TIMD4表达水平及其SNP与缺血性脑卒中患者抗血小板聚集治疗后再发脑梗死的相关性分析

目的 探讨T细胞免疫球蛋白粘蛋白域4基因(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 4 gene,TIDM4)表达水平及其单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与缺血性脑卒中患者抗血小板聚集治疗后再发脑梗死的相关性。方法 纳入本院神经内科2018年1月-2019年1月收治的缺血性脑卒中患者共200例,进行随访1年,根据有无再发脑梗死分为再发组和对照组,比较2组患者临床资料、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、实验室检查、影像学检查、TIMD4表达水平及其SNP。结果 所有研究对象随访1年后共有21例患者失访,其中再发脑梗死42例(21.00%),为再发组,余为对照组共137例(68.50%); 再发组男性、合并高血压病的比例、基线NIHSS评分、多发病灶数量、糖化血红蛋白、LDLc水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 再发组血清TIDM-4水平及CC基因型与CT+TT基因型分布与对照组比较均有明显差异(P<0.05); Logistic回归分析显示合并高血压病(OR=4.464,P=0.009)、病灶数量(OR=8.403,P=0.001)、血清TIMD-4水平(OR=34.418,P=0.000)、CC基因型(OR=4.049,P=0.004)为再发脑梗死的危险因素。结论 血清TIDM-4水平及CC基因型为缺血性脑卒中患者抗血小板聚集治疗后再发脑梗死的危险因素。     

老年2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者血清IGF-1水平与神经功能及颈动脉斑块的关系

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者血清胰岛素生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)水平与神经功能及颈动脉斑块的关系。方法 选择2014年6月～2015年10月期间被我院神经内科收治的60例老年2型糖尿病并急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,60例老年2型糖尿病并急性脑梗死患者中,按照动脉粥样硬化严重程度不同分为:无斑块10例, 稳定斑块22例,不稳定斑块28例。选择40例老年急性脑梗死患者作为疾病对照组; 选老年健康者40名为健康对照组。采用双抗夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测IGF-1水平。采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)于发病1周、2周时行神经功能评估; 采用改良 Rankin 量表(MRS)于90 d时行神经功能评估。结果 糖尿病合并脑梗死组1周、2周时IGF-1水平均低于脑梗死组和对照组,而脑梗死组IGF-1水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1周、2周时糖尿病合并脑梗死患者NIHSS评分均高于脑梗死组患者(P<0.05); 糖尿病合并脑梗死组患者90 dMRS评分高于脑梗死组患者(P<0.05)。1周、2周时糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清IGF-1水平与NIHSS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.561,P=0.006,r=-0.672,P=0.000); 1周、2周时糖尿病合并脑梗死患者血清IGF-1水平与MRS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.426,P=0.016,r=-0.445,P=0.009)。随着糖尿病合并脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块严重程度的加重,血清IGF-1水平呈下降趋势(P<0.05)。结论 IGF-1在老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死患者外周血血清中呈现异常表达,IGF-1水平与老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死的神经功能缺损及颈动脉斑块严重程度密切相关。     

老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者外周血中解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶-4表达水平与颈动脉斑块不稳定和患者预后的关系

目的 探讨老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者外周血中解聚蛋白样金属蛋白酶-4(A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type l motifs,ADAMTS-4)水平与颈动脉斑块不稳定和患者预后的关系。方法 收集2019年1月-2020年12月在本院接受溶栓治疗的老年急性缺血性脑卒中患者148例; 根据彩色多普勒超声检测将患者分为无斑块组、斑块稳定组和斑块不稳定组,分析组间ADAMTS-4的水平差异及ADAMTS-4水平对斑块不稳定的影响; 根据出院3个月改良Rankin(Modified rankin scale,mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组(mRS评分≤2分)、预后不良好组(mRS评分>2分),比较2组的一般临床资料; Logistic多因素回归分析患者预后不良的危险因素; 受试者工作特征曲线(Receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)检测脑梗死面积、斑块稳定情况和ADAMTS-4水平评估预后不良的临床价值。结果 颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率为81.8%(121/148),其中无斑块27例(无斑块组)、斑块稳定70例(斑块稳定组)、斑块不稳定51例(斑块不稳定组); 无斑块组、斑块稳定组和斑块不稳定组外周血ADAMTS4水平分别为(36.2±5.6)、(62.5±9.5)、(106.2±13.7)mg/L(F=23.625,P<0.001),且斑块不稳定组ADAMTS4水平最高; ADAMTS-4水平为斑块不稳定的独立危险因素OR(95%CI)=2.625(1.056～5.632),P<0.001); ADAMTS-4水平诊断斑块不稳定的最佳截断值为92.3 mg/L,曲线下面积(Area under the curve,AUC)(95%CI)为0.895(0.847～0.932),特异度为78.3%,敏感度为83.5%; 单因素分析显示脑梗死面积、颈动脉狭窄程度、斑块稳定情况、脑梗死部位和ADAMTS-4水平与患者预后不良有关; Logistic多因素回归分析显示大面积脑梗死、斑块不稳定和ADAMTS-4水平增高为患者预后不良的独立危险因素; 大面积脑梗死、斑块不稳定和ADAMTS-4水平评估患者预后不良的AUC(95%CI)分别为0.712(0.689～0.751)、0.802(0.789～0.841)和0.884(0.841～0.910); ADAMTS-4水平评估患者预后不良的临床价值高于斑块稳定情况和脑梗死面积(Z=4.065,P=0.013; Z=6.321,P<0.001)。结论 ADAMTS-4水平增高为颈动脉斑块不稳定和患者预后不良的独立危险因素,可作为颈动脉斑块不稳定和患者预后不良的诊断指标。     

3.0T HR-MRI评估椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块在TIA病情发展中的价值

目的分析3.0 T高分辨率磁共振成像(3.0 T HR-MRI)评估椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性在短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的应用价值。方法选取2015年2月至2018年2月期间于本院诊治的TIA患者80例,所有患者均行3.0 T HR-MRI检查出椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块,记录椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块分布和厚度,并根据斑块稳定性将患者分为斑块稳定组(n=38)和斑块不稳定组(n=42),比较两组患者TIA发作次数以及发作持续时间,门诊随访1年,比较两组患者脑梗死或TIA再发时间、TIA再发次数及脑梗死例数。结果椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块最容易在背侧壁形成,斑块厚度以0.5～1.5mm为主;斑块不稳定组患者TIA发作次数显著多于斑块稳定组患者(P0.05),TIA发作持续时间显著长于斑块稳定组患者(P0.05);随访1年发现,斑块不稳定组患者脑梗死或TIA再次发作时间显著短于斑块稳定组患者(P0.05),TIA发作次数、脑梗死例数高于斑块稳定组患者(P0.05)。结论 3.0 T HR-MRI能够评估椎-基底动脉粥样硬化斑块分布、厚度等情况,并对斑块进行定性分析,进一步预测TIA病情发展,为脑血管病二级预防提供更多依据。     

急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体水平对预后的影响

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者血浆D-二聚体水平对预后的影响。方法 选取2017年9月-2018年5月收入本院神经内科急性脑梗死患者457例,收集其临床资料,记录其年龄、性别、体重指数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、D-二聚体等指标; 按90 d临床结局改良Rankin(mofified Rankin scale,mRs)量表评分将患者分组(mRS评分>2为预后不良组,mRS评分≤2分为预后良好组),并进行单因素及多因素相关分析。结果 脑梗死结局预后不良组年龄、吸烟比例、基线空腹血糖、体重指数、基线NIHSS评分以及基线D-二聚体水平均高于结局预后良好组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示独立的预测因素有年龄(OR=1.030,95%CI=1.006～1.056,P=0.016)、体重指数(OR=1.279,95%CI=1.124～1.455,P=0.000)、吸烟(OR=3.375,95%CI=1.755～6.491,P=0.000)、基线NIHSS评分(OR=5.465,95%CI=3.930～7.600,P=0.000)和基线D二聚体(OR=1.201,95%CI=1.027～1.405,P=0.022)。D-二聚体水平预测脑梗死患者预后不良的ROC曲线下面积为0.741(P=0.000),其临界值为0.635 ng/mL时灵敏度为66.7%,特异度为72.9%。结论 急性脑梗死患者发病时基线血浆D-二聚体的水平是预后不良的独立预测因素。     

缺血性脑血管病患者血清基质金属蛋白酶水平及影响因素分析

目的 比较急性脑梗死、短暂脑缺血发作(TIA)和陈旧脑梗死患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平并分析其影响因素.方法 缺血性脑血管病患者136例,分为急性脑梗死组57例,TIA组22例,陈旧脑梗死组57例,进行神经功能评分及血压、血常规、血脂、血糖检查.依据ELISA法进行血MMP-9测定.结果 MMP-9水平分别为急性脑梗死患者(444.13±418.46)ng/ml,TIA患者(374.36±278.31)ng/ml,陈旧脑梗死患者(231.11±367.43)ng/ml.急性脑梗死和TIA患者血MMP-9水平明显高于陈旧脑梗死患者(P＜0.05).MMP-9水平与血白细胞水平(r=0.192,P=0.025)、低密度脂蛋白(r=0.261,P=0.002)、收缩压(r=0.232,P=0.006)呈正相关;与高密度脂蛋白(r=-0.219,P=0.011)和血糖(r=-0.254,P=0.003)呈负相关.MMP-9与收缩压(β=0.259,P=0.001)、血白细胞(β=0.209,P=0.008)、低密度脂蛋白(β=0.586,P=0.000)、胆固醇(β=-0.458,P=0.007)和血糖(β=-0.200,P=0.014)具有线性关系.结论 MMP-9水平在急性脑梗死及TIA时升高,收缩压、血白细胞和低密度脂蛋白均可能为其影响因素.     

急性脑梗死患者γ-谷氨酰转移酶与颅内外动脉狭窄的关系研究

目的 探讨γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)与急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉狭窄的关系。方法 本研究采用回顾性分析,纳入江苏省人民医院神经内科住院的患者共139例,根据颅内外动脉狭窄情况分成2组,其中颅内外动脉狭窄率<50%为对照组,89例; 狭窄率≥50%为狭窄组,50例。收集基线资料及血液检测指标水平。结果 急性脑梗死患者狭窄组饮酒率、γ-GT水平高于对照组(P<0.05); Logistic回归显示,γ-GT(OR=1.047,P=0.000)为急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的危险因素; γ-GT曲线下面积AUC为0.728(95%CI=0.644～0.811,P=0.000); γ-GT预测急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的最佳临界值为25.8。结论 γ-GT是急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉硬化性狭窄的危险因素,对急性脑梗死颅内外动脉狭窄具有一定的预测作用。     

高迁移率族蛋白B1在TIA患者中的表达水平和临床意义

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)表达水平与ABCD2评分的关系及在预测TIA进展为脑梗死中的价值。方法测定76例TIA患者(TIA组)和33例健康体检者(对照组)血清HMGB1水平,并按ABCD2评分法对TIA患者进行评分,随访TIA患者30d内是否发生脑梗死,TIA组按是否发生脑梗死分为TIA1组(30d内未进展为脑梗死)和TIA2组(30d内进展为脑梗死),分析TIA患者血清HMGB1水平与ABCD2评分的相关性,并与对照组进行比较。结果 TIA组患者30d内出现急性脑梗死的发生率为13.2%;TIA组的血清HMGB1水平高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);亚组分析显示,TIA2组患者血清HMGB1水平明显高于TIA1组(P0.01);TIA2组的ABCD2评分明显高于TIA1组(P0.01);且TIA患者的血清HMGB1水平与ABCD2评分呈正相关(r=0.71,P0.01)。结论 TIA患者血清HMGB1表达水平与ABCD2评分有一定相关性,可作为评价TIA进展为脑梗死的指标之一。     

ABCD2评分法结合CTA预测TIA患者近期卒中风险的临床研究

目的 探讨采用ABCD2评分法对短暂脑缺血发作(TIA)患者短期内进展为脑梗死的预测价值;评价脑血管狭窄与TIA患者脑梗死发生率及ABCD2评分之间的关系.方法 按照Johnston等对TIA的ABCD2评分标准,测定98例TIA患者的评分并危险分组,观察其2、7d内脑梗死的发生率,比较各危险组之间卒中率的差异;通过CTA评估脑血管狭窄,并分为血管狭窄≥50％组与血管狭窄＜50％组,分析脑血管狭窄与2、7d内脑梗死的发生率的关系,评价ABCD2评分与脑血管狭窄之间的相关性.结果 (1)评分≤3分的TIA患者有40例.2、7d发生脑梗死的例数分别为0例(0％)、2例(5％);评分为4～5分的患者46例,2、7d进展为脑梗死的例数分别为4例(8.7％)、11例(23％);评分≥6分的患者12例,2、7d进展为脑梗死的例数分别为3例(25％)、4例(33.3％).不同ABCD2评分值的TIA患者,其脑梗死发生率差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).(2)脑血管狭窄≥50％组与狭窄＜50％组比较,TIA后7d内卒中发生率明显增高,且其脑梗死发生率差异有统计学意义(21.4％ vs 5.6％,P=0.04).(3)血管狭窄≥50％组与狭窄＜50％组比较,中、高危的比率增高(46.4％ vs 19.4％),且其比率增高有统计学意义(P=0.02).结论 (1) ABCD2评分能够预测TIA患者2、7d内卒中发生率,是临床预测TIA短期进展为脑梗死的一种简便、有效的方法.ABCD2评分值不同的TIA患者,脑梗死的发生率不同,分值越高,发生率越高.(2)合并中重度血管狭窄的TIA患者较脑血管无明显狭窄的TIA患者更易发生脑梗死.(3)ABCD2评分与脑血管狭窄具有相关性.     

中性粒-淋巴细胞比值对急性脑梗死面积的预测研究

目的 探讨中性粒-淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)对急性脑梗死面积的预测价值。方法 本研究采用回顾性分析,纳入江苏省人民医院神经内科住院的患者共119例,根据头颅MR上脑梗死面积分为小面积组59例,中等面积组32例,大面积组28例,收集基线资料及血液检测指标。结果 急性脑梗死患者大面积组白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、NLR分别高于小面积、中等面积组(P<0.05); Spearman分析显示,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞、NLR与脑梗死面积呈正相关(r=0.276,P=0.002; r=0.351,P=0.000; r=0.366,P=0.000); Logistic回归显示,NLR(OR=1.519,P=0.001)为大面积脑梗死的危险因素; ROC曲线分析显示,白细胞水平的曲线下面积AUC为0.694,P=0.002; 中性粒细胞AUC为0.711,P=0.001; NLR水平AUC为0.727,P=0.000,NLR最佳诊断值为2.43。结论 NLR为大面积脑梗死的危险因素,且对大面积脑梗死具有一定的预测作用。     

缺血性脑卒中早期复发的临床特点和危险因素预测

目的：探讨缺血性脑卒中患者早期复发的临床特点和危险因素。方法：对594例缺血性脑卒中在30天内复发的22例患者进行了临床分析和病例－对照研究。结果：早期复发率为3．7％（22／594），其中脑血栓复发率为3．3％（18／552），脑栓塞复发率为9．5％（4／42）。72．73％（16／22）复发在原患侧，多为同类型脑卒中复发（86．36％，19／22）。经统计学分析发现高血压、TIA史与复发有显著关系（OR＝4．9，OR＝7．1），而缺血性心脏病、糖尿病、入院时高血糖、房颤、高血脂、吸烟、颈部血管斑块与复发无显著关系。结论：缺血性脑卒中早期复发多为同类型脑卒中、同部位的复发，高血压、TIA史可能为脑卒中早期复发的重要危险因素。     

β2-Glycoprotein I – dependent anticardiolipin antibodies in ischemic stroke

Our study was undertaken to investigate whether beta2-glycoprotein I (GPI) is relevant for enhancing anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) binding in stroke patients, in particular view of vascular risk factors and recurrence of previous cerebral ischemic events. One-hundred and twenty-one sera from patients with ischemic stroke and 154 control sera from patients with non-ischemic neurological disorders ( n = 43) and healthy subjects ( n = 111) were included in the study. All sera were tested for either GPI-independent aCL and GPI-dependent aCL. GPI-independent aCL were detected in two (1.7%) stroke patients. When GPI was added to the assay system, 13 (10.8%) sera were positive. Of the 43 sera in the neurological control group one was positive for both GPI-independent aCL and GPI-dependent aCL. Multiple linear regression in the stroke group revealed that GPI-dependent aCL are marginally associated with sex, prior TIA/strokes and embolism. More importantly, GPI-dependent aCL were significantly more frequent in stroke patients with a history of prior TIA/strokes compared with patients with a first ischemic stroke ( p = 0.029).
The present study demonstrates that aCL in stroke patients are of the GPI-dependent type and emphasizes the importance of adding GPI in the immunoassay for the optimal detection of aCL. Furthermore, it supports the recommendation of testing aCL in those patients who experience unexplained recurrent cerebral ischemic events.     

血清25-羟维生素D水平与缺血性脑卒中复发的相关性分析

目的探讨血清25-羟维生素D水平对缺血性脑卒中复发的预测价值,同时观察高血糖、高血脂、高血压、吸烟对缺血性脑卒中复发患者血清25-羟维生素D水平的影响。方法检测30例缺血性脑卒中复发患者及30例缺血性脑卒中未复发患者的血清25-羟维生素D水平。根据血清25-羟维生素D水平,将复发组分为高水平亚组及低水平亚组,比较不同血清25-羟维生素D水平患者与性别、年龄、是否存在高血糖、高血压、高血脂、吸烟的差异。结果复发组血清25-羟维生素D水平为(7.181±0.771)ng/ml,无复发组为(16.92±1.663)ng/ml。与无复发组比较,复发组血清25-羟维生素D水平显著降低(t=5.749,P<0.01)。缺血性脑卒中复发患者血清25-羟维生素D水平与年龄、吸烟、性别、血糖、血压、血脂无明显相关性(均P>0.05)。结论缺血性脑卒中复发患者血清25-羟维生素D水平明显下降,且与患者年龄、吸烟、性别、血糖、血压、血脂无关。维生素D可能是缺血性脑卒中复发过程中关键因素之一。     

Apolipoproteins as predictors of ischaemic stroke in patients with a previous transient ischaemic attack

BACKGROUND: Weak associations between total and LDL cholesterol and ischaemic stroke compared with coronary heart disease (CHD) are at odds with the similar effectiveness of statin drugs in preventing ischaemic stroke and CHD, suggesting that other lipid sub-fractions that are affected by statins might be better predictors of ischaemic stroke. Apolipoprotein B levels are reduced by statins and are a stronger predictor of CHD than total and LDL cholesterol in patients both on and off statins. However, there are very few published data on apolipoproteins and stroke risk and no studies in patients with previous transient ischaemic attack (TIA). METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of the associations of baseline total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, apolipoproteins A1 and B (apo A1; apo B) and risk of ischaemic stroke in 261 patients with previous TIA. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine crude and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) above versus below median values at 10-years follow-up. RESULTS: The apo B/apo A1 ratio was the strongest independent predictor of ischaemic stroke (HR=2.94, 95% CI 1.43-5.88, p=0.003) followed by apo B (HR=2.26, 95% CI 1.16-4.38, p=0.02). The associations between total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, LDL/HDL ratio and apo A1 and ischaemic stroke risk did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Apo B and the apo B/apo A1 ratio are predictive of ischaemic stroke in patients with previous TIA. Further studies are required to determine whether the prognostic value of apolipoprotein levels is maintained in patients on statins.     

Ischaemic stroke in young adults: predictors of outcome and recurrence

BACKGROUND: There is limited information about predictors of outcome and recurrence of ischaemic stroke affecting young adults. OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of the presenting characteristics for both outcome and recurrence in young stroke victims. METHODS: Clinical and radiological data for 203 patients aged 16 to 45 years were collected prospectively; they comprised 11% of 1809 consecutive patients with ischaemic stroke. The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS), the Bamford criteria, and the trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) classification were used to define stroke severity, subtype, and aetiology. The clinical outcome of 198 patients (98%) was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and categorised as favourable (score 0-1) or unfavourable (score 2-6). RESULTS: Stroke was caused by atherosclerotic large artery disease in 4%, cardioembolism in 24%, small vessel disease in 9%, another determined aetiology in 30%, and undetermined aetiology in 33%. Clinical outcome at three months was favourable in 68%, unfavourable in 29%, and lethal in 3%. Thirteen non-fatal stroke, two fatal strokes, and six transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) occurred during a mean (SD) follow up of 26 (17) months. High NIHSS score, total anterior circulation stroke, and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of unfavourable outcome or death (p<0.0001, p = 0.011, and p = 0.023). History of TIA predicted stroke recurrence (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Severe neurological deficits at presentation, total anterior circulation stroke, and diabetes mellitus predict unfavourable outcome. Previous TIA are associated with increased risk of recurrence.     

Outcome of patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to estimate the recurrence rate and to define subgroups at increased risk for recurrent cerebral ischaemia in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and so called cryptogenic stroke due to paradoxical embolism. METHODS: Patent foramen ovale was diagnosed in 318 patients with otherwise unexplained ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). One hundred and fifty nine were treated medically (oral anticoagulation 79, platelet inhibitors 80) and represent the study population. The remaining 159 patients underwent endovascular or surgical closure of the PFO and are not part of this study. RESULTS: Mean age was 50.7 (SD 13.5) years. The event leading to the diagnosis of PFO was a TIA in 38 patients (23.9%), an ischaemic stroke in 119 (74.8%), and an amaurosis fugax in two patients (1.3%). Forty four patients (27.7%) had experienced multiple cerebrovascular ischaemic events before the diagnosis of the PFO. During mean follow up of 29 (SD 23) months 21 patients (13.4%) had a recurrent cerebrovascular event (seven strokes and 14 TIAs). The average annual rate of recurrent strokes was 1.8% and that of recurrent strokes or TIAs was 5.5%. When patients with PFO with multiple cerebrovascular events before the diagnosis of the PFO were analyzed separately, the average annual rates of recurrent cerebral ischaemia were 3.6% for recurrent strokes and 9.9% for recurrent strokes or TIAs. These rates were significantly higher than in patients with first ever stroke or TIA (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms a risk of stroke recurrence that is similar to the rates of previously published series of patients with PFO and cryptogenic strokes. Patients with more than one previous event were at increased risk of recurrent cerebral ischaemia.     

Stroke prevention, blood cholesterol and statins

Statins have a good overall safety profile to date, with no increase in haemorrhagic stroke or cancer. They have favourable effects in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-risk young as well as elderly populations. Statins reduce the incidence of stroke in high-risk populations (mainly CHD patients, diabetics and hypertensives) even with a normal baseline blood cholesterol level, which argues for a global cardiovascular risk-based treatment strategy. As for CHD, stroke reduction was mainly observed in studies with large between-group LDL cholesterol difference. In patients with prior strokes, statins reduce the incidence of coronary events, but it is not yet proven that they actually reduce the incidence of recurrent strokes in secondary prevention. From a practical point of view, since there was a favourable treatment effect overall in stroke and TIA patients in HPS, it seems reasonable to treat stroke patients with a statin and total cholesterol >135 mg/dL (3.5 mmol/dL). On-going research is aiming to refine patient selection. As anticipated by current US recommendations, patients who are likely to benefit most are those with carotid atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, previous coronary heart disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, or cigarette smoking and LDL cholesterol > 100 mg/dL.     

河南豫东地区乡镇居民脑卒中的流行病学特征及高危因素分析

目的 研究河南商丘地区乡镇40岁以上人群其脑卒中的流行病学特征和诱发的高危因素。方法 抽取本院脑卒中数据库中符合本研究要求的资料,最终确定有9736份资料参与本研究,主要收集以下信息如一般体格检查:身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压和舒张压、脉搏、脉率和心脏听诊; 实验室检测指标:血脂(TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C)、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白; 脑卒中组和非脑卒中组患者的各指标的比较采用卡方检验或独立样本t检验,Logistic多因素回归模型分析影响脑卒中发生的独立危险因素。结果 随机抽取虞城县城关镇、睢县涧岗乡、虞城县李老家乡、商丘市刘口乡、商丘梁园区平原社区、梁园区长征社区、新城社区的调研资料,根据各项指标最终纳入本研究的有9736人,脑卒中发生者812例,发病率为8.3%; 脑卒中组和非脑卒中组比较,年龄(χ²=2.981,P=0.009)、受教育程度(χ²=26.126,P=0.000)、高血压病(χ²=35.277,P=0.000)、血脂异常(χ²=169.767,P=0.000)、吸烟(χ²=5.761,P=0.017)、饮酒(χ²=197.634,P=0.000)、既往有短暂性脑缺血发作史(χ²=569.438,P=0.000)、饮食情况(χ²=36.078,P=0.000)和身体锻炼(χ²=118.259,P=0.000)方面均有明显差异,性别(χ²=2.544,P=0.111)、民族(χ²=0.250,P=0.617)、BMI(χ²=0.128,P=0.900)、工作情况(χ²=0.030,P=0.862)和糖尿病(χ²=1.980,P=0.159)等情况无明显差异。经过Logistic多因素回归分析显示年龄≥60岁(P=0.002)、高中及以下文化程度(P=0.028)、高血压病(P=0.001)、血脂异常(P=0.018)、既往有短暂性脑缺血发作史(P=0.004)和不进行锻炼(P=0.015)等因素均为诱发脑卒中发生的独立危险因素。结论 豫东地区年龄≥60岁、高中及以下文化程度、高血压病、血脂异常、既往有短暂性脑缺血发作史和不进行锻炼均为诱发脑卒中的独立危险因素,当地相关部门可定期开展义诊活动,举办健康讲座,科普对脑卒中的认识,鼓励居民定期体检,降低脑卒中的发生率     

缺血性卒中再发危险因素分析

目的 探讨缺血性卒中再发的危险因素。方法 收集我院急性缺血性卒中病例195例,收集患者资料：年龄、既往吸烟、高血压病、糖尿病史,入院后检测血脂、同型半胱氨酸、纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen,Fg）、超敏C反应蛋白（high sensitive C-reactive protein,hsC-RP）、颈动脉超声等。对病例进行随访2年,患者分为缺血性卒中再发组和缺血性卒中无再发组2组,分析以上因素在两组间的差异。结果 195例患者入选,3例因其他系统疾病死亡失访,192例参加随访的缺血性卒中病例中52例再发,再发率27.1％。单因素分析显示,缺血性卒中再发组的年龄、hsC-RP、Fg水平显著高于缺血性卒中无再发组;糖尿病、高血压病、颈动脉斑块发生率也明显高于缺血性卒中无再发组。多因素分析显示,hsC-RP>3mg/L[比值比（odds ratio,OR）=2.72;95%置信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.35～5.46;P=0.005）、Fg>4g/L（OR=2.31;95%CI 1.16～4.58;P=0.017）与缺血性卒中再发独立相关。结论 缺血性卒中急性期hsC-RP、Fg增高是缺血性卒中再发的独立危险因素。     

COVID-19 and Stroke Recurrence by Subtypes: A Propensity-Score Matched Analyses of Stroke Subtypes in 44,994 Patients

BackgroundCerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), including varying strokes, can recur in patients upon coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, but risk factor stratification based on stroke subtypes and outcomes is not well studied in large studies using propensity-score matching. We identified risk factors and stroke recurrence based on varying subtypes in patients with a prior CVD and COVID-19.MethodsWe analyzed data from 45 health care organizations and created cohorts based on ICDs for varying stroke subtypes utilizing the TriNetX Analytics Network. We measured the odds ratios and risk differences of hospitalization, ICU/critical care services, intubation, mortality, and stroke recurrence in patients with COVID-19 compared to propensity-score matched cohorts without COVID-19 within 90-days.Results22,497 patients with a prior history of CVD within 10 years and COVID-19 diagnosis were identified. All cohorts with a previous CVD diagnosis had an increased risk of hospitalization, ICU, and mortality. Additionally, the data demonstrated that a history of ischemic stroke increased the risk for hemorrhagic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) (OR:1.59, 1.75, p-value: 0.044*, 0.043*), but a history of hemorrhagic stroke was associated with a higher risk for hemorrhagic strokes only (ORs 3.2, 1.7, 1.7 and p-value: 0.001*, 0.028*, 0.001*). History of TIA was not associated with increased risk for subsequent strokes upon COVID-19 infection (all p-values: ≥ 0.05).ConclusionsCOVID-19 was associated with an increased risk for hemorrhagic strokes and TIA among all ischemic stroke patients, an increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke in hemorrhagic stroke patients, and no associated increased risk for any subsequent strokes in TIA patients.