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1.
目的:运用Meta分析了解HIV感染者巨细胞病毒(CMV)血症的流行情况及相关因素。方法:系统检索2011-2020年PubMed、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库中关于HIV感染者CMV血症现患率的文献,文献筛选和数据提取后进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入15篇文献,总样本量为5 076例。Meta随机效应模...  相似文献   

2.
目的 研究HIV感染者和艾滋病病人(简称HIV/AIDS病例)服药依从性的影响因素,为改善抗病毒治疗质量提供理论依据.方法 通过问卷调查重庆市九龙坡区接受抗病毒治疗的379名HIV/AIDS病例的一般人口学特征、艾滋病基本知识、治疗相关知识和治疗情况,并采用依从性评价中心指数对服药依从性进行评估.结果 调查379名HIV/AIDS病例,其中335例服药依从性好,占88.39%,44例服药依从性差;335例知晓艾滋病基本知识,301例(占79.42%)抗病毒治疗前接受过依从性教育.女性(OR=3.170,95% CI:1.537 ~6.539)、治疗时间1年以内(OR=3.071,95%CI:1.278~7.378)、未接受过服药依从性教育(OR=2.148,95% CI:1.047~4.407)和认为治疗效 果微效(OR=2.424,95% CI:1.157~5.077)的HIV/AIDS病例更容易发生服药依从性差.结论 服药依从性教育和HIV/AIDS病例对治疗效果的评价对服药依从性有重要影响,应当对HIV/AIDS病例开展规范的服药依从性教育,帮助其掌握服药知识和正确认识治疗效果.  相似文献   

3.
抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)虽然能有效抑制HIV复制,降低AIDS的发病率和死亡率,但HIV感染者体内仍存在慢性免疫活化。近年来,随着ART方案的不断优化,指南推荐使用的二联方案能否与三联方案一样有效降低免疫活化的水平,是现阶段抗病毒治疗领域热点问题之一。本文总结分析了二联方案免疫活化的相关研究,并通过与三联方案的比较,...  相似文献   

4.
目的 研究抗反转录病毒治疗时机选择,明确其对妊娠合并HIV感染者妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取2015年1月—2018年1月我院收治的103例妊娠合并HIV感染者作为研究对象,根据抗反转录病毒治疗时机不同分为2组,其中在孕28周以内行抗反转录病毒治疗的患者作为研究组(n=74例);在孕28周及以后行抗反转录病毒治疗,且至分娩间隔时间不少于1个月的患者作为对照组(n=29例)。观察2组患者抗病毒治疗效果、妊娠结局及18月龄儿HIV感染随访情况。结果 行抗反转录病毒治疗后,分娩前1 d研究组患者病毒载量下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者早产比例为2.70%,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 妊娠合并HIV感染者尽早实施抗反转录病毒治疗对于降低母体病毒载量和胎儿早产率具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发流行对HIV感染者卫生需求影响,为政府和感染者社区快速制定应对措施提供参考依据。方法 于2020年2月5-10日,通过网络招募年满18周岁并已开始服用抗反转录病毒药物(ARV)的HIV感染者参加网络匿名调查,了解新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间,受访者在预防新型冠状病毒肺炎、获取HIV防治相关服务和心理支持需求等方面的信息。结果 调查共收集1 014份来自全国各省的HIV感染者的调查问卷,93.79%的调查对象表示自己所在的社区提供了新型冠状病毒肺炎的预防信息,同时更加关心HIV感染者相关的新型冠状病毒肺炎预防措施以及防护品短缺问题;32.64%的调查对象表示自己现有的ARV不足以满足交通和旅行管制期间的需求,其中部分感染者在未来1个月面临断药风险。湖北省需要补充药物的HIV感染者中,64.15%的人表示因为"封锁和行动受限"而难以获得HIV治疗药物。调查还发现,28.93%的调查对象希望获得社会心理支持;对政府的期待方面,85.31%的调查对象希望可以进一步完善HIV感染者异地取药流程。结论 HIV感染者希望了解该人群预防新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发的相关信息,部分返乡或居住在交通管制地区的感染者,仍存在定期领药等方面的困难。疫情形势下,HIV感染者获取药物面临困难,我们应当进一步开展系统调查了解新型冠状病毒肺炎流行对HIV感染的影响,并提高卫生系统应急储备和处置能力。  相似文献   

6.
目的在四川省西昌市静脉吸毒人群中,利用数学模型研究人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)发病率。方法利用对西昌市静脉吸毒人群HIV感染横断面调查获得有关数据,进行HIV数学模型分析。结果建立静脉吸毒人群中的HIV数学模型,利用横断面调查资料计算HIV发病率。结论由模型及其分析得出HIV发病率为λ=3.5%。与由队列研究所获得的发病率比较接近。  相似文献   

7.
目的:通过文献回顾,了解我国HIV感染者中HBV感染的流行特征。方法:通过对2010-2019年文献检索、文献筛选、质量评价等过程,收集我国有关HIV感染者合并感染HBV的研究文献,对符合纳入标准的文献提取相关数据后进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入27项研究,合并样本量为69 816例;我国HIV感染者的HBV合并感染率...  相似文献   

8.
目的 系统评价我国HIV感染者不同亚型与耐药的关系。方法 计算机检索维普中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(Wangfang Data)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库中2005-2015年与HIV亚型耐药相关研究,同时手工检索相关资料。严格按照纳入标准和排除标准对所获文献进行筛选、提取资料和质量评价,然后用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入文献43篇,整体耐药率为15.1%,原发耐药率为9.5%,与耐药相关的亚型主要有CRF01_AE、CRF07_BC、CRF08_BC、B/B''和C亚型,在整个人群中,各亚型合并耐药率分别为12.8%、7.4%、14.3%、25.7%、34.9%;各亚型原发耐药率分别为7.3%、5.7%、11.5%、15.5%和23.9%。亚组分析结果显示,处理和区域亚组组内差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各亚型原发耐药率在区域上呈现华北、西南地区高于中南地区。结论 我国不同的HIV亚型地区分布较为广泛,各亚型原发性耐药率较高,呈现较大差异,需要加强对我国不同亚型耐药毒株监测,以防止耐药毒株间的重组与传播。  相似文献   

9.
目的  系统评价中国HIV/AIDS患者的焦虑检出情况。 方法  检索建库至2022年3月有关中国HIV/AIDS患者焦虑检出率的横断面研究,完成文献筛选及质量评价后,采用R 4.4.1软件进行Meta分析。 结果  共纳入文献65篇,研究对象31 303例,合并后中国HIV/AIDS患者焦虑检出率为33.04%(95% CI: 29.73%~36.36%);亚组分析结果显示,中国不同地区、不同评价量表、不同感染途径、不同研究人群HIV/AIDS患者焦虑检出率的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);对不同研究特征进行分组比较,获得社会/家人/朋友支持(OR=0.739 4, 95% CI: 0.683 9~0.799 5,P<0.01)是HIV/AIDS患者焦虑症状的保护因素。 结论  中国HIV/AIDS患者焦虑检出率较高,建议加强对HIV/AIDS患者心理健康状态的早期评估与干预,改善HIV/AIDS患者的焦虑状态。  相似文献   

10.
目的 系统评价睡眠障碍与老年人跌倒的风险关系。方法 计算机检索CENTRAL、Embase、PubMed、CINAHL、Web of science、PsychlNFO(ProQuest)、PsychlNFO(Ovid)、中国生物医学文献、知网、维普、万方数据库,检索日期为建库- 2017年12月。收集睡眠障碍与老年人跌倒风险关系的队列研究,对纳入研究采用NOS量表进行质量评价,RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入8项队列研究,20 640例患者。校正Meta分析结果:睡眠障碍会增加老年人跌倒的风险[OR = 1.33,95%CI(1.23,1.44)]。亚组分析结果:不同睡眠障碍类型、跌倒次数结局及研究场所,睡眠障碍均会增加老年人跌倒风险。结论 睡眠障碍会增加老年人跌倒的风险。  相似文献   

11.
目的 描述中国男男性行为(MSM)人群HIV新发感染率水平。方法 采用Meta分析方法对2010年1月至2015年2月公开发表的MSM人群HIV新发感染率相关研究进行汇总和定量分析;采用Stata 12.0软件进行异质性检验及合并新发感染率、发病风险比、计算发表偏倚和敏感性分析。结果 共纳入24篇队列研究文献。中国MSM人群HIV新发感染率为5.0/100人年; 病例报告疫情重的城市相对于其他城市HIV新发感染率较高(4.9/100人年 vs. 3.4/100人年)。文化程度低(HR=1.61,95%CI:1.21~2.15)、梅毒感染(HR=3.22,95%CI:2.21~4.70)、无保护性肛交(HR=2.92,95%CI:1.51~5.63)、少数民族(HR=4.01,95%CI:1.96~8.21)、商业性行为(HR=4.11,95%CI:1.47~11.46)和多性伴(HR=2.31,95%CI:1.60~3.34)均为MSM人群HIV新发感染的危险因素。结论 中国MSM人群HIV新发感染率为5.0%,文化程度低、梅毒感染、无保护性肛交、民族、商业性行为和多性伴是MSM人群HIV新发感染的危险因素。  相似文献   

12.

Purpose

To evaluate the measures of community human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) and the association with HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods

Data were from 1986 to 1999 Urban Health Study conducted among PWID in the San Francisco Bay Area. Extant measures of community VL use mean VL among HIV + study participants, not accounting for the proportion of HIV- individuals. We compared the strength of the associations between HIV incidence and the traditionally measured mean community VL and a new prevalence-adjusted community VL, calculated by dividing the sum of VL among HIV + participants by the total participants irrespective of HIV status.

Results

Mean community VL was not correlated with HIV incidence in this sample of PWID (rs = 0.32, P = .28). However, prevalence-adjusted community VL was strongly correlated with HIV incidence (rs = 0.69, P = .009). Nested complimentary log-log linear models indicated that increases in community VL and prevalence-adjusted community VL were both associated with HIV incidence, but prevalence-adjusted community VL was a more sensitive measure (hazard ratio = 1.28, P = .038 and hazard ratio = 3.29, P < .001, respectively).

Conclusions

The effect of community VL on HIV incidence may be stronger than previously reported. Future studies of community VL surveillance should consider accounting for the prevalence of HIV using a prevalence-adjusted community VL measure.  相似文献   

13.
目的 了解HIV感染者/AIDS病人对随访管理及治疗服务的依从现状并探讨其相关因素。 方法 以长沙市疾病预防控制中心和艾滋病定点治疗医院为调查现场,将在2013年3月1日-2015年8月31日期间开始接受抗病毒治疗的HIV感染者/AIDS病人(治疗时长为3~6个月)作为连续样本征募入组,获得有效样本207例。采用“美国社区艾滋病临床研究抗逆转录病毒用药自陈式问卷”及自编的一般情况问卷进行调查;CD4检测和常规随访数据来源于艾滋病综合防治信息系统。 结果 样本对随访管理的依从率为96.6%,抗病毒治疗服药量依从率为87.0%;随访管理及治疗服务依从率为75.4%。多因素分析显示,有稳定工作(OR=2.30,95%CI:1.06~4.98)、治疗方案为“其他组合”(OR=5.49,95%CI:2.15~14.02)的样本依从更差。 结论 长沙市HIV感染者/AIDS病人对随访管理服务的依从性较好,但其服药依从性有待提高。在管理及治疗服务中,应及时为该人群提供服药指导及心理支持。  相似文献   

14.
《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(12):886-892.e3
PurposeTo determine the short-term and long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on incident tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).MethodsFrom 2000 to 2012, we identified adult PLWHA from Taiwan Centers for Disease Control HIV Surveillance System. All PLWHA were followed up until December 31, 2012, and observed for TB occurrence. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the short-term and long-term effects of HAART on incident TB.ResultsOf 20,072 PLWHA, 628 (3.13%) had incident TB, corresponding to an incident rate of 701/100,000 person-years. After adjusting for potential confounders, PLWHA receiving HAART were more likely to develop TB than those not receiving the drugs (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–2.05). While the short-term and long-term effects of HAART on incident TB were considered, HAART was a risk factor for TB development within the first 90 days (AHR 6.06; 95% CI 4.58–8.01) and between 90 and 180 days of treatment (AHR 1.80; 95% CI 1.11–2.94) but was a protective factor after 180 days of HAART use (AHR 0.51; 95% CI 0.39–0.66).ConclusionsHAART is a risk factor for the development of TB in the short term but a protective factor in the long term.  相似文献   

15.
目的分析云南省HIV/AIDS病人的抑郁和焦虑情况,并分析影响因素。方法于2016年1—2月采用方便抽样法抽取云南省昆明市和陇川县的HIV/AIDS病人作为调查对象,采用病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ–9)和广泛性焦虑量表(GAD–7)测定其抑郁和焦虑情况,采用社会支持评定量表测定其社会支持程度;采用多因素logistic回归法分析其抑郁和焦虑的影响因素。结果本次共调查HIV/AIDS病人410例,其社会支持总得分为(28.05±7.23)分;HIV/AIDS病人的抑郁率为81.5%,其中男性为79.7%,女性为85.7%;焦虑率为68.1%,其中男性为68.0%,女性为77.3%;35~44岁的HIV/AIDS病人的抑郁率和焦虑率最高(P<0.05);未接受过治疗和感染期间症状或体征数越多的HIV/AIDS病人出现抑郁和焦虑的可能性越大;主观支持得分越低的HIV/AIDS病人出现焦虑的可能性也越大。结论云南省HIV/AIDS病人的抑郁和焦虑情况较严重,加强对HIV/AIDS病人的早期抗病毒治疗和社会支持与关怀,有助于改善其心理状况。  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND:Zambia has an estimated TB incidence of 319/100,000 population and a HIV prevalence of 11.1%. In 2020, only 49% of new people living with HIV (PLHIV) received TB preventive therapy (TPT) in Zambia. Misconceptions about the reliability of symptom screening and drug resistance among people who develop TB while on TPT are barriers to TPT scale-up. We determined the incidence and predictors of breakthrough TB during TPT among PLHIV in Zambia.METHOD:This was a retrospective analysis of routine TPT programme data among PLHIV collected between October 2016 and October 2019 from select primary health facilities in Zambia.RESULTS:Of 48,581 PLHIV enrolled on TPT, 130 (0.3%) developed breakthrough TB during TPT. Of the 130, 90 client records were accessed. The median age of the breakthrough TB cases was 35 years; 68% were males. Overall, 96% of the breakthrough TB cases had been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ⩽3 months; 24% were symptomatic at the beginning of TPT, 22% were asymptomatic and others had missing data. Of the 130 breakthrough TB cases, 79% developed TB in the first month after TPT initiation. The median time to TB diagnosis was 10 days (IQR 4–16).CONCLUSION:Breakthrough TB during TPT is rare among PHLIV on ART, and very rare after the first month of TPT initiation. It should therefore not be a barrier to TPT scale-up.  相似文献   

17.
This paper focuses on the relationship of HIV medical technologies to current styles of medical practice and highlights issues posed by the technologies for those working and/or living with HIV. The paper examines HIV anti-retroviral combination therapies and associated tests from the perspective of their prescribers. The prescribers were interviewed during the later part of 2002 at three London HIV clinics. Their comments, considered in light of other recent studies in the field, suggest that current therapies are part of a transitional phase in the epidemic which informs the identification and negotiation of known risks and uncertainty. An undetermined but extended life expectancy, afforded by anti-retroviral therapies, is understood against risk of iatrogenic diseases and/or viral drug resistance. The tension arising in this situation of unwanted and even uncertain phenomena poses ethical dilemmas and affects doctor/patient relations. Indeed, it also contributes to a reconfiguring of the lived experience of managing HIV. While the new technologies have offered considerable advances in the medical management of HIV, they are altering the nature of HIV medicine both materially and socially. The scenario is further complicated by the uneven allocation of resources and different patient health and disease states. The heterogeneity of resources, disease states and technological effects points to the need for ongoing and extended evaluation as the relationship between these and the everyday practice of medicine continues to change.  相似文献   

18.
中国HIV感染者或AIDS患者(PLWHA)数目逐年增长,有关PLWHA的心理健康也成为社会关注的热点。在确诊HIV初期和艾滋病期的心理问题相对而言更严重,容易出现心理危机。目前心理危机干预技术多运用于其他疾病,在PLWHA的运用较少。本研究综述PLWHA危及期的心理特点及危机干预在PLWHA中的应用。  相似文献   

19.
Before the advent of effective antiretroviral treatment (ART), the sexuality of people living with HIV was mostly discussed in terms of risk. To assess the extent to which ART allows people living with HIV to regain a regular sexual life, we surveyed all HIV-infected people treated in four hospitals in Northern Thailand and a control group from the general population matched by sex, age and residence. Data included socio-demographic and health characteristics, frequency of sexual intercourse in the last month and condom use. Our findings indicate that people living with HIV less often live in steady partnership (50% of the HIV-infected people versus 79% of the controls). After adjusting for factors known to influence sexuality, their probability of being sexually active was estimated to be about half that of the controls. When sexually active, men had a reduced sexual activity compared to controls (2.8 intercourse in the last month versus 4.0), while levels of reported sexual activity were similar among women (2.2 versus 2.8, respectively). Consistent condom use was high among people living with HIV (66% for women and 70% for men).  相似文献   

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