Stability of the Combination of Ceftazidime and Cephazolin in Icodextrin or pH Neutral Peritoneal Dialysis Solution

♦ Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution.♦ Methods: Ceftazidime and cephazolin were injected into either a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bag to obtain the concentration of 125 mg/L of each antibiotic. A total of nine 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bags containing ceftazidime and cephazolin were prepared and stored at 1 of 3 different temperatures: 4°C in a domestic refrigerator; 25°C at room temperature; or 37°C (body temperature) in an incubator. An aliquot was withdrawn immediately before (0 hour) or after 12, 24, 48, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 336 hours of storage. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate for the concentration of ceftazidime and cephazolin using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Ceftazidime and cephazolin were considered stable if they retained more than 90% of their initial concentration. Samples were also assessed for pH, colour changes and evidence of precipitation immediately after preparation and on each day of analysis.♦ Results: Ceftazidime and cephazolin in both types of PD solution retained more than 90% of their initial concentration for 168 and 336 hours respectively when stored at 4°C. Both of the antibiotics lost more than 10% of the initial concentration after 24 hours of storage at 25 or 37°C. There was no evidence of precipitation at any time under the tested storage conditions. Change in the pH and color was observed at 25 and 37°C, but not at 4°C.♦ Conclusion: Premixed ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD solution is stable for at least 168 hours when refrigerated. This allows the preparation of PD bags in advance, avoiding the necessity for daily preparation. Both the antibiotics are stable for at least 24 hours at 25 and 37°C, permitting storage at room temperature and pre-warming of PD bags to body temperature prior to its administration.     

Masked Hypoglycemia in the Presence of Icodextrin for Peritoneal Dialysis

Background

Handheld glucose meters remain a rapid means of excluding hypoglycemia as a cause of altered mental status in the Emergency Department. However, emergency physicians must be alert for factors that can mask hypoglycemia at the bedside.

Case Report

An 80-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis presents with altered mental status, hypotension, and a bedside handheld glucose meter reading of 99 mg/dL. His mental status failed to improve with treatment of hypotension and the patient was intubated for airway protection. Laboratory-measured serum glucose was 29 mg/dL. His mental status improved after glucose administration. It was subsequently determined that the patient used icodextrin (Extraneal^®, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL) as his peritoneal dialysate. This is partly absorbed into serum and hydrolyzed to oligosaccharides that are falsely detected as glucose by many handheld glucose meters.

Conclusion

The peritoneal dialysate icodextrin can produce falsely elevated bedside glucose meter values. As the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and dialysis increases, emergency physicians must remain vigilant for such cases of unrecognized hypoglycemia.     

腹膜透析患者残余肾功能对营养状况的影响初步探讨

【目的】初步探讨残余肾功能（RRF）对腹膜透析（PD）患者营养状况的影响。【方法】检测54名PD患者血清营养学指标和以主观综合营养评估法评估患者营养状况变化,以肾脏尿素氮（BUN）与肌酐清除率（CCr）的算术平均值评估患者RRF。【结果】PD患者普遍存在营养不良,发生率为64．8％（35／54）,早期开始透析,RRF较好者,营养不良发生率明显低于RRF较差组（P〈0．01）。PD患者随着透析时间的延长,RRF逐渐下降,但营养恶化组,RRF下降更明显。【结论】PD患者RRF是影响营养状况的重要因素之一。     

Time Course of Peritoneal Function in Automated and Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis

♦ Background and Objectives: In automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), a patient’s peritoneal membrane is more intensively exposed to fresh dialysate than it is in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Our aim was to study, in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, the influence of APD—compared with that of CAPD—on peritoneal transport over 4 years.♦ Design, Setting, Participants, and Measurements: Patients were included if at least 2 annual standard permeability analyses (SPAs) performed with 3.86% glucose were available while the patient was using the same modality with which they had started PD (APD or CAPD). Patients were followed until their first modality switch. Differences in the pattern of SPA outcomes over time were tested using repeated-measures models adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, primary kidney disease, and year of PD start.♦ Results: The 59 CAPD patients enrolled were older than the 47 APD patients enrolled (mean age: 58 ± 14 years vs 49 ± 14 years; p < 0.01), and they had started PD earlier (mean start year: 2000 vs 2002). Over time, no differences in solute (p > 0.19) or fluid transport (p > 0.13) were observed. Similarly, free water transport (p = 0.43) and small-pore transport (p = 0.31) were not different between the modalities. Over time, patients on APD showed a faster decline in effective lymphatic absorption rate (ELAR: p = 0.02) and in transcapillary ultrafiltration (TCUF: p = 0.07, adjusted p = 0.05). Further adjustment did not change the results.♦ Conclusions: Compared with patients starting on CAPD, those starting on APD experienced a faster decline in ELAR and TCUF. Other transport parameters were not different over time between the groups.     

Interference of Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids with Cell Cycle Mechanisms

♦ Introduction:

Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) differ with respect to osmotic and buffer compound, and pH and glucose degradation products (GDP) content. The impact on peritoneal membrane integrity is still insufficiently described. We assessed global genomic effects of PDF in primary human peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) by whole genome analyses, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and functional measurements.

♦ Methods:

PMC isolated from omentum of non-uremic patients were incubated with conventional single chamber PDF (CPDF), lactate- (LPDF), bicarbonate- (BPDF) and bicarbonate/lactate-buffered double-chamber PDF (BLPDF), icodextrin (IPDF) and amino acid PDF (APDF), diluted 1:1 with medium. Affymetrix GeneChip U133Plus2.0 (Affymetrix, CA, USA) and quantitative RT-PCR were applied; cell viability was assessed by proliferation assays.

♦ Results:

The number of differentially expressed genes compared to medium was 464 with APDF, 208 with CPDF, 169 with IPDF, 71 with LPDF, 45 with BPDF and 42 with BLPDF. Out of these genes 74%, 73%, 79%, 72%, 47% and 57% were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) term annotations mainly revealed associations with cell cycle (p = 10^-35), cell division, mitosis, and DNA replication. One hundred and eighteen out of 249 probe sets detecting genes involved in cell cycle/division were suppressed, with APDF-treated PMC being affected the most regarding absolute number and degree, followed by CPDF and IPDF. Bicarbonate-containing PDF and BLPDF-treated PMC were affected the least. Quantitative RT-PCR measurements confirmed microarray findings for key cell cycle genes (CDK1/CCNB1/CCNE2/AURKA/KIF11/KIF14). Suppression was lowest for BPDF and BLPDF, they upregulated CCNE2 and SMC4. All PDF upregulated 3 out of 4 assessed cell cycle repressors (p53/BAX/p21). Cell viability scores confirmed gene expression results, being 79% of medium for LPDF, 101% for BLPDF, 51% for CPDF and 23% for IPDF. Amino acid-containing PDF (84%) incubated cells were as viable as BPDF (86%).

♦ Conclusion:

In conclusion, PD solutions substantially differ with regard to their gene regulating profile and impact on vital functions of PMC, i.e. on cells known to be essential for peritoneal membrane homeostasis.     

A Global Overview of the Impact of Peritoneal Dialysis First or Favored Policies: An Opinion

Given the ever-increasing burden of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in a global milieu of limited financial and health resources, interested parties continue to search for ways to optimize dialysis access. Government and payer initiatives to increase access to renal replacement therapies (RRTs), particularly peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD), may have meaningful impacts from clinical and health-economic perspectives; and despite similar clinical and humanistic outcomes between the two dialysis modalities, PD may be the more convenient and resource-conscious option. This review assessed country-specific PD-First/Favored policies and their associated background, implementation, and outcomes. It was found that barriers to policy-implementation are broadly associated with government policy, economics, provider or healthcare professional education, modality-related factors, and patient-related factors. Notably, the success of a given country''s PD-Favored policy was inversely associated with the extent of HD infrastructure. It is hoped that this review will provide a foundation across countries to share lessons learned during the development and implementation of PD-First/Favored policies.     

Nutrition in Older Adults on Peritoneal Dialysis

Nutrition in older adults on peritoneal dialysis is an important aspect of a patient''s clinical management as well as being influenced by their overall well-being, both mental and physical. This is especially pertinent as individuals age, since the potential impact of life changes and physical changes contribute to the development of protein-energy wasting and potentially exacerbating sarcopenia and wasting. This article provides an outline of the nutritional issues to consider in older adults on peritoneal dialysis (PD).     

腹膜透析患者血管钙化的相关因素分析

[目的]观察腹膜透析患者血管钙化的发生情况并探讨导致血管钙化的相关因素。[方法]利用彩超对腹膜透析患者颈内动脉斑块及内膜厚度进行测量,根据颈内动脉斑块钙化程度分为斑块组和无斑块组,并检测比较两组患者骨保护素（OPG）及血管钙化相关的临床指标。[结果]40例腹膜透析患者,有60％患者有颈内动脉内膜增厚钙化,其中斑块组和无斑块的病人相比,糖尿病比例更高,年龄较大;斑块组OPG、C反应蛋白（CRP）、血磷明显高于非斑块组,且两组相比差异有显著性（均P〈0．01）。颈内动脉厚度与OPG呈正相关（R=0．332）。[结论]腹膜透析患者普遍存在血管钙化,其与透析患者微炎症状态、高血磷有关,OPG水平可较好地反映血管钙化程度。     

Comparison of Direct Medical Costs Between Automated and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

♦ Objective: We set out to estimate the direct medical costs (DMCs) of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to compare the DMCs for continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and automated PD (APD). In addition, DMCs according to age, sex, and the presence of peritonitis were evaluated.♦ Methods: Our retrospective cohort analysis considered patients initiating PD, calculating 2008 costs and, for comparison, updating the results for 2010. The analysis took the perspective of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, including outpatient clinic and emergency room visits, dialysis procedures, medications, laboratory tests, hospitalizations, and surgeries.♦ Results: No baseline differences were observed for the 41 patients evaluated (22 on CAPD, 19 on APD). Median annual DMCs per patient on PD were US$15 072 in 2008 and US$16 452 in 2010. When analyzing percentage distribution, no differences were found in the DMCs for the modality groups. In both APD and CAPD, the main costs pertained to the dialysis procedure (CAPD 41%, APD 47%) and hospitalizations (CAPD 37%, APD 32%). Dialysis procedures cost significantly more (p = 0.001) in APD (US$7 084) than in CAPD (US$6 071), but total costs (APD US$15 389 vs CAPD US$14 798) and other resources were not different. The presence of peritonitis increased the total costs (US$16 075 vs US$14 705 for patients without peritonitis, p = 0.05), but in the generalized linear model analysis, DMCs were not predicted by age, sex, dialysis modality, or peritonitis. A similar picture was observed for costs extrapolated to 2010, with a 10% - 20% increase for each component—except for laboratory tests, which increased 52%, and dialysis procedures, which decreased 3%, from 2008.♦ Conclusions: The annual DMCs per patient on PD in this study were US$15 072 in 2008 and US$16 452 in 2010. Total DMCs for dialysis procedures were higher in APD than in CAPD, but the difference was not statistically significant. In both APD and CAPD, 90% of costs were attributable to the dialysis procedure, hospitalizations, and medications. In a multivariate analysis, no independent variable significantly predicted a higher DMC.     

Outcomes of a Peritoneal Dialysis Program in Remote Communities Within Colombia

♦ Background and Objective: Colombia is a country of diverse geographic regions, some with mountainous terrain that can make access to urban areas difficult for individuals who live in remote areas. In 2005, a program was initiated to establish remote peritoneal dialysis (PD) centers in Colombia to improve access to PD for patients with end-stage renal disease who face geographic or financial access barriers.♦ Patients and Methods: The present study was a multi-center cohort observational study of prevalent home PD patients who were at least 18 years of age and were being managed by one of nine established remote PD centers in Colombia over a 2-year period. Data were collected from clinical records, databases, and patient interviews. Patient survival, incidence of peritonitis, and rate of withdrawal from PD therapy were assessed.♦ Results: A total of 345 patients were eligible for the study. The majority (87.8%) of patients lived on one to two times a minimum monthly salary (equivalent to US$243 – US$486). On average, patients traveled 1.2 hours and 4.3 hours from their home to their remote PD center or an urban reference renal clinic, respectively. The incidence rate of peritonitis was 2.54 episodes per 100 patient-months of therapy. A bivariate analysis showed a significantly higher risk of peritonitis in patients who were living on less than one times a monthly minimum salary (p < 0.05) or who had a dirt, cement, or unfinished wood floor (p < 0.05). The 1-year and 2-year patient survival rates were 92.44% and 81.55%, respectively. The 1-year and 2-year technique survival rates were 97.27% and 89.78%, respectively.♦ Conclusions: With the support of remote PD centers that mitigate geographic and financial barriers to healthcare, home PD therapy is a safe and appropriate treatment option for patients who live in remote areas in Colombia.     

腹膜透析治疗糖尿病肾病终末期患者的临床疗效

【目的】研究糖尿病肾病终末期腹膜透析治疗的疗效。【方法】对本院2003年3月至2005年10月期间住院的25例符合糖尿病肾病终末期患者给予腹膜透析治疗并分析其腹膜透析时心血管,血糖,肾功能情况变化以及腹膜透析方式,并探讨透析时胰岛素给药途径。【结果】腹膜透析能迅速改善心血管并发症,缓解尿毒症症状,但透析时胰岛素给药途径尚待进一步观察。【结论】糖尿病肾病终末期患者有广泛的血管病变,首选腹膜透析治疗较安全有效。     

Effect of Icodextrin on Heart Rate Variability in Diabetic Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

♦ Introduction: Spectral analysis of heart rate variability is a noninvasive method for evaluating autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction under various clinical conditions, such as in dialysis patients, in whom an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system appears to be an important risk factor for sudden cardiovascular death and arrhythmia.♦ Objective: We compared the effect of icodextrin-based dialysis solution, an option that allows for better metabolic and fluid overload control, with that of glucose-based dialysis fluid on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in the heart, as assessed by heart rate variability, in diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD).♦ Methods: This secondary analysis uses data from a randomized controlled trial in diabetic PD patients with high or high-average peritoneal transport using icodextrin-based (ICO group, n = 30) or glucose-based (GLU group, n = 29) solutions for the long dwell. All patients underwent 24-hour electrocardiographic Holter monitoring at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months of follow-up.♦ Results: We observed no significant differences between the groups in most of the variables analyzed, although values were, in general, below reference values. In the ICO group, total power and both low- and high-frequency power in normalized units increased, but the percentage of RR intervals with variation of more than 50 ms declined over time; in the GLU group, all those values declined. Plasma catecholamine levels were higher at baseline and declined over time.♦ Conclusions: These results indicate a partial recovery of sympathetic activity in the ICO group, probably because of better extracellular fluid control and lower exposure to glucose with the use of icodextrin-based dialysis solutions.     

Equivalent Fall Risk in Elderly Patients on Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis

♦ Background:

Accidental falls are common in the hemodialysis (HD) population. The high fall rate has been attributed to a combination of aging, kidney disease-related morbidity, and HD treatment-related hazards. We hypothesized that patients maintained on peritoneal dialysis (PD) would have fewer falls than those on chronic HD. The objective of this study was to compare the falls risk between cohorts of elderly patients maintained on HD and PD, using prospective data from a large academic dialysis facility.

♦ Methods:

Patients aged 65 years or over on chronic in-hospital HD and PD at the University Health Network were recruited. Patients were followed biweekly, and falls occurring within the first year recorded. Fall risk between the 2 groups was compared using both crude and adjusted Poisson lognormal random effects modeling.

♦ Results:

Out of 258 potential patients, 236 were recruited, assessed at baseline, and followed biweekly for falls. Of 74 PD patients, 40 (54%) experienced 86 falls while 76 out of 162 (47%) HD patients experienced a total of 305 falls (crude fall rate 1.25 vs 1.60 respectively, odds ratio [OR] falls in PD patients 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 – 0.92, p = 0.04). After adjustment for differences in comorbidity, number of medications, and other demographic differences, PD patients were no less likely to experience accidental falls than HD patients (OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.88 – 3.04, p = 0.1).

♦ Conclusions:

We conclude that accidental falls are equally common in the PD population and the HD population. These data argue against post-HD hypotension as the sole contributor to the high fall risk in the dialysis population.     

腹膜透析患者并发腹腔感染的原因分析及护理对策

目的分析腹膜透析患者发生腹腔感染的环节及其发生的相关影响因素,为临床预防和减少腹腔感染的发生提供依据,并提出相应的护理干预措施。方法回顾性调查第二军医大学长征医院自2011年1-12月共300例腹膜透析患者(共腹透3368个月)腹腔感染发生的原因。结果 300例维持性腹膜透析患者共发生腹腔感染55例次,感染发生率为18.3%。结论腹膜透析患者腹腔感染发生率高,应针对腹腔感染发生的原因加以预防,采取提高患者依从性、积极治疗原发病、预防呼吸道及肠道感染、加强宣教和随访等措施,以提高透析疗效,改善患者的生活质量。     

The Role of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Peritoneal Fibrosis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a modality for treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that depends on the structural and functional integrity of the peritoneal membrane. However, long-term PD can lead to morphological and functional changes in the peritoneum; in particular, peritoneal fibrosis has become one of the most common complications that ultimately results in ultrafiltration failure (UFF) and discontinuation of PD. Several factors and mechanisms such as inflammation and overproduction of transforming growth factor-β1 have been implicated in the development of peritoneal fibrosis, but there is no effective therapy to prevent or delay this process. Recent studies have shown that activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is associated with the development and progression of tissue fibrosis in various organs, and there are also reports indicating the involvement of some RTKs in peritoneal fibrosis. This review will describe the role and mechanisms of RTKs in peritoneal fibrosis and discuss the possibility of using them as therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of this complication.     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者腹腔镜引导下腹膜透析置管术11例临床分析

目的:总结腹腔镜外科技术应用在放置Tenckhoff卷曲腹透管的经验。方法:选择11例慢性肾功能衰竭患者,在腹腔镜引导下将Tenckhoff卷曲腹透管置入腹腔并经皮下隧道引出。结果:11例患者腹透管均放置成功,手术时间约45min,均成功进行了腹膜透析,患者术后一周内出院。结论:腹腔镜引导下放置Tenckhoff卷曲腹透管具有腹透管放置定位准确,无手术切口,优于常规开腹手术,值得推广应用。     

Predictors and Outcomes of Transfers from Peritoneal Dialysis to Hemodialysis

♦ Introduction:

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are commonly required to transfer to hemodialysis (HD), however the literature describing the outcomes of such transfers is limited. The aim of our study was to describe the predictors of these transfers and their outcomes according to vascular access at the time of transfer.

♦ Methods:

A retrospective cohort study using registry data of all adult patients commencing PD as their initial renal replacement therapy in Australia or New Zealand between 2004 – 2010 was performed. Follow-up was until 31 December 2010. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine possible predictors of transfer within both 6 and 12 months of PD commencement. Cox analysis and competing risks regression were used to determine the predictors of survival and transplantation post-transfer.

♦ Results:

The analysis included 4,781 incident PD patients, of whom 1,699 transferred to HD during the study period. Logistic models did not identify any clinically useful predictors of transfer within 6 or 12 months (c-statistics 0.54 and 0.55 respectively). 67% of patients commenced HD with a central venous catheter (CVC). CVC use at transfer was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 – 1.68, p = 0.003) and a borderline significant reduction in the incidence of transplantation (subhazard ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.58 – 1.00, p = 0.05).

♦ Conclusions:

It is difficult to predict the transfer to HD for incident PD patients. PD patients who commence HD with a CVC have a higher risk of mortality and a lower likelihood of undergoing renal transplantation.     

The First Peritonitis Episode Alters the Natural Course of Peritoneal Membrane Characteristics in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

♦ Objective:

Little or no evidence is available on the impact of the first peritonitis episode on peritoneal transport characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the importance of the very first peritonitis episode and distinguish its effect from the natural course by comparison of peritoneal transport before and after infection.

♦ Participants:

We analyzed prospectively collected data from 541 incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, aged > 18 years, between 1990 and 2010. Standard Peritoneal Permeability Analyses (SPA) within the year before and within the year after (but not within 30 days) the first peritonitis were compared. In a control group without peritonitis, SPAs within the first and second year of PD were compared.

♦ Main outcome measurements:

SPA data included the mass transfer area coefficient of creatinine, glucose absorption and peritoneal clearances of β-2-microglobulin (b2m), albumin, IgG and α-2-macroglobulin (a2m). From these clearances, the restriction coefficient to macromolecules (RC) was calculated. Also, parameters of fluid transport were determined: transcapillary ultrafiltration rate (TCUFR), lymphatic absorption (ELAR), and free water transport. Crude and adjusted linear mixed models were used to compare the slopes of peritoneal transport parameters in the peritonitis group to the control group. Adjustments were made for age, sex and diabetes.

♦ Results:

Of 541 patients, 367 experienced a first peritonitis episode within a median time of 12 months after the start of PD. Of these, 92 peritonitis episodes were preceded and followed by a SPA within one year. Forty-five patients without peritonitis were included in the control group. Logistic reasons (peritonitis group: 48% vs control group: 83%) and switch to hemodialysis (peritonitis group: 22% vs control group: 3%) were the main causes of missing SPA data post-peritonitis and post-control. When comparing the slopes of peritoneal transport parameters in the peritonitis group and the control group, a first peritonitis episode was associated with faster small solute transport (glucose absorption, p = 0.03) and a concomitant lower TCUFR (p = 0.03). In addition, a discreet decrease in macromolecular transport was seen in the peritonitis group: mean difference in post- and pre-peritonitis values: IgG: -8 μL/min (p = 0.01), a2m: -4 μL/min (p = 0.02), albumin: -10 μL/min (p = 0.04). Accordingly, the RC to macromolecules increased after peritonitis: 0.09, p = 0.04.

♦ Conclusions:

The very first peritonitis episode alters the natural course of peritoneal membrane characteristics. The most likely explanation might be that cured peritoneal infection later causes long-lasting alterations in peritoneal transport state.     

影响早期腹膜透析患者腹膜间皮下致密层增厚的原因探讨

【目的】初步探讨可能影响早期腹膜透析（PD）患者壁层腹膜间皮下致密层（SCZ）增厚的原因。【方法】通过对22例透析时间在6～48个月之间的非频繁腹膜炎发作的PD患者进行重复腹膜活检,比较患者透析前后SCZ变化情况,并分析其与透析时间、糖尿病、腹膜炎发作次数以及残余肾功等指标间的关系。【结果】22例患者平均透析时间为（20．1±9．5）个月,透析后SCZ平均厚度为（262±79）μm,显著高于透析前的（177±47）μm（P〈0．01）。糖尿病与非糖尿病患者透析后SCZ厚度较透析前分别增加66．4％和39．3％（P〉0．05）,不同腹膜炎发作次数患者透析后SCZ厚度变化无显著差异（P〉0．05）。透析后患者SCZ厚度平均增加49．1％,其与患者的透析时间和透析前后残余肾功显著相关（P〈0．05）,逐步回归分析显示患者透析时间以及透析后残余肾功能是主要的影响因素（P〈0．05）。【结论】在非频繁腹膜炎发作的早期PD患者,患者残余肾功能和透析时间是影响患者腹膜SCZ增厚的主要原因。