糖尿病周围神经病的研究进展

糖尿病（DM）是累及全身多系统和器官的最常见的慢性疾病之一，全世界有l亿多DM患者。“DM如果没有并发症，将不再是重大的健康问题”，这一观点已是不同学科医生的共识。DM神经病通常指伴有DM的各种周围神经病，其中远端对称性感觉运动性多发性周围神经病最常见，几乎占47％～91％，大多数报道在60％左右。近年来随着对DM并发症的重视和诊断技术的发展，人们除了对DM痛性神经病和自主神经病越来越重视以外，还提出了DM前或糖耐量异常周围神经病和胰岛素介导的周围神经病。     

糖尿病周围神经病97例临床特征与神经电生理分析

目的:探讨糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)患者的临床特征与神经电生理变化。方法:分析97例DPN患者的临床特征,比较DPN组和对照组的神经传导速度(NCV)、远端潜伏期、远端波幅3个参数。结果:①临床特征以肢体麻木(59%)最多见、其次为疼痛(42%)。②患者组NCV、远端波幅值低于对照组,远端潜伏期比对照组延长;两组3个参数比较,除腓总神经远端波幅、尺神经感觉传导速度和正中、尺、腓肠神经远端潜伏期外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:①DPN患者临床特征以肢体麻木和疼痛最多见;②检测NCV、远端潜伏期、远端波幅,能较早发现临床患者。     

糖尿病周围神经病预防和治疗

糖尿病周围神经病预防和治疗郭玉璞随着科学技术的进步、经济的发展、人民生活条件的改善、寿命的延长，人类疾病谱的防治重点也由过去以感染性或传染性疾病转移到非传染性慢性病方面。糖尿病及其并发症也是可预防的慢性病之一，因此研究和防治糖尿病周围神经病十分重要。...     

青壮年糖尿病周围神经病186例临床与神经电生理分析

目的：探讨青壮年糖尿病周围神经病（DPN）的临床与电生理变化。方法：分析186例青壮年DPN患者的临床特点，比较青壮年DPN组与对照组的神经传导速度（NCV）、远端潜伏期和远端波幅3个参数。结果：①临床特征以肢体麻木（52％）最多见、其次为自发痛（32％）；②青壮年DPN组NCV和远端波幅值低于对照组，远端潜伏期比对照组延长，两组3个参数比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．③周围神经损害程度（轻、中和重度）明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：①青壮年DPN患者临床特点以肢体麻木与自发疼痛多见；②检测NCV、远端潜伏期和远端波幅，有助发现早期临床病变；⑨为周围神经损害程度（轻、中和重度）的诊断与治疗提供依据。     

糖尿病周围神经病的电生理诊断研究进展

糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症,其发病率高达60%～90%[1,2]。DPN可与糖尿病同时发生,亦可为糖尿病的首发症状或在糖尿病控制良好的情况下出现,是足部溃疡、感染和截肢发生的主要原因之一。DPN发病机制复杂,目前尚不完全清楚,多认为与多羟基途径的过度     

糖尿病周围神经病的神经传导速度测定

目的 观察糖尿病患者的神经传导速度在诊断周围神经病变的应用价值.方法 对我院2009-01-2011-12收治的658例糖尿病患者进行神经传导速度测定常规糖尿病周围神经病变的筛查,分析各神经传导功能以及感觉传导速度和运动传导速度、潜伏期、波幅、波宽、波形等.结果 有四肢远端麻木、刺痛等症状者周围神经病变的阳性率较高,糖尿病病程5 a以上者阳性率也较高.胫后神经病变在四肢神经病变中最常见,其次为腓总神经.传导速度的波幅下降最为灵敏,波形和波宽的变化也较为明显.结论 检测糖尿病患者的神经传导速度可用于周围神经病变的诊断,神经传导速度的变化对周围神经病变具有重要意义.     

高压氧治疗糖尿病周围神经病机制研究

糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)是糖尿病最常见的并发症之一。高压氧在治疗DPN过程中有着其独特的作用,可通过多种机制改善DPN的症状,延缓疾病进展。本文综述了高压氧治疗DPN在微循环、血管活性因子、氧化应激、代谢、免疫以及神经营养因子等方面的作用机制和相关进展,以及其在临床上的疗效,最后对高压氧治疗DPN进行了总结,并提出进一步的研究方向。     

糖尿病性周围神经病的临床与电生理改变

目的 探讨糖尿病性周围神经病的电生理特点及其诊断价值.方法 检测52例2型糖尿病患者与50例正常人肌电图进行对照统计分析.结果 观察组中确诊为临床或亚临床周围神经病的共41例(78.85%).观察组的正中神经、尺神经、胫后神经、腓总神经、腓肠神经传导速度(NCV)及波幅(AMP)明显低于正常对照组.各神经传导速度与糖尿病病程及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平呈负相关.观察组中合并正中神经腕管卡压者明显高于一般人群.结论 神经电生理检查能一定程度地反映糖尿病患者的周围神经受损程度.     

Standing balance and trunk position sense in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)-related peripheral neuropathy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) affect a large segment of the population. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common complication of T2DM, leading to sensory and motor deficits. While T2DM-related PN often results in balance- and mobility-related dysfunction which manifests as gait instability and falls, little is known about balance capabilities in patients who have evidence of PN related to IGT (IGT-PN). We evaluated patients with IGT-PN on commonly-used clinical balance and mobility tests as well as a new test of trunk position sense and balance impairment, trunk repositioning errors (TREs). Eight participants aged 50-72 years with IGT-PN, and eight age- and gender-matched controls underwent balance, mobility and trunk repositioning accuracy tests at a university neurology clinic and mobility research laboratory. Compared to controls, IGT-PN participants had as much as twice the magnitude of TREs and stood approximately half as long on the single leg balance test. People with IGT-PN exhibit deficits in standing balance and trunk position sense. Furthermore, there was a significant association between performance on commonly-used clinical balance and mobility tests, and electrophysiological and clinical measures of neuropathy in IGT-PN participants. Because IGT-related neuropathy represents the earliest stage of diabetic neuropathy, deficits in IGT-PN participants highlight the importance of early screening in the dysglycemic process for neuropathy and associated balance deficits.     

The peripheral neuropathy of vitamin B12 deficiency

Nerve conduction studies and sural nerve biopsy were performed on three patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. The pathological findings were those of axonal degeneration; there was no evidence of demyelination. The patients were reviewed at intervals of 5-15 years commencement of treatment; progression of the neuropathy had been arrested by treatment, but in all cases residual neurological abnormalities persisted. In one patient with autonomic neuropathy, the postural hypotension resolved rapidly and fully with treatment.     

Corneal confocal microscopy: A novel means to detect nerve fibre damage in idiopathic small fibre neuropathy

Patients with idiopathic small fibre neuropathy (ISFN) have been shown to have significant intraepidermal nerve fibre loss and an increased prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). It has been suggested that the dysglycemia of IGT and additional metabolic risk factors may contribute to small nerve fibre damage in these patients.Twenty-five patients with ISFN and 12 aged-matched control subjects underwent a detailed evaluation of neuropathic symptoms, neurological deficits (Neuropathy deficit score (NDS); Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS); Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) and Corneal Confocal Microscopy (CCM)) to quantify small nerve fibre pathology.Eight (32%) patients had IGT. Whilst all patients with ISFN had significant neuropathic symptoms, NDS, NCS and QST except for warm thresholds were normal. Corneal sensitivity was reduced and CCM demonstrated a significant reduction in corneal nerve fibre density (NFD) (P < 0.0001), nerve branch density (NBD) (P < 0.0001), nerve fibre length (NFL) (P < 0.0001) and an increase in nerve fibre tortuosity (NFT) (P < 0.0001). However these parameters did not differ between ISFN patients with and without IGT, nor did they correlate with BMI, lipids and blood pressure.Corneal confocal microscopy provides a sensitive non-invasive means to detect small nerve fibre damage in patients with ISFN and metabolic abnormalities do not relate to nerve damage.     

Validation of Michigan neuropathy screening instrument for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

OBJECTIVE: The reliability and accuracy of the Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) have been discussed recently. As a result of the difficulties of performing and analyzing nerve biopsy as a standard diagnostic test, electromyography and neuronography is used as the best alternative diagnostic procedure. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of the test characteristics and cut-off point of MNSI scoring for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHOD: Over a 2-year period, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 176 type 2 diabetic patients. An internist carried out the MNSI and the sum of scores varying from 0 to 1 for each abnormality as revealed in foot appearance, ulceration, ankle reflexes and vibratory perception has been recorded. A neurologist, who was blind to the MNSI scores, performed all neurophysiological studies. The test performance characteristics of the MNSI procedure were measured for different cut-off values. RESULTS: MNSI scores of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 were assessed as cut-off values. Sensitivities were 79%, 65%, 50% and 35% and specificities were 65%, 83%, 91% and 94%, respectively. Positive predictive values increased and negative predictive values decreased for each score. Accuracies, likelihood ratios and post-test probabilities were measured. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of MNSI scoring makes it a useful screening test for diabetic neuropathy in taking a decision regarding which patients should be referred to a neurologist for electrophysiological studies. High specificity, likelihood ratios over 5 and a moderate to good post-test probability give a high diagnostic impact for MNSI scoring. We suggest a cut-off point of 2 for the MNSI procedure. However, electrophysiological studies should be considered when the patient has signs and symptoms other than those rated by the MNSI, suggesting peripheral nerve involvement, and also because the MNSI is still just a screening test.     

Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy: A mini-review

Vincristine (VCR), an alkaloid extracted from vinca, is often used in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs to treat a variety of cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), malignant lymphoma, and neuroblastoma. However, VCR possesses dose-dependent neurotoxicity, which is the main factor restricting its application. Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) not only limits the dose of VCR and leads to the discontinuation of treatment but also triggers serious damage to the physical and mental health of patients. In addition, VIPN brings huge healthcare costs to patients and society. Individuals with VIPN often exhibit mechanical allodynia, sensory/tactile disorders, and numbness in the hands and feet. Unfortunately, VIPN is easily ignored due to its variable symptoms, which gives rise to insufficient research on the aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease, thereby resulting in a lack of appropriate preventive and therapeutic management. We performed a comprehensive review of the latest findings on VIPN in terms of symptoms, risk factors, potential mechanisms, and prevention and treatment measures. The purpose was to help clinicians better understand and accurately diagnose VIPN, select appropriate intervention measures and reduce the damage to cancer patients.     

The peripheral neuropathy in Machado-Joseph disease

Summary Peripheral nerve biopsies were taken from 11 patients with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), a heredodegenerative disease within the group of autosomal dominant ataxias. On the basis of the clinical symptoms, 2 patients were found to suffer from type I, 4 from type II and 5 from type III. All cases shared the same pathological features, which consisted of a reduction in density of myelinated and unmyelinated fibres and an increase in endoneurial collagen. It was also observed that some Schwann cells were not related to axons, whilst others showed numerous budding processes. The intensity of the changes varied considerably: it was mild in type I and II and severe in type III. Peripheral nerve changes in MJD are compared with those previously described in other forms of heredo-ataxias. It is concluded that involvement of peripheral nerves is a significant feature in this group of diseases and that peripheral nerve biopsy could be useful in the identification of the subtypes of MJD.     

甲钴胺对兔慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病的治疗作用

目的探讨甲钴胺对慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病的治疗作用。方法健康成年日本大白兔40只,随机分为3组:安慰剂组、甲钴胺组和对照组。安慰剂组和甲钴胺组均以56°白酒按6ml·kg-1·d-1的剂量灌胃24周,对照组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃24周。24周后停止给酒,甲钴胺组给予甲钴胺注射液100μg·d-1,1次·d-1,肌注,连续4周;安慰剂组给予等体积生理盐水,1次·d-1,肌注,连续4周。4周后各组均行肌电图和坐骨神经病理检查。结果甲钴胺组家兔一般情况好于安慰剂组,肌电图和坐骨神经病理检查均显示周围神经病损害程度较安慰剂组轻。结论甲钴胺对慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病具有治疗作用。     

Infantile chronic peripheral neuropathy with giant axons

Summary An 8-year-old boy with a slowly progressive motor neuropathy is described. The first signs appeared at the age of 3 years. Histological examination of the sural nerve showed the presence of numerous segmental axonal swellings and features of demyelination as well as remyelination. These enlargements were filled with irregularly orientated 10 nm filaments. The case resembled the previously described cases of giant axonal neuropathy but differed from them in absence of kinky hair.This work was supported by the project No. 10.4.2.02., Polish Academy of Sciences     

胰激肽原酶联合甲钴胺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变80例临床分析

目的评价胰激肽原酶联合甲钴胺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效。方法 80例糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为胰激肽原酶加甲钴胺治疗组(治疗组)40例和甲钴胺治疗组(对照组)40例。结果对照组显效率22.5%,总有效率65%;观察组显效率40%,总有效率87.5%。2组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论胰激肽原酶联合甲钴胺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变疗效满意。     

大鼠慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病的自由饮模型

目的为探讨酒精中毒性周围神经病的肌电图及病理改变,建立慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病的自由饮模型。方法30只Wistar大鼠随机分为2组,即对照组和实验组,对照组饮水,实验组酒浓度从6、9、12%各5d递增至20%后以该浓度维持饲养,于第2、3、4个月末行肌电图及病理检查,每周记录大鼠体重,每2d记录饮食量。结果(1)实验组体重及食量均较对照组差;(2)电生理检查4个月时实验组大鼠运动神经传导速度减慢,复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅降低;(3)实验组饮酒4个月时大鼠坐骨神经HE染色、银染色光镜下显示轴索变性伴继发性节段性脱髓鞘,但神经节结构无明显异常,甲苯氨兰染色后做形态计量学分析,结果示实验组有髓纤维横切面积与对照组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论大鼠自由饮模型可用于模拟人类慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病。