肺切除术后急性呼吸衰竭的危险因素及护理对策

目的 探讨肺切除术后急性呼吸衰竭(ARF)的危险因素及护理策略。 方法 选择2015年4月—2016年2月间杭州师范大学附属医院收治的88例肺切除术患者,依据患者术后是否发生急性呼吸衰竭,将患者分为呼吸衰竭组和无呼吸衰竭组。收集2组患者的基本资料,包括:患者一般资料(性别、年龄、吸烟指数、心血管病史)、术前肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大通气量(MVV)、用力呼气量占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)]、手术方式(部分肺切除、全肺切除)、补液量(术中补液量、术后当天补液量),采用单因素和Logistic回归分析对收集的数据资料进行分析。 结果 患者肺切除术后急性呼吸衰竭的发生率为31.8%。单因素和Logistic回归分析发现年龄、吸烟指数、心血管病史、FVC<1.8 L、FEV1<1.5 L、FEV1/FVC<70%、手术方式、术中补液量、术后当天补液量是肺切除患者术后发生急性呼吸衰竭的危险因素。 结论 肺切除患者术后易发生急性呼吸衰竭,年龄、吸烟指数、心血管病史、FVC<1.8 L、FEV1<1.5 L、FEV1/FVC<70%、手术方式、术中补液量、术后当天补液量是肺切除患者术后发生急性呼吸衰竭的危险因素,临床工作中要重视发生ARF的危险因素,做好预防和治疗工作。      

术前肺功能对肺切除术后并发症的预测价值

目的：探讨术前肺功能与肺切除术后肺部并发症的关系。方法：112例肺切除患，术前行肺通气功能、弥散功能、残气功能检查，观察并评价术后并发症的发生。结果：34例肺切除术后发生肺部并发症，FEV1%预计值、FVC%预计算PEV1/FVC降低与肺部并发症的发生有显相关性，而DLCO%和RV/TCL则无相关意义。此外高龄、慢性肺疾病亦是术后并发症的高危因素。结论：FEV1%预计值对肺切除术后肺部并发症的预测具有较高的特异性和敏感性。     

肺通气功能测定与食管、贲门癌术后并发症的关系

目的探讨术前肺通气功能各个指标对食管、贲门癌切除手术患者手术耐受力及术后并发症的预测能力,综合分析预测指标与食管、贲门癌术后并发症的关系。方法对26例食管、贲门癌手术患者进行术前肺通气功能检测,追踪手术患者术后1月内心肺并发症(PPC)的发生情况,综合分析肺功能指标对手术耐受力与PPC的评估能力。结果26例手术患者有8例术后1月内出现PPC(29.2%);有、无PPC组间存在统计学意义的肺功能指标有:FVC、FVC%pred、FEV1及MVV;术前FVC<2.0 L,PPC发生率是100%;术前FVC<60%pred,PPC发生率是100%;术前FEV1<1.5 L,PPC发生率是75%;术前MVV<50 L,PPC发生率是50%;不同年龄与PPC的发生无相关性。结论术前肺通气功能能够评估食管、贲门癌切除术患者的手术耐受力及术后并发症的发生,常规肺功能极低者发生PPC的机率大。     

胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗老年I期肺癌合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗老年I期肺癌合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的临床疗效。方法 收集2017年1月至2021年6月浙江大学医学院附属金华医院确诊I期肺癌合并COPD的老年患者75例,均接受胸腔镜手术治疗,其中32例采用肺段切除术（肺段组）,43例采用肺叶切除术（肺叶组）,所有患者均康复出院,常规随访1年。比较两组患者一般临床资料、手术指标（包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后置管时间、术后康复时间和并发症）、肺功能[包括用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、FEV1/FVC、FEV1与预计值的百分比（FEV1%）、一氧化碳弥散量（DLCO）]和预后（肿瘤复发率和生存率）。结果两组患者肿瘤位置、平均直径、病理分型和组织学分级比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后置管时间比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,但肺段组术后康复时间短于肺叶组,并发症发生率低于肺叶组（均P＜0.05）。两组患者术前肺功能指标FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1%、DLCO比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,术后1周和1个月肺段组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1%和DLCO均明显高于肺叶组,各指标恢复率也明显增加（均P＜0.05）。随访1年,两组患者肿瘤复发率和生存率比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 胸腔镜肺段切除术治疗老年I期肺癌合并COPD有较好的可行性,相较于肺叶切除术能够促进患者术后快速康复,减少手术并发症,改善肺功能,1年肿瘤复发率和生存率基本相当,临床疗效较满意,值得推广。     

高龄肺癌患者袖状与全肺切除术后早期并发症分析

目的比较接受支气管袖状切除与全肺切除的高龄肺癌患者术后并发症的发生情况,并对相关危险因素进行分析。方法收集78例70岁以上肺癌患者的临床资料,其中接受支气管袖状切除手术55例(袖状切除组),接受全肺切除手术23例(全肺切除组),比较两组患者的术前资料、术中情况及术后并发症的发生情况,分析与并发症发生相关的危险因素。结果两组患者术后心律失常的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);袖状切除组患者术后气管镜吸痰次数显著多于全肺切除组(P<0.05)。统计学分析结果显示:术后呼吸道和心律失常并发症的发生与术式的选择无明显相关性(P>0.05),而术前肺功能指标一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)是高龄肺癌患者术后发生心律失常的独立危险因素(P=0.015)。结论对于高龄肺癌患者,支气管袖状切除与全肺切除两种术式对术后并发症的发生无明显影响;支气管袖状切除术术后更需重视气道管理;术前肺功能差是患者术后发生心律失常的危险因素。     

高龄肺癌患者袖状与全肺切除术后早期并发症分析

目的比较接受支气管袖状切除与全肺切除的高龄肺癌患者术后并发症的发生情况,并对相关危险因素进行分析。方法收集78例70岁以上肺癌患者的临床资料,其中接受支气管袖状切除手术55例(袖状切除组),接受全肺切除手术23例(全肺切除组),比较两组患者的术前资料、术中情况及术后并发症的发生情况,分析与并发症发生相关的危险因素。结果两组患者术后心律失常的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);袖状切除组患者术后气管镜吸痰次数显著多于全肺切除组(P<0.05)。统计学分析结果显示:术后呼吸道和心律失常并发症的发生与术式的选择无明显相关性(P>0.05),而术前肺功能指标一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)是高龄肺癌患者术后发生心律失常的独立危险因素(P=0.015)。结论对于高龄肺癌患者,支气管袖状切除与全肺切除两种术式对术后并发症的发生无明显影响;支气管袖状切除术术后更需重视气道管理;术前肺功能差是患者术后发生心律失常的危险因素。     

全腔镜与开放食管癌切除术对患者术后早期肺功能影响比较

目的 探讨全腔镜与开放食管癌切除手术对患者术后早期肺功能的影响.方法 将61例食管癌手术患者随机分为全腔镜组(胸腹腔镜联合行食管癌切除手术组,32例)及开放组(经右胸、上腹及左颈三切口食管癌切除手术组,29例).分别于术前1d,术后第5及10天测定肺通气功能1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及血气分析,记录术后第1～5天疼痛评分及肺部并发症发生情况.结果 两组术前FEV1、FVC及血气分析差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).术后第5及10天,两组FEV1及FVC均有不同程度的降低,以实测值/术前预计值作为比较参数,全腔镜组降低程度均小于开放组(均P＜0.05),术后第10天血氧分压(PaO2)及动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)全腔镜组均高于开放组(均P＜0.05).术后第1～5天疼痛评分全腔镜组均低于开放组,其中术后4d内疼痛评分差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).全腔镜组术后肺部并发症发生率低于开放手术组(P＜0.05).结论 胸腹腔镜联合行食管癌手术对患者术后早期肺功能影响相对较小,能降低术后肺部并发症发生率.     

戒烟对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影响

目的 探讨烟龄(年数)、烟量(年支)、戒烟时间(年数)与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺通气功能指标(FEVl %、FEV1/FVC、 PEF%、FEF25%、FEF50%、 MMEF%)的关系.方法 测定156例稳定期COPD患者的肺功能(FEV1%、FEVl/ FVC、PEF%、FEF25%、FEF50%、MMEF%),根据气道阻塞程度分为ⅡA、ⅡB、Ⅲ级 COPD.结果 各组间的PEF%、FEF25%、FEF50%、MMEF%等肺通气功能指标的比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05).FEV1%、FEVl/FVC(%)、FEF25%、FEF50%、 MMEF%等肺通气功能指标与烟量及烟龄存在负相关,与戒烟时间存在正相关;在控制年龄、烟量等因素后,FEV1 %、FEVl/FVC(%)、FEF25%、FEF50%、MMEF%等肺通气功能的指标与戒烟时间存在正相关,而与烟龄存在负相关.结论 戒烟可减缓COPD患者肺功能的恶化.     

肺功能检查评估CT引导下经皮肺活检术后气胸发生的意义

目的探讨肺功能检查对CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术后发生气胸评估的意义。方法回顾性分析112例在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断的肺外周孤立性病变住院患者的临床资料。所有患者术前均进行肺功能检查,测试指标包括用力肺活量(FVC)占预计值百分比、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值百分比、FEV1/FVC,同时记录患者年龄、术前患者是否存在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD),分析发生气胸患者与未发生气胸患者上述指标之间的差异。结果112例患者中共发生气胸20例(17.9%)。发生气胸患者的FEV1占预计值百分比、FEV1/FVC较未发生气胸患者显著降低,且发生气胸患者的平均年龄较大、术前患者并存COPD的几率高。结论肺功能指标FEV1占预计值百分比降低,FEV1/FVC降低显著增加CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检发生气胸的风险。     

肺癌全肺切除术后严重心肺并发症相关因素分析

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌全肺切除术后严重心肺并发症的相关风险因素。方法收集1999年9月～2005年12月施行全肺切除手术的52例非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料。对影响全肺切除术后严重心肺并发症的相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果围术期无死亡病例,11例(21%)术后出现严重心肺并发症。单因素分析时,胸膜外全肺切除、依据核素肺显像预测的术后FEV1.0%及MVV%是严重心肺并发症的相关风险因素。当预测的术后FVC%、FEV1.0%或MVV%<50%时,严重心肺并发症的发生率接近50%。多因素分析时,胸膜外全肺切除是严重心肺并发症的相关风险因素;忽略手术性质的影响时,预测的术后FEV1.0%和MVV%是严重心肺并发症的相关风险因素。结论胸膜外全肺切除是非小细胞肺癌全肺切除术后严重心肺并发症最密切的相关风险因素;不考虑胸膜外全肺切除因素时,预测的术后FEV1.0%及MVV%是严重心肺并发症的相关风险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.