经皮冠状动脉球囊成形与腔内斑块旋磨治疗冠心病

本文报道我院１９９２年７月至１９９５年９月间采用经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗１８例冠心病，对２３支血管２５处病变进行扩张，狭窄度由８１％±１２％降至１８％±１５％；采用经皮冠状动脉腔内斑块旋磨治疗１０例冠心病，成功９例，对２５处斑块进行旋磨，两例补偿性球囊扩张，斑块处狭窄度平均值由术前的８６．２％降至２０．２％。     

复杂冠状动脉病变的腔内成形术

本文报道5例不同类型复杂冠状动脉病变腔内成形术。对于位于血管分叉处的病变,采用了双导丝技术;对于引起急性心肌梗塞的高度狭窄血管采用自灌注球囊扩张;对于完全闭塞且病变较长的血管,采用较硬的标准直头导引钢丝导入尔后逐段扩张的办法;对于术中出现的内膜剥离,采用了自灌注球囊导管行长时间低压修补。术后血管再通,残余狭窄为0～10％。因此,认为只要针对不同情况,采用不同方法,PTCA成功率可望提高。     

Coronary artery aneurysms

There is no consensus on the best management of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) in adults. We describe two patients with CAA and review transcatheter approaches to exclude them from the circulation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula

A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae is described in an adult with coronary artery disease. One of these fistulae drained into the anterior interventricular vein, which in turn communicated with and perfused an obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.     

轻度慢性肾脏疾病对冠心病患者PCI术后长期预后的影响

目的慢性肾脏疾病是影响冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)预后的重要因素之一,既往研究较少关注轻度慢性肾脏疾病(eGFR:60~89 ml/min/1.73m2)的患者。本研究旨在研究大样本患者中轻度慢性肾脏疾病与冠心病PCI术后长期预后的关系。方法本研究入选2013年1月1日至12月31日10270例在阜外医院接受PCI治疗的轻度慢性肾脏疾病患者以及肾功能基本正常(eGFR≥90 ml/min/1.73m2)的患者。研究中选择针对中国人群校准的简化MDRD公式计算患者的eGFR。对研究人群进行平均30个月的随访,终点事件包括全因死亡、心源性死亡、急性心肌梗死、支架内血栓形成、再次血运重建以及全因死亡与急性心肌梗死组成的复合终点事件。结果轻度慢性肾脏疾病是PCI术后长期死亡(HR=1.552,95%CI:1.019-2.362,P=0.041),心源性死亡(HR=1.933,95%CI:1.113-3.356,P=0.019),急性心肌梗死(HR=1.983,95%CI:1.236-3.183,P=0.005),支架内血栓(HR=1.962,95%CI:1.156-3.331,P=0.013)以及全因死亡与急性心肌梗死复合事件(HR=1.562,95%CI:1.104-2.210,P=0.012)的独立危险因素。结论与肾功能正常患者相比,轻度慢性肾脏疾病的冠心病患者行PCI治疗的长期预后不佳。     

心电图对冠状动脉多支病变的预测作用

冠状动脉多支病变的患者心肌缺血范围广,心功能差,易出现心脏突发事件,预后不良。发掘冠脉多支病变与心电图之间的规律性关系,对于预测冠状动脉多支病变,积极干预,改善患者预后有重要作用。     

冠状动脉钙化研究进展

冠状动脉钙化越来越受到重视,发现钙化即意味着亚临床动脉粥样硬化的存在,而动脉硬化不一定都有钙化。通常钙化越严重,冠脉管腔狭窄程度也就越高。但有时二者却缺乏很好的相关性。现就冠脉钙化的发生机制,冠脉钙化及积分与冠心病及其严重程度的关系,冠脉钙化检测方法及积分,血管重构在严重的冠脉钙化却没有明显的管腔狭窄中的作用等方面做一综述。     

Premature Coronary Artery Disease in Identical Male Twins Studied by Selective Coronary Arteriography

Identical twin brothers with premature coronary artery disease are described. Repeat selective cine-coronary arteriograms were performed in this unique twin model and demonstrated a close similarity in location and extent of atherosclerotic lesions.     

245例冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断中的价值

为了探讨冠状动脉造影在冠心病诊断中的价值，将245例选择性冠状动脉造形分为心肌梗塞组（101例）、心绞痛组（76例）、不典型心绞痛组（45例）和非冠心病组（23例）进行分析观察，其中224例有满意的左室造影可供分析。结果发现164树冠状动脉造影显示阳性改变，其利心肌梗塞组阳性率96．1%，心绞痛组71．1％，不典型心绞痛组28.9％，非冠心病组无一例阳性．共查出病变冠状动脉血管290支，依次分布于前降支130支、左回旋支80支、右冠状动脉67支、左冠状动脉主干13支．224例在室造影阳性表现为节段运动异常或室壁瘤，心肌梗塞组阳性率86．5％、心绞痛组55．2％、不典型心绞痛组34．1％、非冠心病组5％．结果提示冠状动脉造影仍是显示冠状动脉病变的最直接、有效的方法．     

Multiple Coronary Artery Aneurysms of the Right Coronary Artery in Neonate with Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) with right ventricular‐dependent coronaries is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. It has been associated with wide range of considerable anomalies including sinusoids, fistulae, coronary stenosis, or complete atresia. Coronary artery aneurysms in a neonate with PA/IVS have not been described. We report a case of neonate with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum with giant coronary artery aneurysms.     

不同冠状动脉评分方法评价冠心病严重程度的关系研究

目的:探讨3种不同评分方法评价冠心病严重程度的关系。方法:将156例行冠状动脉造影的患者分为冠心病组和对照组,根据冠状动脉损害的严重程度分别用Leaman评分法、Gensini评分法和美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会(ACC/AHA)评分法进行评分。采用相关、方差分析和Logistic回归分析探讨3种不同冠状动脉评分方法的关系。结果:3种评分方法高度相关,Gensini和Leaman的相关系数为0.912,ACC/AHA和Leaman的相关系数为0.807,Gensini和ACC/AHA的相关系数为0.716。OR值有差异。结论:3种评分方法均可作为诊断冠心病严重程度的量化指标,可根据临床实际需要选择任一种方法进行评分。     

冠状动脉内支架植入术150例护理体会

目的探讨冠状动脉内支架植入术患者的临床观察与护理对策。方法对150例行冠状动脉内支架植入术患者的术前、术中及术后观察与护理进行总结、归纳。结果本组均顺利完成手术,术后住院时间平均11d,无严重并发症发生。结论精心的术前、术中及术后护理能够减轻患者痛苦、提高患者舒适度、确保手术顺利进行、减少术后并发症。     

女性冠心病的研究进展

冠心病严重威胁人类健康。研究发现,女性冠心病与男性相比,发病机制、危险因素、疾病特点、治疗和预后均存在特殊性,现就近年来女性冠心病研究进展做一综述。     

瘦素与冠心病

瘦素是肥胖基因编码的一种蛋白质产物,通过与其受体结合发挥抑制食欲、减少能量摄入、增加能量消耗的生物学作用。近来的大量研究显示瘦素与冠心病发生、发展相关,现就近年来发现的瘦素在冠心病中的作用机理作一综述,以期进一步了解冠心病发病机理,为临床治疗冠心病提供帮助。     

Coronary CT angiography

Coronary CT angiography (coronary CTA) represents an increasingly applied noninvasive method for coronary artery imaging. Due to technical development and improved spatial and temporal resolution of CT, high diagnostic value of coronary CTA is reported when compared to conventional selective angiography. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the clinical applications of coronary CTA. Important factors in patient selection and preparation are also briefly discussed.     

冠心病与焦虑症

焦虑症是常见的精神障碍之一.在一般人群中,其患病率为4.1%～6.6%.而在冠心病病人当中,其患病率约为40%～70%.可见焦虑症与冠心病的关系密切.现从冠心病合并焦虑症的现状及临床表现、发病机制、治疗等方面,探讨冠心病与焦虑症的关系.说明在冠心病合并焦虑症的患者中,抗焦虑治疗和冠心病二级预防治疗同等重要.     

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病中胰岛素的抵抗性

为探索冠心病中有无胰岛素抵抗性/高胰岛素血症及其在冠状动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程中的作用,本文检测了32例非肥胖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验正常的单纯冠心病患者在服糖前后的血浆胰岛素、甘油三脂、总胆固醇浓度。结果表明,冠心病组病人存在餐后高胰岛素血症,血脂升高,这提示高胰岛素血症/胰岛素抵抗性可能是非糖尿病者发生冠心病的一个危险因素。     

稳定型冠心病合并高同型半胱氨酸血症人群冠脉病变特点分析

目的 研究稳定型冠心病合并高同型半胱氨酸血症(Hcy)人群冠脉病变特点。方法 106例稳定型冠心病依据血浆Hcy水平分为高Hcy组、正常Hcy组。两组性别、年龄、血压、血脂等临床基础情况具可比性,将冠脉造影图像采用直径法分析血管狭窄程度,以血管支数法和Gensis评分评价冠脉病变程度。结果 与正常Hcy组相比,高Hcy组在冠脉病变血管支数和Gensis评分方面均存在差异,表现为高Hcy组冠脉三支血管病变比例增高(34.48% vs 8.33%)、Gensis评分增高(37.82±8.29 vs 30.06±4.94), P< 0.05,差异具有统计学意义。且Hcy水平与冠脉病变血管支数、Gensis评分存在正相关关系(P< 0.05)。结论 在稳定型冠心病患者,高血浆Hcy可进一步影响冠脉病变的范围和严重程度。     

他汀类药物与冠心病

越来越多的研究表明他汀类药物在治疗多种疾病的应用当中有独立于降脂之外的多重效应,现拟对其应用于冠心病当中的一些研究作一综述。     

The Association between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. There are conflicting results regarding the association between COPD and CAD. We sought to measure the association between COPD and angiographically diagnosed CAD in a population-based cohort. We performed a retrospective analysis using data from the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH), a prospectively collected registry capturing all patients undergoing coronary angiography in Alberta, Canada, since 1995. We included adult patients who had undergone coronary angiogram between April 1, 2007 and March 31, 2014. CAD was present if at least one coronary artery had a significant stenosis ≥50%. COPD was present if the patient had a documented COPD history and was prescribed bronchodilators or inhaled steroids. We evaluated the association between COPD and CAD using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. There were 26,137 patients included with a mean age of 63.3?±?12.2 years, and 19,542 (74.8%) were male. The crude odds ratio (OR) of having CAD was 0.83 (95% CI 0.74–0.92) for patients with COPD compared to those without COPD. The adjusted OR was 0.75 (95% CI 0.67–0.84) after controlling for age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, peripheral artery disease and cardiac family history. In patients undergoing coronary angiography, COPD was negatively associated with CAD with and without the adjustment for classic risk factors. COPD patients should be properly examined for heart disease to reduce premature mortality.