual function outcome did not differ pre- and postoperatively for the TVT and TOT groups, and postoperatively between the two groups. Responders reported an improvement of intercourse satisfaction in 23 (29.5%) and 21 (32.9%) cases, whereas 14 (17.3%) and eight (12.5%) complained of sexual function deterioration after TVT and TOT procedure, respectively (p = 0.43). This study suggests that anti-incontinence surgery can have a positive and negative outcome on sexual function, with no significant differences between the TVT and TOT procedures.     

Intravesical tape erosion following the tension-free vaginal tape procedure for stress urinary incontinence

We report a case of intravesical tape erosion which occurred 6 months after the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure, which was successfully treated by partial tape removal. A 75-year-old woman, who had complained of recurrent cystitis after TVT procedure, was referred to Kobe City General Hospital in August 2003. The intravesical tape erosion was revealed by cystoscopy and computed tomography, and the tape was removed with a retropubic approach. The recurrent cystitis has been cured and the stress urinary incontinence has not recurred. The intravesical tape erosion was rare, with only seven reported cases including the present case.     

TVT手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床分析

目的探讨女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的诊断及无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年5月至2004年8月我院16例女性压力性尿失禁患者无张力阴道吊带治疗效果、并发症情况。结果手术时间平均31.5min。术中出血平均62mL。随访1~15个月,全部病例均治愈,未见远期并发症。结论无张力阴道吊带术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁有效、安全、微创的方法,值得推广。